ABSTRACT
Pulmonary cryptococcosis, although rare, maybe seen in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. Cryptococcosis presenting as a lung mass mimicking lung cancer is very rare. Here, we report our experience with pulmonary cryptococcosis presenting as a lung mass mimicking malignancy in an immunocompetent patient. In this case, the patient presented to us with left-sided pleural effusion and lung mass on computed tomography (CT) of the chest. Bronchoscopy and endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was performed, which showed cryptococcal organisms. He responded well to oral anti-fungal therapy without any need for surgical interventions.
ABSTRACT
Observation of episodes of sleepwalking and prolonged partial sleep paralysis in the same patient is a rare condition. We present a case of 42 years gentleman who presented with recurrent episodes of sleepwalking and prolonged incomplete sleep paralysis. He was on tablet divalproate 1000mg/day and tablet olanzapine 5mg/day in view of a psychotic episode that occurred 4 years ago. Polysomnography suggested presence of moderate obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with intrusion of alpha waves in sleep. Considering only one psychotic episode with no other risk factors, these medications were gradually tapered and discontinued. Symptoms improved after tablet clonazepam 0.5mg at bedtime even while he was not compliant to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).
ABSTRACT
Globally during this time of Covid-19 pandemic health care services are overhelmed and it has negative impact on other diseases like Tuberculosis (TB). High TB burden countries like India despite being faced by several other problems in present times, is continuously trying to provide uninterrupted services to TB patients through the national programs. In this general perspective we have shared our opinion on problems faced by TB patients in the times of covid-19.
Subject(s)
COVID-19/epidemiology , Patient Care Management , Tuberculosis , Humans , India/epidemiology , National Health Programs , Patient Care Management/methods , Patient Care Management/organization & administration , SARS-CoV-2 , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Tuberculosis/therapyABSTRACT
Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) carries a high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Pulmonary embolism (PE) and AECOPD increase the mortality and morbidity risk associated with each other. Racial and ethnic differences in VTE risk have been documented in multiple studies. However, there is a dearth of reliable Indian data on the same. This study was planned to find the prevalence of VTE in the setting of severe AECOPD in a tertiary care hospital in India and to identify the clinical, laboratory and radiological characteristics of VTE in severe AECOPD. A total of 156 consecutive patients admitted with severe AECOPD and meeting the specified inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited. Thorough workup of all patients was done including ABG, serum D dimer, ECG, compression ultrasound of lower limbs and 2-D echocardiography. Patients with high pre-test probability score, or intermediate pre-test probability score at presentation with serum D dimer above the age adjusted cut-off underwent computerised tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA). Results were analysed using SPSS version 23. Sixteen (10.3%) patients had VTE, 15 (93.75%) of them being cases of isolated PE. Female gender, higher cumulative past exposure to corticosteroid, higher alveolar-arterial gradient, right ventricular dysfunction, and higher mean pulmonary artery pressure were associated with increased risk for VTE. The prevalence of VTE in AECOPD in this study among an Indian population is higher than among other Asians, but lower than among the Blacks, the Caucasians and the Middle-East ethnicities. Since a vast majority of VTE presents as PE without DVT in the setting of AECOPD, the absence of deep vein thrombosis of lower limbs does not rule PE in the setting.