The Effect of Encapsulated Propyl Propane Thiosulfonate (PTSO) on Apparent Ileal Digestibility and Productive Performance in Broiler Chickens.

This study analyzed the effects of different dietary doses of encapsulated propyl propane thiosulfonate (Pe-PTSO) on the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of nutrients and productive performance in broilers. A total of 100 one-day-old Cobb 500 were housed in battery cages for 20 days. At 10 days of age, the birds were assigned to one of five diets: negative control (P0), 250 mg/kg of Pe-PTSO (P250), 500 mg/kg of Pe-PTSO (P500), 750 mg/kg of Pe-PTSO (P750), and positive control, nicarbazin-narasin (ION). Titanium dioxide was the external marker, which was added to the diets from day 17 to 20. In the birds fed the P250 diet, there was a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) in the AID values for amino acids and energy compared to those that consumed the P0 diet. Furthermore, the P250 diet significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) the average daily weight gain compared to the P0 diet. No significant differences were observed between treatments in average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio. In summary, the inclusion of 250 mg of encapsulated PTSO per kg in broiler chickens diet improved the digestibility of amino acids and energy, as well as weight gain.

Caregiver burden in caregivers of hospitalized older adults and its associated factors / Sobrecarga do cuidador em cuidadores de idosos hospitalizados e seus fatores associados

AIM: Acute care has some complications in the older adult, a frequently overlooked complication is caregiver burden. Scarce information is available on this matter. Therefore, the objective is to describe the factors associated with caregiver burden at the moment of discharge of a hospitalized older adult, in the Mexican healthcare context. METHOD: This is a secondary analysis of a hospital. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed with caregiving burden (measured with the Zarit scale) as the dependent variable. Other variables were tested in order to assess their association with caregiver burden: sociodemographic, health-related, depression, functionality, social support and hospital length of stay, caregiver expenses, quality of life and satisfaction with received care. RESULTS: A total of 111 older adults with their respective caregivers were assessed. From this sample, the mean age for older adults was 73 years (± standard deviation 7.9 years) and 65.7% (n = 73) were women. Caregiver burden was present in 39.6% (n = 44) of the individuals. Regarding the multivariate analyses, the only variable independently associated with caregiver burden was depression in the older adult, odds ratio 1.12 (95% confidence interval 1­1.25, p = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS: In concordance with previous work on this matter, according to our results depression in the older adult was a trigger of caregiver burden at discharge of acute care.

OBJETIVO: Os cuidados intensivos têm algumas complicações em idosos, e uma frequentemente negligenciada é a sobrecarga do cuidador, sobre a qual pouca informação está disponível. Desse modo, o objetivo deste trabalho é descrever os fatores associados com a sobrecarga do cuidador na alta hospitalar de um paciente idoso no contexto médico mexicano. METODOLOGIA: Esta é uma análise secundária de um hospital. Foram realizadas análises bivariadas e multivariadas tendo a sobrecarga do cuidador (medida com a escala de Zarit) como variável dependente. Outras variáveis foram testadas com o propósito de avaliar a sua associação com a sobrecarga do cuidador: sociodemográficas, de saúde, depressão, funcionalidade, apoio social e duração da estadia hospitalar, despesas do cuidador, qualidade de vida e satisfação com o cuidado recebido. RESULTADOS: Ao todo, 111 idosos com seus cuidadores foram avaliados. Dessa amostra, a idade média dos idosos foi de 73 anos (± desvio-padrão de 7,9 anos) e 65,7% (n=73) eram mulheres. A sobrecarga do cuidador estava presente em 39,6% (n=44) dos indivíduos. Com relação às análises multivariadas, a única variável independentemente associada com a sobrecarga do cuidador foi a depressão nos idosos, com razão de probabilidade de 1,12 (95% intervalo de confiança 1­1.25, p = 0.045). CONCLUSÕES: Em conformidade com trabalhos anteriores realizados sobre este assunto, de acordo com os nossos resultados a depressão nos idosos foi um gatilho para a sobrecarga do cuidador na alta dos cuidados intensivos.

Nutrient addition to corn masa flour: effect on corn flour stability, nutrient loss, and acceptability of fortified corn tortillas.

BACKGROUND: Iron, zinc, and vitamin B complex are among the most prevalent nutritional deficiencies in Mexico, with iron deficiency being the leading cause of anemia. Mexico has the highest per capita consumption of corn in the world, consumed mainly as tortilla. Thus, corn flour for making tortillas has been suggested as an effective strategy to overcome malnutrition in developing countries such as Mexico where corn is a staple food. The stability of micronutrients added to food is an important factor for the success of fortification programs. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the stability of corn flour fortified with micronutrients, and to measure the effect of micronutrient fortification on the sensory quality and stability of the fortificants in fresh and stored tortilla. METHODS: A commercially homogenized nonfortified corn flour (NCFC) produced from degermed white corn was fortified with a premix containing iron, zinc, thiamin, and riboflavin. Changes in thiamin, riboflavin, iron, and zinc content in fortified corn flour (FCF) and nonfortified corn flour (NFCF) during storage were investigated. Vitamin B1 and B2 content was determined by fluorescence spectroscopy while iron and zinc content was analyzed by atomic absorption. RESULTS: Thiamin content in FCF and NFCF showed a significant (p < .05) decrease (24% and 37%, respectively) after 90 days of storage. Riboflavin losses of 18% and 22% were observed for FCF and NFCF, respectively. FCF retained over 90% of iron, while zinc content remained constant. Losses of thiamin (27 to 39%) and riboflavin (37%) were produced during the process to convert corn masa flour into tortillas. CONCLUSIONS: Storage time slightly affected the stability of riboflavin and thiamin in FCF while the cooking process produced considerable losses of both vitamins. Tortillas made from FCF were well accepted by Mexican adults. We conclude that the addition of vitamins and minerals in the forms and quantities used in this study do not modify the shelf-life of corn flour, and neither do they cause sensorial changes in tortillas made from FCF.

