Integrating Light Diffusion and Conversion Layers for Highly Efficient Multicolored Fiber-Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells.

Fiber solar cells as promising wearable power supplies have attracted increasing attentions recently, while further breakthrough on their power conversion efficiency (PCE) and realization of multicolored appearances remain urgent needs particularly in real-world applications. Here, a fiber-dye-sensitized solar cell (FDSSC) integrated with a light diffusion layer composed of alumina/polyurethane film on the outmost encapsulating tube and a light conversion layer made from phosphors/TiO2/poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) film on the inner counter electrode is designed. The incident light is diffused to more surfaces of fiber electrodes, then converted on counter electrode and reflected to neighboring photoanode, so the FDSSC efficiently takes advantage of the fiber shape for remarkably enhanced light harvesting, producing a record PCE of 13.11%. These efficient FDSSCs also realize color-tunable appearances, improving their designability and compatibility with textiles. They are further integrated with fiber batteries as power systems, providing a power solution for wearables and emerging smart textiles.

Indoor Photovoltaic Fiber with an Efficiency of 25.53% under 1500 Lux Illumination.

Photovoltaic devices represent an efficient electricity generation mode. Integrating them into textiles offers exciting opportunities for smart electronic textiles-with the ultimate goal of supplying power for wearable technology-which is poised to change how electronic devices are designed. Many human activities occur indoors, so realizing indoor photovoltaic fibers (IPVFs) that can be woven into textiles to power wearables is critical, although currently unavailable. Here, a dye-sensitized IPVF is constructed by incorporating titanium dioxide nanoparticles into aligned nanotubes to produce close contact and stable interfaces among active layers on a curved fiber substrate, thus presenting efficient charge transport and low charge recombination in the photoanode. With the combination of highly conductive core-sheath Ti/carbon nanotube fiber as a counter electrode, the IPVF shows a certified power conversion efficiency of 25.53% under 1500 lux illuminance. Its performance variation is below 5% after bending, twisting, or pressing for 1000 cycles. These IPVFs are further integrated with fiber batteries as self-charging power textiles, which are demonstrated to effectively supply electricity for wearables, solving the power supply problem in this important direction.

AMHconverter: an online tool for converting results between the different anti-Müllerian hormone assays of Roche Elecsys®, Beckman Access, and Kangrun.

Background: The anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is gaining attention as a key factor in determining ovarian reserve and polycystic ovarian syndrome, and its clinical applications are becoming more widespread worldwide. Objective: To identify the most accurate formula for converting AMH assay results between different platforms, so that the developed AMH converter can be used to reduce the need for multiple AMH tests at different hospitals. Methods: Assuming that the Beckman Access, Kangrun, and Roche Elecsys® AMH assays fit a linear relationship from the lowest to the highest concentration (a global relationship), we used Passing-Bablok regression to determine the conversion equation between each two assays. When the relationship between two AMH assays was a local one, spline regression was used. Bland-Altman plots were drawn to check systemic bias and heterogeneity of variance across different ranges of values. The fitting effects of the models were evaluated using the squared coefficient of determination (r2), adjusted r2, root mean square error (RMSE), Akaike information criterion (AIC), and corrected AIC. Results: The coefficient of variance for multiple controls in the Kangrun, Roche, and Beckman assays was lower than 5%, and the bias of multiple controls was lower than 7%. A global linear relationship was observed between the Kangrun and Roche assays, with the intercept being zero, for which Passing-Bablok regression was employed for data conversion between the two platforms. For the other two pairs of platforms, i.e., Roche and Kangrun or Beckman and Kangrun, spline regression was applied, with the intercepts not including zero. The six corresponding formulas were developed into an online AMH converter (http://121.43.113.123:8006/). Conclusion: This is the first time Passing-Bablok plus spline regression has been used to convert AMH concentrations from one assay to another. The formulas have been developed into an online tool, which makes them convenient to use in practical applications.

Polymeric Unimolecular CO Dehydrogenase Mimic with both Inner and Outer Spheres for Enhanced Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction in Aqueous Solution.

Inspired by carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH), mimicking its inner and outer spheres is a promising strategy in CO2 reduction catalyst design. However, artificial CODH-like catalysts are generally limited to the inner sphere effect and only applicable in organic solvents or for electrocatalysis. Herein, an aqueous CODH mimic with both inner and outer spheres for photocatalysis is reported. In this polymeric unimolecular catalyst, the inner sphere is composed of cobalt porphyrin with four appended amido groups and the outer sphere consists of four poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) arms. Upon visible light irradiation (λ >420 nm), the as-prepared catalyst exhibits a turnover number (TONCO ) of 1731.2 in the reduction of CO2 into CO, which is comparable to most reported molecular catalysts in aqueous solution. The mechanism studies indicate that, in this water-dispersible and structurally well-defined CODH mimic, the cobalt porphyrin core serves as the catalysis center and the amido groups function as hydrogen-bonding pillars helping to stabilize the CO2 adduct intermediate, whereas the PDMAEMA shell renders both water solubility and a CO2 reservoir through reversibly capturing of CO2 . The present work has clarified the significance of coordination sphere effects for improving the aqueous photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance of CODH mimics.

