Hemofilia B, un sangrado atípicamente abundante durante una prueba rutinaria de un neonato / Hemophilia B, an atypically heavy bleeding during a routine test of a newborn

La hemofilia B es un trastorno hematológico producido por el déficit del factor IX. Aunque generalmente se diagnostica cuando el lactante inicia el gateo o deambulación en forma de hemartros o hemorragias musculares, en este caso el debut es a los 3 días de vida, con un sangrado abundante atípico durante una prueba de rutina. La exploración y pruebas complementarias (hemograma, coagulación, ecografías de partes blandas y grandes articulaciones) no revelaron datos de gravedad. El factor IX, que determina la gravedad, pasó del 1% a un 3% en 24 horas por lo que no precisó de tratamiento (AU)

Hemophilia B is a blood disorder caused by a deficiency of factor IX. Although it is usually diagnosed when the infant starts crawling or walking through the detection of hemarthrosis or muscle bleeds, in this case the onset occurred at 3 days of age with detection of heavy atypical bleeding during a routine test. The examination and additional testing (blood count, coagulation, ultrasound of soft tissue and large joints) did not evince severe disease. Factor IX, which determines the severity, increased from 1% to 3% in 24 hours, so treatment was not required. (AU)

[Arterial hypertension and sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome in primary care]. / Hipertensión arterial y síndrome de apneas-hipoapneas del sueño en atención primaria.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) is frequent in hypertensive patients and plays a role in a greater incidence of cardiovascular morbidity-mortality. This study aims to know the clinical profile of hypertensive patients with SAHS compared to hypertensive patients without SAHS to know which variables should be used to orient their screening from primary care. METHODOLOGY: An observational, descriptive, retrospective study of cases (hypertensive patients with SAHS) and controls (hypertensive patients without) was performed in an urban health care center. Based on a computerized registry of the site, patients diagnosed of SAHS and hypertension over 30 years of age were selected. For each case, one control case of hypertensive patients without SAHS paired by age and gender was randomly obtained. RESULTS: A total of 64 cases and 64 controls were selected. Standing out in the bivariate analysis were greater BMI (34.3±12.8 vs. 28.6±3.6), predominance of obesity (70.3 vs. 35.9%), metabolic syndrome (77.3 vs. 42.2%), consumption of psychopharmaceuticals (19.7 vs. 7.8%) and anithypertensive drugs (26.5 vs. 14.0%), ischemic heart disease (20.3 vs. 9.4%) in the case group versus control group (P<.05 for all the variables). The multivariate analysis showed that only the presence of metabolic syndrome was related with the presence of SAHS in hypertensive patients (OR 4.65; 95% CI: 2.03-10.64; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: Screening for SAHS should be performed in hypertensive patients seen in primary care if they have metabolic syndrome criteria.

Hipertensión arterial y síndrome de apneas-hipoapneas del sueño en atención primaria / Arterial hypertension and sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome in primary care

Introducción y objetivos: El síndrome de apneas-hipoapneas del sueño (SAHS) es frecuente en pacientes hipertensos e influye en una mayor incidencia de morbimortalidad cardiovascular. El objetivo es conocer cuál es el perfil clínico de hipertensos con SAHS en comparación con hipertensos sin SAHS para conocer qué variables han de permitir orientar su cribado desde Atención Primaria. Metodología: Estudio observacional retrospectivo descriptivo de casos (hipertensos con SAHS) y controles (hipertensos sin SAHS), realizado en un centro de salud urbano. A partir del registro informatizado del centro se seleccionó a los pacientes diagnosticados de SAHS e hipertensión mayores de 30 años. Por cada caso se obtuvo, aleatoriamente y apareando por edad y sexo, hipertensos sin SAHS. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 64 casos y 64 controles. En el análisis bivariante destacaba un mayor IMC (34,3 ± 12,8 vs. 28,6 ± 3,6), predominio de obesidad (70,3 vs. 35,9%), síndrome metabólico (77,3 vs. 42,2%), consumo de psicofármacos (19,7 vs. 7,8%) y antihipertensivos (26,5 vs. 14,0%), cardiopatía isquémica (20,3 vs. 9,4%) en el grupo de casos respecto al grupo controles (p < 0,05 para todas las variables). El análisis multivariante mostró que únicamente presentar síndrome metabólico se relacionaba con la presencia de SAHS en hipertensos (OR 4,65; IC 95%: 2,03-10,64; p < 0,001). Conclusiones: En hipertensos atendidos en Atención Primaria se debería realizar el cribado de SAHS si presentan criterios de síndrome metabólico

