ABSTRACT
Skin injuries constitute a gateway for pathogenic bacteria that can be either part of tissue microbiota or acquired from the environmental. These microorganisms (such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterococcus faecalis,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus) produce virulence factors that impair tissue integrity and sustain the inflammatory phase leading for establishment of chronic wounds. The high levels of antimicrobial resistance have limited the therapeutic arsenal for combatting skin infections. Thus, the treatment of non-healing chronic wounds is a huge challenge for health services worldwide, imposing great socio-economic damage to the affected individuals. This scenario has encouraged the use of natural polymers, such as polysaccharide, in order to develop new formulations (membranes, nanoparticles, hydrogels, scaffolds) to be applied in the treatment of skin infections. In this non-exhaustive review, we discuss the applications of polysaccharide-based formulations in the healing of infected wounds in animal models and clinical trials. The formulations discussed in this review were prepared using alginate, cellulose, chitosan, and hyaluronic acid. In addition to have healing actions per se, these polysaccharide formulations can act as transdermal drug delivery systems, controlling the release of active ingredients (such as antimicrobial and healing agents). The papers show that these polysaccharides-based formulations are efficient in controlling infection and improve the healing, even in chronic infected wounds. These data should positively impact the design of new dressings to treat skin infections.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Disease Models, Animal , Polysaccharides/pharmacology , Skin Diseases/drug therapy , Wound Healing/drug effects , Wound Infection/drug therapy , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Bacteria/drug effects , Clinical Trials as Topic , Drug Compounding , Humans , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Polysaccharides/chemistry , Skin Diseases/microbiology , Wound Infection/microbiologyABSTRACT
O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito de uma intervenção educacional sobre a classe acadêmica odontológica a respeito do gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos de saúde e a prática de condutas sustentáveis. Foram aplicados questionários, em dois momentos, a respeito dos conhecimentos e atitudes dos acadêmicos. Entre os tempos de avaliação, foram ministradas palestras e diversas ações educativas sobre métodos de gerenciamento e atitudes sustentáveis, também foram colocadas lixeiras plásticas devidamente identificadas nas clínicas da faculdade. Evidenciou-se o déficit na formação dos graduandos sobre o tema, sendo que após a intervenção houve aumento de práticas corretas de destinação dos resíduos gerados durante atividades clínicas. Conclui-se que a intervenção educacional foi eficaz na contribuição do aprendizado e na mudança do modo de agir, com maior engajamento em atividades sustentáveis
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an educational intervention on the dental academic class regarding the management of solid wastes health and sustainable conduct. Questionnaires were applied in two stages, about the knowledge and attitudes of students. Between the evaluation s time, lectures and various educational actions on management attitudes and sustainable methods were given, were also placed properly identified plastic bins in college clinics. It was evident the deficit in the education of students on the topic, and after the intervention there was an increase of correct practices of allocation of waste generated during clinical activities. We conclude that educational intervention was effective in learning and in the change in the attitude of students, with greater engagement in sustainable activities
