ABSTRACT
Thyroid nodule is a health problem which commonly found in daily practice, therefore clinical guidance is needed. This guideline was compiled by a multidisciplinary team and expected to be a guideline in diagnosing thyroid nodules on daily clinical practice.
Subject(s)
Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis , Thyroid Nodule/diagnosis , Biopsy, Fine-Needle , Diagnosis, Differential , Diagnostic Imaging/methods , Humans , Indonesia , Tertiary Care CentersABSTRACT
Graves' ophthalmopathy is the most common extra-thyroid manifestation in patients with Graves' disease, based on inflammatory and autoimmune conditions in orbital tissue. This practical guideline was formed by a multidiciplinary team, and is intended to provide guidance for diagnosis and management of Graves' ophthalmopathy in daily clinical practice to improve quality of care and treatment outcome.
Subject(s)
Graves Ophthalmopathy/diagnosis , Graves Ophthalmopathy/therapy , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Combined Modality Therapy , Decompression, Surgical , Disease Management , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Graves Ophthalmopathy/drug therapy , Graves Ophthalmopathy/radiotherapy , Humans , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Radiotherapy Dosage , Radiotherapy, Conformal/methods , Risk AssessmentABSTRACT
Primary hyperparathyroidism is a medical condition caused by overactive of parathyroid gland. It is most commonly caused by solitary adenoma of the parathyroid gland. Other causes of this condition are hyperplasia, multiple adenomas, and parathyroid cancer. Primary hyperparathyroidism has some metabolic consequences in the calcium metabolism. Hypercalcemia in patient with primary hyperparathyroidism will resulted to the most important comorbidity that is chronic deposition of calcium in the kidney forming nephrolithiasis or other urolithiasis. It is not uncommon, patient with parathyroid adenoma come to health care professionals with the chief complain of recurrence nephrolithiasis.
Subject(s)
Adenoma/complications , Calcium/metabolism , Hyperparathyroidism, Primary/etiology , Parathyroid Glands/pathology , Parathyroid Neoplasms/complications , Adenoma/diagnosis , Adult , Biopsy , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Hyperparathyroidism, Primary/diagnosis , Hyperplasia , Parathyroid Glands/diagnostic imaging , Parathyroid Glands/metabolism , Parathyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis , Recurrence , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
AIM: To obtain the prevalence of dyslipidemia and other cardiovascular risk factors in subjects with undiagnosed DM in Jakarta, Indonesia. METHODS: Data were obtained from surveillance of primary non-communicable disease in five regions in Jakarta, Indonesia, conducted in 2006. Targeting for 1,800 samples, we performed a purposive and simple random sampling of subjects within the age range of 25-64 years old in selected sampling areas, and stratified random sampling by adjusting to age and sex within those selected sampling areas. DM was diagnosed according to WHO criteria after an oral glucose test, i.e fasting blood glucose > or = 126 mg/dL or post loading blood glucose > or = 200 mg/dL and subjects had no history of DM. Dyslipidemia was diagnosed if triglyceride > or = 150 mg/dL, HDL-cholesterol in men < 40 mg/dL or < 50 mg/dL in women and total cholesterol > or = 200 mg/dL. RESULTS: From 1,591 subjects, comprising 640 men and 951 women, the prevalence of newly diagnosed DM is 8.4%. Among this subjects, the prevalences of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-cholesterol are 66.1 (OR 2.28; P=0.004), 54.3 (OR 3.02; P= 0.0001) and 38.6% (OR 2.27; P=0.009) respectively. The prevalence of dyslipidemia in subjects with newly diagnosed DM remains higher among all age groups than that in subjects without DM. CONCLUSION: the prevalence of dyslipidemia among subjects with newly diagnosed DM is higher than that in subjects without DM.