Desarrollo y evaluación de suplementos alimenticios para el programa de educación salud y alimentación / Development and evaluation of nutritional supplements for the program on education, health and nutrition

Objetivo. Desarrollar y evaluar suplementos alimenticios destinados a un programa de asistencia social. Material y métodos. Para desarrollar los suplementos alimenticios se establecieron criterios de composición, propiedades fisicoquímicas, así como de facilidad de producción y utilización. Los productos desarrollados se evaluaron inicialmente mediante pruebas sensoriales de nivel de agrado comparativas en 40 niños, 52 mujeres embarazadas y 62 mujeres en periodo de lactancia; posteriormente, se hicieron estudios de aceptación y consumo en 108 niños y 128 mujeres de una comunidad rural del estado de Morelos. Resultados. Se presentan las fórmulas específicas y los procesos para la elaboración de los suplementos alimenticios. En las evaluaciones sensoriales los productos fueron ampliamente aceptados, de tal manera que se presentaron calificaciones promedio de entre 4.11 y 4.29 en la bebida para niños y de entre 3.98 y 4.15 en la papilla (calificaciones promedio de entre 4.75 y 4.15 en la papilla (calificación de 1 a 5). Los productos para mujeres recibieron calificaciones promedio de entre 4.75 y 5.70 en las embarazadas y de entre 4.8 y 5.4 en las que estaban en periodo de lactancia (calificación de 1 a 7). En el estudio en comunidad los suplementos fueron ampliamente aceptados en general. Los consumos promedio fueron > 75 por ciento de lo ofrecido en los niños y > 98 por ciento de lo ofrecido en las mujeres. En promedio las mujeres recibieron 244 Kcal/día, y los niños, 168 Kcal/día con la papilla y 147 Kcal/día con la bebida; en todos los casos se observó consistencia en el consumo a lo largo del tiempo. Conclusiones. Se desarrollaron y evaluaron nueve suplementos alimenticios que cumplen con las características nutricias, fisicoquímicas e higiénicas adecuada para la población objetivo, además de que su elaboración es relativamente sencilla y resultan ampliamente aceptados

Corrientes diadinámicas y galvánicas en el tratamiento de la disfunción emporomandibular

Se evaluó la efectividad de las corrientes diadinámicas y galvánicas en el tratamiento del dolor articular y muscular en pacientes con disfunción temporomandibular. Se utilizó el índice de dolor presente (IDP) para valorar el dolor antes y después del tratamiento. La muestra fue de 30 pacientes, los cuales presentaron dolor articular, muscular o ambos. Los pacientes se dividieron en 2 grupos al azar: 15 pacientes para cada tratamiento. Al inicio se indicaron 10 sesiones con una aplicación diaria para cada corriente, posteriormente se evaluó cada caso específico y si lo requería, se aplicaron sesiones extras, se estableció un máximo de 12 aplicaciones. Se obtuvo alivio total del dolor en 24 pacientes (80 % del total de tratados) y los 6 restantes tuvieron un alivio parcial llegando a un valor de (1) para el 20 %. Con las corrientes diadinámicas (CD) 14 pacientes se aliviaron totalmente (93,3 %) y un paciente se alivió parcialmente (6,6 %), el cual acudió con un dolor muy intenso que dificultaba su concentración, es decir, con un índice de dolor (4). Con la corriente galvánica (CG) 10 pacientes se aliviaron totalmente para un 66,6 % y 5 se mantuvieron con un dolor valor (1), de los cuales 3 habían acudido con un dolor valor (4) y 2 con un dolor valor (3). Se destaca que la fisioterapia es aplicable en la primera etapa para eliminar o disminuir el dolor y posteriormente es necesario seguir el tratamiento común en los casos que se requieran, según el factor causal de la disfunción.

Effectiveness of diadynamic and galvanic currents in the treatment of articular and muscular pain was assessed, in patients presentig temporomandibular dysfunction. Actual pain rate (APR) was used to value pain before and after treatment. Sample was composed of 30 patients, having both, articular and muscular pain. Patients were divided in two random groups: 15 to each treatment. Initially, we prescribed 10 sessions with a daily application of each current, later, each specific case was evaluated and if it was necessary, we applied extra sessions, with a maximum of 12 applications. Total relief of pain was acchieved in 24 patients (80 % of total treated patients) and 6 remaining felt a partial relief, reaching a value of (1) to a 20 %. Using diadynamic currents (DC), 14 patients felt a total relief (93,3 %), and 1 patient felt a partial relief (6,6 %), who came to our service because of a very acute pain hampering him to concentrate, i.e. with a pain rate of (4). In case of galvanic current (GC), 10 patients felt a total relief, to a 66,6 % and 5 remained with a pain value (1), of whom 3 had a pain value (3). We emphasize that physical therapy is applicable in first stage, to eliminate of to decrease pain and later, it is necessary to pursue the usual treatment in cases requiring it, according to causal factor of dysfunction.