ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Bacterial or viral diseases are one of the major causes of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). These patients show a quantitative reduction of levels of antibodies over time. Among the infectious diseases that affect CKD patients, stands out hepatitis B (HB). Immunization and control of antibodies levels against the hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) are ways to prevent the HB infection in this population. Patients with anti-HBs levels ≥10 IU/ml are considered adequate responders, whereas those with anti-HBs levels ≥ 100 IU/ml are considered excellent responders. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the variation of the anti-HBs levels obtained after vaccination against HB in children and adolescents in the pre-dialysis stage of CKD. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study on anti-HBs levels of children and adolescents in the pre-dialysis stage of CKD. Correlation between levels of anti-HBs titers and time since the vaccination were estimated. RESULTS: From the total of 116 studied patients most of the studied patients were considered excellent responders, obtaining in the three anti-HBs titers percentages of 70.7%, 62.1% and 54.9% respectively. The anti-HBs titer levels showed a negative correlation with the time since vaccination (Kendall Tau-b = -0.16; p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: The majority of the studied population was vaccinated by PNI and showed excellent anti-HBs titer levels, even experiencing a progressive reduced response over the time.
Subject(s)
Hepatitis B Antibodies/blood , Hepatitis B Vaccines , Kidney Failure, Chronic/blood , Adolescent , Child , Cohort Studies , Female , Humans , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Male , Monitoring, Physiologic , Renal Dialysis , Retrospective Studies , Young AdultABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction: Bacterial or viral diseases are one of the major causes of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). These patients show a quantitative reduction of levels of antibodies over time. Among the infectious diseases that affect CKD patients, stands out hepatitis B (HB). Immunization and control of antibodies levels against the hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) are ways to prevent the HB infection in this population. Patients with anti-HBs levels ≥10 IU/ml are considered adequate responders, whereas those with anti-HBs levels ≥ 100 IU/ml are considered excellent responders. Objective: To analyze the variation of the anti-HBs levels obtained after vaccination against HB in children and adolescents in the pre-dialysis stage of CKD. Methods: A retrospective cohort study on anti-HBs levels of children and adolescents in the pre-dialysis stage of CKD. Correlation between levels of anti-HBs titers and time since the vaccination were estimated. Results: From the total of 116 studied patients most of the studied patients were considered excellent responders, obtaining in the three anti-HBs titers percentages of 70.7%, 62.1% and 54.9% respectively. The anti-HBs titer levels showed a negative correlation with the time since vaccination (Kendall Tau-b = -0.16; p = 0.02). Conclusion: The majority of the studied population was vaccinated by PNI and showed excellent anti-HBs titer levels, even experiencing a progressive reduced response over the time.
Resumo Introdução: As doenças infecciosas, bacterianas ou virais, são uma das principais causas de morte dos pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC), que apresentam um decréscimo na duração da imunidade em comparação às pessoas saudáveis. Entre as doenças infecciosas que acometem os portadores de DRC, destaca-se a hepatite B (HB). A imunização e o controle dos níveis de anticorpos contra o antígeno da superfície da hepatite B (anti-HBs) são formas de evitar a contaminação da HB nessa população. Pacientes com o nível de anti-HBs ≥ 10 UI/ml são considerados adequados respondedores, enquanto aqueles com níveis de anti-HBs ≥ 100 UI/ml são considerados excelentes respondedores. Objetivo: Analisar a variação dos níveis de anti-HBs adquiridos após a vacinação contra a HB em crianças e adolescentes na fase pré-dialítica da DRC. Métodos: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo dos níveis de anti-HBs de crianças e adolescentes na fase pré-dialítica da DRC. Resultados: Dos 116 pacientes do estudo, a maior parte foi considerada respondedores excelentes, obtendo nas três titulagens percentuais de 70,7%, 62,1% e 54,9%, respectivamente. Os níveis de anti-HBs apresentaram uma correlação negativa com o tempo de vacinação (Kendall Tau-b = - 0,16; p = 0,02). Conclusão: Conclui-se que a maior parte da população do estudo apresenta níveis de anti-HBs excelentes, ocorrendo uma queda progressiva da titulagem ao longo do tempo.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Hepatitis B Vaccines , Hepatitis B Antibodies/blood , Kidney Failure, Chronic/blood , Retrospective Studies , Cohort Studies , Renal Dialysis , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Monitoring, PhysiologicABSTRACT
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious public health problem whose prevalence has increased in the last few years. Its progression is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Several factors are associated with the onset and progression of CKD, such as obesity, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Beyond these factors, there is evidence of a pathophysiological role for inflammation in CKD. Several cytokines and chemokines have been detected in the plasma and urine of patients at early stages of CKD, and have also been related to CKD complications. The expression of these mediators and renal injury may be influenced by drugs such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, statins and antagonists of cytokine receptors. Modulation of the immune-inflammatory response can become a target for CKD treatment. The aim of this study was to review the scientific evidence on the role of inflammation in CKD, especially the effects of cytokines and chemokines.
