ABSTRACT
O documento apresenta informações sobre aranhas de importância médica no Brasil. Descreve a estrutura externa das aranhas e destaca três gêneros de importância em saúde pública: aranha-marrom (Loxosceles), aranha-armadeira ou macaca (Phoneutria) e viúva-negra (Latrodectus). Traz imagens dessas espécies e lista sinais, sintomas e tratamento para acidentes com elas. Apresenta dados de série histórica de acidentes por aranhas no Brasil e Tocantins entre 2000-2022. Por fim, traz recomendações sobre prevenção e primeiro atendimento para acidentes com aranhas.
The document provides information on medically significant spiders in Brazil. It describes the external structure of spiders and highlights three genera of public health importance: brown recluse spider (Loxosceles), wandering spider or macaque spider (Phoneutria), and black widow spider (Latrodectus). It includes images of these species and lists signs, symptoms, and treatment for accidents involving them. It presents historical data on spider-related accidents in Brazil and Tocantins between 2000-2022. Finally, it provides recommendations for prevention and initial first aid for spider bites.
El documento proporciona información sobre arañas de importancia médica en Brasil. Describe la estructura externa de las arañas y destaca tres géneros de importancia para la salud pública: la araña de rincón (Loxosceles), la araña errante o araña mono (Phoneutria) y la viuda negra (Latrodectus). Incluye imágenes de estas especies y enumera los signos, síntomas y tratamiento para accidentes con ellas. Presenta datos históricos sobre accidentes relacionados con arañas en Brasil y Tocantins entre 2000 y 2022. Por último, proporciona recomendaciones para la prevención y la atención de primeros auxilios en caso de picaduras de araña.
Subject(s)
Animals , Spider Bites/prevention & control , Black Widow Spider/classification , Brown Recluse Spider/classificationABSTRACT
One of the hallmarks of acute inflammation is neutrophil infiltration of tissues. We investigated molecular mechanisms implicated in acute neutrophilic inflammation induced by the venom of a freshwater stingray (Potamotrygon cf. henlei) in mice. Ray venom induced early mobilization of neutrophil in the microvasculature of cremaster mice and infiltration of the peritoneal cavity 2 hours after injury, in a dose-response manner. IL-1ß, IL-6, TNF-α, and KC were produced. The neutrophilic infiltration did not occur in mice with ST2 receptor and MyD88 adapters neutralized, or in those with PI3K and p38 MAPK signaling blocked. Drastic reduction of neutrophil infiltration to peritoneal cavities was observed in ST2-/-, TLR2/TLR4-/-, MyD88-/-, TRIF-/- and IL-17A-/- mice, and a partial reduction was observed in IL-18R-/- mice. Mast cell Kit W(sh)/W(sh)-, AHR-, NLRP3-, ICE-, IL-1ß-, P2RX7-, CD39-, IL-17RA-, and TBX21 KO mice retain the ability to induce neutrophilia in peritoneal cavity after ray venom injection. IL-6 and TNF-α alone were insufficient for promote neutrophilia in the absence of ST2 signaling. Finally, abundant production of IL-33 by cardiomyocytes was observed. These results refine our understanding of the importance of the IL-33/ST2 axis and IL-33-producing cardiomyocytes in the early acute neutrophilia induced by freshwater stingray venoms.
Subject(s)
Interleukin-33/metabolism , Mast Cells/drug effects , Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects , Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism , Neutrophils/immunology , Poisons/toxicity , Venoms/toxicity , Animals , Cytokines/genetics , Cytokines/metabolism , Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein/genetics , Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein/metabolism , Mice , Mice, Knockout , Peritoneal Cavity/pathology , Poisoning/pathology , Poisons/administration & dosage , Signal Transduction , Skates, Fish , Venoms/administration & dosageABSTRACT
One of the hallmarks of acute inflammation is neutrophil infiltration of tissues. We investigated molecular mechanisms implicated in acute neutrophilic inflammation induced by the venom of a freshwater stingray (Potamotrygon cf. henlei) in mice. Ray venom induced early mobilization of neutrophil in the microvasculature of cremaster mice and infiltration of the peritoneal cavity 2 hours after injury, in a dose-response manner. IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and KC were produced. The neutrophilic infiltration did not occur in mice with ST2 receptor and MyD88 adapters neutralized, or in those with PI3K and p38 MAPK signaling blocked. Drastic reduction of neutrophil infiltration to peritoneal cavities was observed in ST2(-/-), TLR2/TLR4(-/-), MyD88(-/-), TRIF-/- and IL-17A(-/-) mice, and a partial reduction was observed in IL-18R(-/-) mice. Mast cell Kit W(sh)/W(sh)-, AHR-, NLRP3-, ICE-, IL-1 beta-, P2RX7-, CD39-, IL-17RA-, and TBX21 KO mice retain the ability to induce neutrophilia in peritoneal cavity after ray venom injection. IL- 6 and TNF-alpha alone were insufficient for promote neutrophilia in the absence of ST2 signaling. Finally, abundant production of IL-33 by cardiomyocytes was observed. These results refine our understanding of the importance of the IL-33/ST2 axis and IL-33-producing cardiomyocytes in the early acute neutrophilia induced by freshwater stingray venoms.
ABSTRACT
Stingrays from the Potamotrygon cf. henlei species are widely distributed in high numbers throughout the rivers of central-west Brazil, being the source of numerous envenomations occurring in the dry season, posing a serious public health problem even if not properly reported. The accidents usually involve fishermen and bathers, and to date there is no effective treatment for the injured. Considering these facts and limitations of studies aiming at understanding the effects induced by P. cf. henlei envenoming, this study aimed to describe the principal pharmacological and certain biochemical properties of the mucus and sting venom. We found that mucus and sting venom is toxic to mice having nociceptive, edematogenic and proteolysis activities. Our results also indicate that the inflammatory cellular influx observed could be triggered by the venom and mucus. Furthermore the venom and mucus were partially purified by solid-phase extraction tested for antimicrobial activity in which only the mucus presented activity. It could be inferred from the present study that P. cf. henlei venom possesses a diverse mixture of peptides, enzymes and pharmacologically active components.
Subject(s)
Fish Venoms/chemistry , Fish Venoms/pharmacology , Mucus/chemistry , Animals , Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects , Anti-Infective Agents/chemistry , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Bacteria/drug effects , Brazil , Edema/chemically induced , Elasmobranchii/metabolism , Female , Fishes, Poisonous/metabolism , Inflammation/chemically induced , Male , Mice , Nociceptive Pain/chemically inducedABSTRACT
Stingrays from the Potamotrygon cf. henlei species are widely distributed in high numbers throughout therivers of central-west Brazil, being the source of numerous envenomations occurring in the dry season, posinga serious public health problem even if not properly reported. The accidents usually involve fishermen andbathers, and to date there is no effective treatment for the injured. Considering these facts and limitations ofstudies aiming at understanding the effects induced by P. cf. henlei envenoming, this study aimed to describethe principal pharmacological and certain biochemical properties of the mucus and sting venom. We foundthat mucus and sting venom is toxic to mice having nociceptive, edematogenic and proteolysis activities. Ourresults also indicate that the inflammatory cellular influx observed could be triggered by the venom andmucus. Furthermore the venom and mucus were partially purified by solid-phase extraction tested forantimicrobial activity in which only the mucus presented activity. It could be inferred from the present studythat P. cf. henlei venom possesses a diverse mixture of peptides, enzymes and pharmacologically activecomponents.