Introduction and objectives: Sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) is frequent in hypertensive patients and plays a role in a greater incidence of cardiovascular morbidity-mortality. This study aims to know the clinical profile of hypertensive patients with SAHS compared to hypertensive patients without SAHS to know which variables should be used to orient their screening from primary care. Methodology: An observational, descriptive, retrospective study of cases (hypertensive patients with SAHS) and controls (hypertensive patients without) was performed in an urban health care center. Based on a computerized registry of the site, patients diagnosed of SAHS and hypertension over 30 years of age were selected. For each case, one control case of hypertensive patients without SAHS paired by age and gender was randomly obtained. Results: A total of 64 cases and 64 controls were selected. Standing out in the bivariate analysis were greater BMI (34.3 ± 12.8 vs. 28.6 ± 3.6), predominance of obesity (70.3 vs. 35.9%), metabolic syndrome (77.3 vs. 42.2%), consumption of psychopharmaceuticals (19.7 vs. 7.8%) and anithypertensive drugs (26.5 vs. 14.0%), ischemic heart disease (20.3 vs. 9.4%) in the case group versus control group (P<.05 for all the variables). The multivariate analysis showed that only the presence of metabolic syndrome was related with the presence of SAHS in hypertensive patients (OR 4.65; 95% CI: 2.03-10.64; P<.001). Conclusions: Screening for SAHS should be performed in hypertensive patients seen in primary care if they have metabolic syndrome criteria

Excellence of numerical differentiation method in calculating the coefficients of high temperature series expansion of the free energy and convergence problem of the expansion.

In this paper, it is shown that the numerical differentiation method in performing the coupling parameter series expansion [S. Zhou, J. Chem. Phys. 125, 144518 (2006); AIP Adv. 1, 040703 (2011)] excels at calculating the coefficients ai of hard sphere high temperature series expansion (HS-HTSE) of the free energy. Both canonical ensemble and isothermal-isobaric ensemble Monte Carlo simulations for fluid interacting through a hard sphere attractive Yukawa (HSAY) potential with extremely short ranges and at very low temperatures are performed, and the resulting two sets of data of thermodynamic properties are in excellent agreement with each other, and well qualified to be used for assessing convergence of the HS-HTSE for the HSAY fluid. Results of valuation are that (i) by referring to the results of a hard sphere square well fluid [S. Zhou, J. Chem. Phys. 139, 124111 (2013)], it is found that existence of partial sum limit of the high temperature series expansion series and consistency between the limit value and the true solution depend on both the potential shapes and temperatures considered. (ii) For the extremely short range HSAY potential, the HS-HTSE coefficients ai falls rapidly with the order i, and the HS-HTSE converges from fourth order; however, it does not converge exactly to the true solution at reduced temperatures lower than 0.5, wherein difference between the partial sum limit of the HS-HTSE series and the simulation result tends to become more evident. Something worth mentioning is that before the convergence order is reached, the preceding truncation is always improved by the succeeding one, and the fourth- and higher-order truncations give the most dependable and qualitatively always correct thermodynamic results for the HSAY fluid even at low reduced temperatures to 0.25.

Monte Carlo and theoretical calculations of the first four perturbation coefficients in the high temperature series expansion of the free energy for discrete and core-softened potential models.

The first four perturbation coefficients in the expansion of the Helmholtz free energy in power series of the inverse of the reduced temperature for a number of potential models with hard-sphere cores plus core-softened and discontinuous tails are obtained from Monte Carlo simulations. The potential models considered include square-well, double square-well, and square-shoulder plus square-well, with different potential parameters. These simulation data are used to evaluate the performance of a traditional macroscopic compressibility approximation (MCA) for the second order coefficient and a recent coupling parameter series expansion (CPSE) for the first four coefficients. Comprehensive comparison indicates the incapability of the MCA for the second order coefficient in most non-stringent situations, and significance of the CPSE in accurately calculating these four coefficients.

The first three coefficients in the high temperature series expansion of free energy for simple potential models with hard-sphere cores and continuous tails.