Subject(s)
Cytokines/physiology , Inflammation/immunology , Kidney Failure, Chronic/immunology , Biomarkers , Humans , Inflammation/etiology , Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications , Kidney Glomerulus , Renin-Angiotensin System/physiologyABSTRACT
A doença renal crônica (DRC) é um grave problema de saúde pública cuja prevalência tem aumentado nos últimos anos. Apresenta caráter progressivo e está associada à elevada morbidade e mortalidade. Inúmeros fatores estão associados à instalação e progressão da DRC, tais como obesidade, hipertensão arterial e diabetes mellitus. Além desses fatores, existem evidências de inflamação na fisiopatologia da DRC. Diversas citocinas e quimiocinas têm sido detectadas no plasma e urina de pacientes em estágios precoces da DRC e também relacionadas às complicações da doença. A expressão desses mediadores e a lesão renal sofrem interferência de fármacos como inibidores de enzima conversora de angiotensina (ECA), estatinas e antagonistas de receptores de citocinas. A modulação da resposta imuno-inflamatória pode se tornar alvo para tratamento da DRC. O objetivo deste artigo de revisão foi resumir as evidências científicas do pa-pel da inflamação na DRC, destacando-se os efeitos de citocinas e quimiocinas.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious public health problem whose prevalence has increased in the last few years. Its progression is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Several factors are associated with the onset and progression of CKD, such as obesity, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Beyond these factors, there is evidence of a pathophysiological role for inflammation in CKD. Several cytokines and chemokines have been detected in the plasma and urine of patients at early stages of CKD, and have also been related to CKD complications. The expression of these mediators and renal injury may be influenced by drugs such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, statins and antagonists of cytokine receptors. Modulation of the immune-inflammatory response can become a target for CKD treatment. The aim of this study was to review the scientific evidence on the role of inflammation in CKD, especially the effects of cytokines and chemokines.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cytokines/physiology , Inflammation/immunology , Kidney Failure, Chronic/immunology , Biomarkers , Inflammation/etiology , Kidney Glomerulus , Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications , Renin-Angiotensin System/physiologyABSTRACT
A insuficiência renal crônica é uma doença pouco freqüente na faixa etária pediátrica. mas que acarreta morbimortalidade significativa, além de repercussões sociais e familiares graves e alto custo para o seu tratamento. Em 1990, foi implementado o Programa Interdisciplinar de Prevenção e Tratamento da Insuficiência Renal Crônica em Crianças e Adolescentes no HC-UFMG. A presente revisão da literatura internacional foi motivada pela experiência desse grupo interdisciplinar no tratamento conservador da insuficiência renal antes da necessidade de diálise ou transplante renal. Neste estudo foram revisados o contexto atual da insuficiência renal crônica e suas repercussões em termos de saúde individual e coletiva, com ênfase nos estudos que mostram os possíveis benefícios de um atendimento sistemático e interdisciplinar desses pacientes antes do início da diálise ou do transplante renal.
Chronic renal insufficience is an unusual disease among children, however it causes high mortality rate as well as social problems, and it demands a very expensive treatment. In 1990, o Programa Interdisciplinar de Prevenção w and Tratamento de Insuficiência Renal Crônica de Crianças e Adolescentes was implemented in the HC UFMG. The present review was based on the experience of this interdisciplinar group in the conservative management of the renal insufficience before the dyalisis or renaltransplant. In this study, the current context of the chronic renal insufficience and its repercussions in terms of individual and public health had been revised, with emphasis in the studies that show the possible benefits of a systematic and interdisciplinary management of these patients.