Effect of Solvents on the Color Recovery Responses of Swollen Structural-Color Epoxy Films Based on Inverse Opal Photonic Crystals.

Photonic crystal (PC) films have been widely applied in color displays and the anticounterfeiting field due to their facile fabrication process and easily tunable properties. However, the method for improving the reusability of the color-changed swollen PC films is still a challenge. In this paper, we report the color recovery behavior of epoxy resin inverse opal photonic crystal (EP-IOPC) films, which show different responses after being infiltrated with ethanol, acetone, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) based on the swelling and deswelling process. DMSO achieved the best effect on the color recovery of the swollen EP-IOPC films compared to ethanol and acetone, and the reflection spectrum blue-shifted in a small range and finally stabilized at a 60 nm deviation from the original spectrum after 10 times recovery. This strategy of color recovery not only solved the problem that the swollen EP-IOPC film's color changes to a certain extent but also showed promising potential in the color display and anticounterfeiting field.

Reconfigurable Inverse Opal Structure Film for a Rewritable and Double-Sided Photonic Crystal Paper.

A rewritable photonic crystal (PC) paper as an environmentally friendly and low-resource-consuming material for information storage and spreading has gradually become a research hotspot. In this work, a novel rewritable PC paper with inkless writing and double-sided rewritability properties was developed. A double-sided epoxy resin PC paper exhibiting an inverse opal structure and a bright structural color was fabricated using the sacrificial template method. Carbon black was doped into the material to increase color saturation and purity while preventing light transmission and protecting the double-sided structural color from interference. The force of sliding friction and deformation triggered by capillary pressure as well as swelling-triggered recovery of the inverse opal structure led to an easy rewriting of the PC paper. The PC paper exhibited excellent rewritability even after 50 runs of the rewriting process. Given the inkless and double-sided rewriting, this study provides a new method for the preparation of rewritable PC papers.

Ultrasonic power combined with seed materials for recovery of phosphorus from swine wastewater via struvite crystallization process.

Recovering P via struvite crystallization is an effective way to utilize the resources in swine wastewater. At present, the main challenges of traditional struvite crystallization process are the long reaction time and insufficient removal efficiency. In this study, a novel method to promote struvite crystallization process through ultrasound (US) combined with seed materials is proposed to overcome these defects. We systematically study the effects of US, seed materials, and ultrasonic power on nutrient recovery. The experimental results show that under the conditions of pH 9.5 and MgCl2:P molar ratio1.4:1, the addition of 2 g/L pre-synthesized struvite as the seed materials can increase the P removal rate to 91.56%, whereas, the addition of 80 W ultrasonic power for 15 min can make the P removal rate reach 94.18%. Meanwhile, the combination of US and struvite seed crystals can achieve a maximum P removal efficiency value of 97.66% in which 10 min for the reaction time is enough. The products are characterized using XRD, SEM, and FTIR to determine the phosphorus removal mechanism of ultrasonic power combined with seed induction. The shearing effect of US is found beneficial to affect the surface morphology of the seed crystals, which provides more nucleation sites to enhance crystal nucleation and growth. The removal efficiency comparison reveals that this combined technology performs an excellent removal effect.

A sensitive HPLC-DMS/MS/MS method for multiplex analysis of androgens in human serum without derivatization and its application to PCOS patients.

Both classical androgens and 11-oxygenated androgens play important roles in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Therefore, high-quality measurements of androgens are very important. In the present study, a highly sensitive and specific method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of three classical androgens and five 11-oxygenated androgens in human serum, using a high- performance liquid chromatography-differential mobility spectrometry tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-DMS/MS/MS). Serum samples were extracted with the mixture of ethyl acetate/tert-butyl methyl ether (1/1, v/v) prior to analysis with the HPLC-DMS/MS/MS system. Stable isotopes were used as the internal standards. Separation was performed on a Poroshell SB C18 column (150 × 2.1 mm, 2.7 µm), with a differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) component, which was used to enhance the resolution. The gradient mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and ammonium formate buffer with 0.1 % formic acid in both solvents. The sensitivity of the majority of the androgens was improved following addition of the DMS component. Under the optimal conditions, the trace amount of the target androgens in the serum was quantified accurately. The lower limit of quantification of the different analytes ranged from 0.05 to 0.2 ng/mL. The method was validated prior to its application to the assay of the clinical samples.