The first three coefficients of the high temperature series expansion (HTSE) of the Helmholtz free energy for a number of simple potential models with hard-sphere cores plus continuous tails are obtained for the first time from Monte Carlo simulations. The potential models considered include Square-well, Sutherland, attractive Yukawa, and triangle-well with different potential ranges, as well as a model potential qualitatively resembling the depletion potential in colloidal dispersions. The simulation data are used to evaluate performance of a recent coupling parameter series expansion (CPSE) in calculating for these coefficients, and a traditional macroscopic compressibility approximation (MCA) for the second-order coefficient only. A comprehensive comparison based on these coefficients from the two theoretical approaches and simulations enables one to conclude that (i) unlike one common experience that the widely used MCA usually underestimates the second-order coefficient, the MCA can both overestimate and underestimate the second-order coefficient, and worsens as the range of the potential decreases; and (ii) in contrast, the CPSE not only reproduce the trends in the density dependence of the perturbation coefficients, even the third one, observed in the simulations, but also the agreement is quantitative in most cases, and this clearly highlights the potential of the CPSE in providing accurate estimations for the higher-order coefficients, thus giving rise to an accurate higher-order HTSE.

Cognitive neurorehabilitation based on interactive video technology.

Cognitive impairment is the main cause of disability in developed societies. New interactive technologies help therapists in neurorehabilitation in order to increase patients' autonomy and quality of life. This work proposes Interactive Video (IV) as a technology to develop cognitive rehabilitation tasks based on Activities of Daily Living (ADL). ADL cognitive task has been developed and integrated with eye-tracking technology for task interaction and patients' performance monitoring.

[Complications after endothelial keratoplasty: three years of experience]. / Complicaciones tras queratoplastia endotelial: tres años de experiencia.

OBJECTIVE: To study the complications after Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK). METHODS: Retrospective study of 75 eyes in 67 patients with Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy or bullous keratopathy operated on in the Instituto de Oftalmología La Arruzafa from March, 2007 until March, 2010. Phacoemulsification and IOL implantation was involved in 30 cases. All surgical and post-surgical complications, as well as the endothelial cell density were recorded. RESULTS: Graft detachment was the most common complication: 17 cases (22.5%); 16 of them resolved with reintroduction of air in the anterior chamber. The rate of detachment in cases without capsular support (8 eyes) increased up to 50%. Five cases had primary graft failure and, in 2 cases, a medium term failure was observed. Only one case of endothelial rejection was observed (1.3%). Five eyes (6.5%) developed a pupillary block, but of them were solved with the aspiration of the air. In one eye (1.3%), a posterior capsule rupture was observed during the phacoemulsification. This case ended with a retinal detachment. The endothelial cell loss was 42.75%. CONCLUSIONS: DSAEK is an effective surgical technique to resolve the corneal oedema due to endothelial failure; however, complications are not uncommon. Graft detachment is the most common complication, but is usually resolved with re-bubbling. There is an evident learning curve and the surgical trauma to the endothelium is the most important factor that influences the endothelial cell loss.

Complicaciones tras queratoplastia endotelial: tres años de experiencia / Complications after endothelial keratoplasty: three years of experience

ObjetivoExaminar las complicaciones tras queratoplastia endotelial automatizada con disección de la membrana de Descemet (DSAEK).MétodosRevisión retrospectiva de 75 cirugías de DSAEK en 67 pacientes con distrofia endotelial de Fuchs o queratopatía bullosa realizadas en el Instituto de Oftalmología La Arruzafa desde marzo de 2007 hasta marzo de 2010. En 30 casos se asoció facoemulsificación e implante de LIO. Todas las complicaciones intraoperatorias y postoperatorias fueron registradas, además de la densidad celular endotelial.ResultadosLa dislocación del disco fue la complicación más frecuente: 17 casos (22,5%); 16 se resolvieron con la reintroducción de aire en cámara anterior. La tasa de desprendimiento del injerto fue del 50% en los 8 ojos sin soporte capsular. En 5 casos se produjo un fracaso primario del injerto y en 2 (2,6%) el injerto ha fracasado a medio plazo; solo tenemos un caso de rechazo endotelial (1,3%). Cinco ojos (6,5%) desarrollaron un bloqueo pupilar postquirúrgico que se resolvió tras la extracción del aire. Un ojo (1,3%) con rotura capsular posterior durante la cirugía desarrolló al año un desprendimiento de retina. La pérdida celular media fue del 42,75%.ConclusionesDSAEK ha demostrado ser un tratamiento efectivo para la disfunción endotelial; sin embargo no está exenta de complicaciones. La dislocación del disco es la complicación más frecuente siendo resuelta tras la reintroducción de aire en la mayoría de los casos. Existe una curva de aprendizaje y el traumatismo intraoperatorio es un factor relacionado con la pérdida endotelial(AU)

