[Overview of risk factors for stress urinary incontinence and strategies in its prevention and treatment].

Stress urinary incontinence is a medical problem that afflicts women worldwide. The causes can be mainly divided into 4 parts: increased abdominal pressure and chronic ischemia of pelvic floor muscles, endocrine changes, pelvic structural damages, inflammatory and consumptive states. The choice of prevention and treatment should also be based on a comprehensive assessment of individualized factors. Treatment techniques which are more minimally invasive or even non-invasive than surgery are currently a hot topic of research in the field of pelvic floor and urinary control, including laser and radiofrequency therapy, periurethral injection therapy, exogenous stem cell therapy and technology for activation of endogenous stem cells. They are expected to solve the clinical problem of stress urinary incontinence with a wider scope of application, lower trauma and fewer complications in the future.

[Prevalence and influencing factors of Enterobius vermicularis infections among children in Fanxian County of Henan Province in 2019].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of Enterobius vermicularis infections among children in Fanxian County, Henan Province in 2019, so as to provide insights into the management of enterobiasis. METHODS: Five kindergartens were selected in urban and rural areas of Fanxian County, Henan Province using the stratified sampling method in 2019, and a census of E. vermicularis infections was performed among all children in the kindergartens. E. vermicularis eggs were detected using adhesive and scotch cellophane-tape anal swab methods, and the basic characteristics of children and their families, health habits and the kindergartens' information were investigated with questionnaires. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the risk factors and protective factors of pinworm infection in children. RESULTS: A total of 671 children were tested, and the mean prevalence of E. vermicularis infections was 15.50% (104/671). The prevalence of E. vermicularis infections was higher among children in rural kindergartens (28.13%, 72/256) than in urban kindergartens (7.71%, 32/415) (χ2 = 50.380, P < 0.01), and greater in private kindergartens (32.26%, 60/186) than in public kindergartens (9.07%, 44/485) (χ2 = 55.183, P < 0.01). There was no gender-specific prevalence of E. vermicularis infections among children (χ2 = 1.442, P > 0.05), and the prevalence of E. vermicularis infections presented a tendency towards a rise with age (χ2trend = 8.373, P < 0.05) and school grade (χ2trend = 30.274, P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis identified rural kindergartens and high grades as risk factors, and separate washing of children's and adults' cloths, frequent bathing and frequent dinnerware disinfection in kindergartens as protective factors for E. vermicularis infections among children. In addition, there was no significant difference in the detection of E. vermicularis infections among children by using adhesive (73.08%, 76/104) and scotch cellophane-tape anal swab methods (56.73%, 59/104) (χ2 = 3.959, P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of E. vermicularis infection is high among children in Fanxian Country, Henan Province. Health education and surveillance of enterobiasis are required to be intensified among children in rural kindergartens and senior grades and their parents and teachers.

Beneficial effects of the herbal medicine Di Huang Yin Zi in patients with spinal cord injury: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the safety and therapeutic efficacy of Di Huang Yin Zi (DHYZ), a traditional Chinese decoction used to treat neurological disorders, in spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, patients with traumatic SCI and American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment grades B-D were randomized to receive DHYZ (n = 30) or placebo (n = 30) for 12 weeks. Both groups also received rehabilitation therapy during the study period. Motor and sensory function and activities of daily living (ADL) were assessed before treatment and at 4-week intervals. RESULTS: Significantly more patients in the DHYZ group showed an improved ASIA impairment grade during the treatment period (32.1%) compared with the placebo group (10.3%), and scores for sensory and motor function and ADL at the end of the treatment period were significantly higher in the DHYZ group than in the placebo group. No serious side-effects were reported. CONCLUSIONS: DHYZ was found to improve neurological function in patients with SCI and may be an effective adjuvant therapy to enhance functional recovery.

[Studies on the chemical constituents of Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. var. officinalis (Dode) Huang].

AIM: To study the chemical constituents of the unriped fruits from Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. var. officinalis (Dode) Huang. METHODS: Various chromatographic techniques were used to separate and purify the constituents. Their structures were elucidated on the physico-chemical properties and spectral data. RESULTS: A lot of compounds were isolated of the unriped fruits from Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. var. officinalis (Dode) Huang. This paper reports mainly compounds identified as shihulimonin A, emodin, physcion, chrysophanol and limonin. CONCLUSION: Shihulimonin A is a new compound. Emodin, physcion and chrysophanol were isolated from the Evodia for the first time.

[Studies on constituents in Uncaria macrophylla Wall].

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents of Uncaria macrophylla. METHOD: Compounds were isolated by Columu Chromatography, and the structures were identified by NMR spectral data and other methods. RESULT AND CONCLUSION: Six compounds were isolated and identified as ursolic acid, 3 beta-6 beta-23-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid, 3 beta, 6 beta, 19 alpha-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid, epicatechin, beta-sitosterol and daucosterin. All the compounds were isolated for the first time from the plant.

[Studies on the metabolism of gentiopicroside by rat intestinal flora].

OBJECTIVE: To study the metabolism of gentiopicroside by rat intestinal flora in vitro and time profiles of gentiopicroside and its metabolites in rat serum after oral administration of gentiopicroside. METHOD: Using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for determination of gentiopicroside, gentianine and gentianal content of rat intestinal flora culture medium in vitro and rat serum sample in vivo. RESULT: Gentiopicroside was metabolized quickly in vitro by rat intestinal flora, consequently gentianine and gentianal content appeared. Gentianine and gentianal were observed after gentiopicroside oral administration 4 times in rat serum sample, and gentiopicroside content decreased after oral administration 6 times. CONCLUSION: Gentianine and gentianal were the important bioactive metabolites of gentiopicroside in rats.