The effects of protein-rich extract from Rhizoma Gastrodiae against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via regulating MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

BACKGROUND: Rhizoma Gastrodiae is a highly valuable traditional Chinese medicine and functional health food that has been used in China to treat neurological disorders for thousands of years. Rhizoma Gastrodiae contains various of biological activities, such as antioxidative, neuroprotective, learning improvement, anxiolytic, and antidepressant effects. However, no studies have been conducted to explore the effects of the protein components in Rhizoma Gastrodiae (GEPS) and its potential protective effects against ischemic stroke.Our main goal was to investigate the effects of GEPS on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and its possible mechanisms. METHODS: A middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) induced focal cerebral ischemia mouse model and an oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD/R) injury model in HT22 cells were established. A neurobehavioral test was performed 24 h after MCAO, and brain infarction was measured. A Morris water maze experiment was conducted on Day 14 after reperfusion in mice. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and TUNEL staining were performed to assess apoptotic neuronal death. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect BDNF and GAP43 expression. The content of SOD, MDA, GSH-PX and ROS were detected. The protein expression was analyzed using Western blotting. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry. RESULTS: GEPS reduced apoptosis, decreased cerebral infarction, improved neurological defects, and ameliorated oxidative stress in the ischemic penumbra. In addition, GEPS increased the expression of BDNF and GA43 in the penumbra. Mechanistically, GEPS counteracted MCAO-induced PI3K/AKT inhibition and activation of MAPK signaling pathways. CONCLUSION: GEPS has a clear neuroprotective effect on I/R injury, and its mechanism may be linked to the PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways.

Two new degrade triterpenoids from Buxus bodinieri Levl.

Two new degrade cycloartane triterpenoids, named buboditones A, B (1, 2), together with ten known alkaloids, cyclobuxoviridine (3), N-dimethylcycloxobuxovircine (4), cyclovirobuxine C (5), cyclovirobuxine A (6), cycloprotobuxine C (7), cycloprotobuxine A (8), cyclobuxoxazine (9), cyclobuxoxazine A (10), buxruguline B (11), irehine (12), were isolated from the leaves and stems of Buxus bodinieri Levl., The structures of compounds 1-2 were elucidated by 1 D and 2 D NMR spectroscopic methods including HSQC, HMBC, 1H-1H COSY, NOESY, as well as HRESIMS spectroscopic analysis.

Double filtration plasmapheresis for hypertriglyceridemic acute pancreatitis caused by fat overload syndrome.

WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: Severe hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) can cause acute pancreatitis (AP). CASE SUMMARY: We report a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia who received long-term intravenous parenteral nutrition solution without monitoring of the serum triglyceride (TG) level, which resulted in fat overload syndrome and HTG-AP. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: Double filtration plasmapheresis was performed to eliminate the TGs and treat the AP.

Quality Analysis of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasmapheresis.

To summarized the technology of autologous platelet-rich plasmapheresis and analyzed the product quality, in order to provide safe and effective product guarantee service for clinical treatment. Technical parameters were set according to patient age, weight, height, and preoperative routine blood indices. Autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was collected, and the product quality and adverse reactions of patients were statistically analyzed. Autologous PRP had platelet (PLT), white blood cell (WBC), and red blood cell (RBC) counts of (1250.26 ± 435.88) × 109/L, (1.19 ± 1.95) × 109/L, and (0.05 ± 0.04) × 1012/L, respectively. The PLT enrichment ratio in PRP was 5.66 ± 1.66. There was no significant difference in PLT, RBC, WBC, or hematocrit before and after apheresis (P > 0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions was 8%, and all were mild. When clinical patients use PRP in the treatment of diseases, autologous platelet-rich plasmapheresis technology was used to apheresis PRP, which has good product quality and few adverse reactions, and thus can be adopted more widely.

Cytotoxicity and molecular-docking approach of a new rosane-type diterpenoid from the roots of Euphorbia nematocypha.

A new rosane-type diterpenoid (1) along with nine known diterpenoids (2-10), were isolated from the dried roots of Euphorbia nematocypha. The absolute configuration was elucidated from spectroscopic (nuclear magnetic resonance, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and electronic circular dichroism) and optical-rotation analyses. Cytotoxicity and the ability to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals were determined. Compound 1 showed remarkable cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines (HeLa, CT26, and HCC 1806) in vitro. The interaction between compound 1 and proteins of ribosomal S6 kinase was revealed using molecular docking and provided valuable insights into the cytotoxic mechanism of action of compound 1. The latter could be developed as a pharmaceutical agent in the future.

Autologous platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of refractory wounds in cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis complicated with hypertension (grade 2 moderate risk): A case report.

INTRODUCTION: Cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis is an inflammatory variant of vasculitis with a variety of causes that only affects the skin. Its pathological manifestations include neutrophil infiltration and nuclear fragmentation. Clinically, it is characterised by a pleomorphic rash, including erythema, purpuric skin lesions, reticulocytosis, necrosis and ulceration. Once formed, local ulcerations are very difficult to heal. CASE PRESENTATION: A 46-year-old female was diagnosed with cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis. The patient's legs exhibited ulcers with a black eschar on the surface. The largest wound was 4.5 × 4.0 cm and the deepest wound was 1.7 × 1.8 × 1.0 cm. The ulcers had been present for 6 months and did not exhibit signs of healing. Treatment was commenced with platelet-rich plasma, and the wounds healed within 1 month. CONCLUSION: Topical application of autologous platelet-rich plasma gel exerts beneficial effects in cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis with regard to wound size reduction, and it induces granulation tissue formation. Platelet-rich plasma may represent a safe and cost-effective treatment for managing cutaneous wound healing to reduce the length of the recovery period.

P- Hydroxybenzyl Alcohol Alleviates Oxidative Stress in a Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Larval Zebrafish Model and a BRL-3A Hepatocyte Via the Nrf2 Pathway.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease, and it has gradually become the main disease burden in the world. However, the pathogenesis of NAFLD is complex, involving such things as dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, etc. This brings to the table a significant challenge for drug development, and there is still no drug approved by the FDA on the market to treat the disease. GAS and HBA are active ingredients of the orchidaceae plant gastrodia elata and have exhibit effects in ameliorating nervous system diseases caused by oxidative stress. HBA is a metabolite of GAS that could perform lipid regulation and improve oxidative stress on HCD-induced NAFLD larval zebrafish, as reported by previous studies; we therefore explored the role of HBA in lipid regulation and oxidative stress on HCD-induced NAFLD larval zebrafish in vivo and FFA-induced BRL-3A hepatocyte in vitro. The gene expression of lipogenesis, inflammation, and oxidative stress were measured to investigate the underlying mechanism of HBA, and the potential protein target of HBA was explored by immunofluorescence. Altogether, our data highlight the role of HBA in improving NAFLD by use of its lipid-lowering and anti-oxidative properties via the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, providing a potential therapeutic compound for NAFLD treatment.