ObjectiveTo study the complications after Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK).MethodsRetrospective study of 75 eyes in 67 patients with Fuchs’ endothelial dystrophy or bullous keratopathy operated on in the Instituto de Oftalmología La Arruzafa from March, 2007 until March, 2010. Phacoemulsification and IOL implantation was involved in 30 cases. All surgical and post-surgical complications, as well as the endothelial cell density were recorded.ResultsGraft detachment was the most common complication: 17 cases (22.5%); 16 of them resolved with reintroduction of air in the anterior chamber. The rate of detachment in cases without capsular support (8 eyes) increased up to 50%. Five cases had primary graft failure and, in 2 cases, a medium term failure was observed. Only one case of endothelial rejection was observed (1.3%). Five eyes (6.5%) developed a pupillary block, but of them were solved with the aspiration of the air. In one eye (1.3%), a posterior capsule rupture was observed during the phacoemulsification. This case ended with a retinal detachment. The endothelial cell loss was 42.75%.ConclusionsDSAEK is an effective surgical technique to resolve the corneal oedema due to endothelial failure; however, complications are not uncommon. Graft detachment is the most common complication, but is usually resolved with re-bubbling. There is an evident learning curve and the surgical trauma to the endothelium is the most important factor that influences the endothelial cell loss(AU)

[Functional results after endothelial queratoplasty: three years of experience]. / Resultados funcionales tras queratoplastia endotelial: tres años de experiencia.

OBJECTIVE: To study the refractive and visual results after Descemet's stripping automated endothelial queratoplasty (DSAEK). METHODS: Retrospective study of 75 eyes in 67 patients with Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy or bullous queratopathy operated on in the Instituto de Oftalmología La Arruzafa from March, 2007 until March, 2010. Phacoemulsification and IOL implantation was involved in 30 cases. We divided all cases into three groups, depending on the potential visual acuity: A (≤ 0.1), B (0.1-0.5) and C (≥ 0.5). Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) and refraction were measured. RESULTS: Mean CDVA improved 3 lines compared to preoperative values (P<.01). Astigmatism increased by 0.5 dioptres (P=.21). A slight myopic change was found in cases where the donor disc was≥8.5mm, as well as in the cases in which phacoemulsification was associated. No correlation between CDVA and donor disc thickness was found. In the group of patients who only had corneal oedema, the mean CDVA was 0.8. No patients ended with less than 0.6 of CDVA and the mean UCVA was 0.5. CONCLUSIONS: After DSAEK, CDVA improved with a slight hyperopic change, without significant changes in astigmatism. Donor disc thickness does not influence the CDVA. DSAEK is an effective surgical technique to restore a good visual acuity in cases with corneal oedema due to endothelial failure.

Resultados funcionales tras queratoplastia endotelial / Functional results after endothelial queratoplasty: three years of experience

Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados refractivos y visuales tras realizar una queratoplastia endotelialautomatizada con disecci¨®n de la membrana de Descemet (DSAEK).M¨¦todos: Estudio retrospectivo de 75 cirug¨ªas de DSAEK en 67 pacientes con distrofia endotelialde Fuchs o queratopat¨ªa bullosa realizadas en el Instituto de Oftalmolog¨ªa La Arruzafadesde marzo de 2007 hasta marzo de 2010. En 30 casos se asoci¨® facoemulsificaci¨®n eimplante de LIO. Dividimos los casos en 3 grupos seg¨²n el potencial visual: A (¡Ü 0,1), B(0,1-0,5) y C (¡Ý 0,5). Se estudi¨® la agudeza visual sin correcci¨®n (AVSC), la refracci¨®n y laagudeza visual corregida (AVCC).Resultados: La AVCC postoperatoria media (teniendo en cuenta los tres grupos de pacientes)ha mejorado 3 l¨ªneas respecto a la preoperatoria (p < 0,01). El astigmatismo se ha incrementadoen 0,5 dioptr¨ªas (p = 0,21). El equivalente esf¨¦rico entre los injertos ¡Ü8mm con respectoa los ¡Ý8,5 mm revela una leve miopizaci¨®n en el grupo de injertos de mayor di¨¢metro; igualmenteocurre en los casos asociados a facoemulsificaci¨®n. No existe correlaci¨®n entre laAVCC postoperatoria y el grosor del disco corneal. En el grupo C, la media de la AVCC fue de0,8, ning¨²n paciente qued¨® por debajo de 0,6 de AVCC y la media de AVSC fue de 0,5.Conclusiones: Tras DSAEK, la AVCC increment¨® con una ligera hipermetropizaci¨®n, sin cambiosastigm¨¢ticos significativos y sin que influya el grosor del injerto corneal. DSAEK es unat¨¦cnica efectiva para el tratamiento del edema corneal secundario a alteraci¨®n endotelial(AU)

Objective: To study the refractive and visual results after Descemet¡¯s stripping automatedendothelial queratoplasty (DSAEK).Methods: Retrospective study of 75 eyes in 67 patients with Fuchs¡¯ endothelial dystrophy orbullous queratopathy operated on in the Instituto de Oftalmolog¨ªa La Arruzafa from March, 2007 until March, 2010. Phacoemulsification and IOL implantation was involved in 30 cases.We divided all cases into three groups, depending on the potential visual acuity: A (¡Ü 0.1), B(0.1-0.5) and C (¡Ý 0.5). Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCVA), corrected distance visualacuity (CDVA) and refraction were measured.Results: Mean CDVA improved 3 lines compared to preoperative values (P < .01). Astigmatismincreased by 0.5 dioptres (P = .21).Aslightmyopic changewas found in cases where the donordisc was¡Ý8.5mm, as well as in the cases in which phacoemulsification was associated. Nocorrelation between CDVA and donor disc thicknesswas found. In the group of patients whoonly had corneal oedema, the mean CDVA was 0.8. No patients ended with less than 0.6 ofCDVA and the mean UCVA was 0.5.Conclusions: After DSAEK,CDVAimproved with a slight hyperopic change, without significantchanges in astigmatism. Donor disc thickness does not influence the CDVA. DSAEK is aneffective surgical technique to restore a good visual acuity in cases with corneal oedemadue to endothelial failure(AU)

Inquiry into thermodynamic behavior of hard sphere plus repulsive barrier of finite height.

A bridge function approximation is proposed to close the Ornstein-Zernike (OZ) integral equation for fluids with purely repulsive potentials. The performance of the bridge function approximation is then tested by applying the approximation to two kinds of repulsive potentials, namely, the square shoulder potential and the triangle shoulder potential. An extensive comparison between simulation and the OZ approach is performed over a wide density range for the fluid phase and several temperatures. It is found that the agreement between the two routes is excellent for not too low temperatures and satisfactory for extremely low temperatures. Then, this globally trustworthy OZ approach is used to investigate the possible existence or not of a liquid anomaly, i.e., a liquid-liquid phase transition at low temperatures and negative values of the thermal expansion coefficient in certain region of the phase diagram. While the existence of the liquid anomaly in the square shoulder potential has been previously predicted by a traditional first-order thermodynamic perturbation theory (TPT), the present investigation indicates that the liquid-liquid phase transition disappears in the OZ approach, so that its prediction by the first-order TPT is only an artifact originating from the low temperature inadequacy of the first-order TPT. However, the OZ approach indeed predicts negative thermal expansion coefficients. The present bridge function approximation, free of adjustable parameters, is suitable to be used within the context of a recently proposed nonhard sphere perturbation scheme.

Low temperature behavior of thermodynamic perturbation theory.

Monte Carlo simulations have been carried out for a hard sphere square well model fluid with well widths of lambda = 1.01, 1.02 and 1.04 to obtain thermodynamic properties, such as pressure, excess Helmholtz free energy and internal energy, constant volume excess heat capacity, excess chemical potential, and excess enthalpy. The extremely narrow well widths considered allowed us to perform simulations at extremely low temperatures without reaching the liquid-vapour transition, which is metastable for these values of lambda. These simulation data have been used to explore the low temperature behavior of two thermodynamic perturbation theories (TPT), namely a high temperature series expansion truncated at second order within the local compressibility approximation (thereafter denoted as 2nd-order LCA-TPT) and a recently proposed coupling parameter series expansion truncated at 3rd-, 4th- and 5th-order (thereafter denoted as 3rd-order, 4th-order and 5th-order TPT, respectively). It has been found that the 2nd-order LCA-TPT is qualitatively incorrect in most of the cases analyzed, whereas the 3rd-order TPT is quantitatively correct in most of them. With increasing the well width, and consequently the temperatures considered, the 3rd-order TPT quickly becomes more accurate. Among the six thermodynamic quantities analyzed, the one most difficult to predict accurately is the constant volume excess heat capacity, for which the TPT based on the coupling parameter expansion provides satisfactory results only in the case of lambda = 1.04. For the cases studied, the performance of the 3rd-order, 4th-order, and 5th-order TPT are essentially equal; the change of the order of the truncation sometimes results in an improvement of some thermodynamic quantities within certain regions of the thermodynamic surface of states, while worsening in others.

Comprehensive investigation about the second order term of thermodynamic perturbation expansion.

Monte Carlo simulations are carried out for the second order term in the thermodynamic perturbation expansion around a hard sphere reference fluid. The sample potentials considered cover a wide spectrum: From two frequently employed, namely hard sphere plus square well potential and hard core attractive Yukawa potential, to two kinds of repulsive potentials, namely hard sphere plus square shoulder potential and hard sphere plus triangle shoulder potential; the investigated potential range also extends from extremely short range to rather long range. The obtained simulation data are used to evaluate performance of two theoretical approaches, i.e., a traditional macroscopic compressibility approximation (MCA) and a recent coupling parameter expansion. Extensive comparison shows that the coupling parameter expansion provides a reliable method for accurately calculating the second order term of the high temperature series expansion, while the widely accepted MCA fails quantitatively or even qualitatively for most of the situations investigated.

Third-order thermodynamic perturbation theory for effective potentials that model complex fluids.

We have performed Monte Carlo simulations to obtain the thermodynamic properties of fluids with two kinds of hard-core plus attractive-tail or oscillatory potentials. One of them is the square-well potential with small well width. The other is a model potential with oscillatory and decaying tail. Both model potentials are suitable for modeling the effective potential arising in complex fluids and fluid mixtures with extremely-large-size asymmetry, as is the case of the solvent-induced depletion interactions in colloidal dispersions. For the former potential, the compressibility factor, the excess energy, the constant-volume excess heat capacity, and the chemical potential have been obtained. For the second model potential only the first two of these quantities have been obtained. The simulations cover the whole density range for the fluid phase and several temperatures. These simulation data have been used to test the performance of a third-order thermodynamic perturbation theory (TPT) recently developed by one of us [S. Zhou, Phys. Rev. E 74, 031119 (2006)] as compared with the well-known second-order TPT based on the macroscopic compressibility approximation due to Barker and Henderson. It is found that the first of these theories provides much better accuracy than the second one for all thermodynamic properties analyzed for the two effective potential models.

Thermodynamic properties of double square-well fluids: computer simulations and theory.

Computer simulations have been performed to obtain the thermodynamic properties of fluids with double square-well potentials, that is, potentials consisting of two adjacent square wells with different depths. The compressibility factor, excess energy, chemical potential, constant-volume excess heat capacity, and other derived properties have been obtained. These data have been used to test the performance of several perturbation theories for predicting the thermodynamic properties of this kind of fluids. Good agreement is found on the whole between theory and simulation at supercritical temperatures. The possible presence of anomalous behavior at high densities in the fluids considered has been also analyzed in light of the same theories, with the result that in general, they do not predict such anomalous behavior, with the possible exception of a Monte Carlo-based perturbation theory for relatively large potential widths at high densities and very low temperatures.

Thermodynamic properties of model solids with short-ranged potentials from Monte Carlo simulations and perturbation theory.

Monte Carlo simulations have been performed to determine the excess energy and the equation of state of fcc solids with Sutherland potentials for wide ranges of temperatures, densities, and effective potential ranges. The same quantities have been determined within a perturbative scheme by means of two procedures: (i) Monte Carlo simulations performed on the reference hard-sphere system and (ii) second-order Barker-Henderson perturbation theory. The aim was twofold: on the one hand, to test the capability of the "exact" MC-perturbation theory of reproducing the direct MC simulations and, on the other hand, the reliability of the Barker-Henderson perturbation theory, as compared with direct MC simulations and MC-perturbation theory, to determine the thermodynamic properties of these solids depending on temperature, density, and potential range. We have found that the simulation data for the excess energy obtained from the two procedures are in close agreement with each other. For the equation of state, the results from the MC-perturbation procedure also agree well with the direct MC simulations except for very low temperatures and extremely short-ranged potentials. Regarding the Barker-Henderson perturbation theory, we have found that in general the second-order approximation does not provide significant improvement over the first-order one.

[Colostomy morbidity in children with anorectal malformations (ARM)]. / Morbilidad de la colostomía en niños con malformaciones anorrectales (MAR).

OBJECTIVE: To describe the incidence and type of complications presented in the patients with ARM treated with a colostomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The patients data with diagnostic of ARM and colostomy beetween 1994 and 2005 were revised. RESULTS: The colostomy was carried out in other centers in 185 patients (75.2%) and in our institution in 61 (24.8%). Two hundred eleven (85.8%) had a sigmoid colostomy. Only 124 patients had a diverting colostomy. Sigmoid colon was erroneously used as transverse in 2 cases. The space among the ostomies was very scarce in 10 and excessive in 5. The colostomy complications were retraction in 7, prolapse in 7, closure of the distal opening in 5, proximal stenosis in 3, ostomy necrosis in 1 and the paraostomal hernia in 2. Complications related to the colostomy closure were intestinal occlusion in 1, abscess of abdominal wall in 1 and incisional hernia in 2. CONCLUSIONS: The colostomy morbidity in patients with ARM is flashy. This procedure should not be considered a procedure of little complexity by the implications that has in the treatment of the patients with ARM.

Morbilidad de la colostomía en niños con malformaciones anorrectales (MAR) / Colostomy morbidity in children with anorectal malformations (ARM)

Objetivo. Describir la incidencia y el tipo de las complicaciones presentadas en los pacientes con MAR a quienes se les realizó una colostomía. Material y métodos. Se revisaron los datos de 246 pacientes atendidos con diagnóstico de MAR colostomizados entre 1994 y 2005. Resultados. La colostomía fue realizada en otros centros en 185 pacientes (75,2%) y en nuestra institución en 61 (24,8%). Doscientos once (85,8%) tuvieron una colostomía sigmoidea. Sólo en 124 fue completamente desfuncionalizante. Se abocó erróneamente el colon sigmoide como transverso en 2 casos. El espacio entre las bocas fue muy escaso en 10 y excesivo en 5. Las complicaciones propias de la colostomía fueron la retracción en 7, el prolapso en 7, el cierre de la boca distal en 5, la estenosis proximal en 3, la necrosis de las bocas en 1 y la hernia paraostomal en 2. Las complicaciones posteriores al cierre de la colostomía fueron una oclusión intestinal, un absceso de pared abdominal y dos hernias incisionales. Conclusiones. La morbilidad de la colostomía en pacientes con MAR es llamativa. Este procedimiento no debería considerarse una intervención de menor complejidad por las implicaciones que tiene en el manejo de los pacientes con MAR (AU)

OBJECTIVE: To describe the incidence and type of complications presented in the patients with ARM treated with a colostomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The patients data with diagnostic of ARM and colostomy beetween 1994 and 2005 were revised. RESULTS: The colostomy was carried out in other centers in 185 patients (75.2%) and in our institution in 61 (24.8%). Two hundred eleven (85.8%) had a sigmoid colostomy. Only 124 patients had a diverting colostomy. Sigmoid colon was erroneously used as transverse in 2 cases. The space among the ostomies was very scarce in 10 and excessive in 5. The colostomy complications were retraction in 7, prolapse in 7, closure of the distal opening in 5, proximal stenosis in 3, ostomy necrosis in 1 and the paraostomal hernia in 2. Complications related to the colostomy closure were intestinal occlusion in 1, abscess of abdominal wall in 1 and incisional hernia in 2. CONCLUSIONS: The colostomy morbidity in patients with ARM is flashy. This procedure should not be considered a procedure of little complexity by the implications that has in the treatment of the patients with ARM (AU)