ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Mycobacterium abscessus (M. abscessus) is a rapidly growing mycobacterium and ubiquitous in the environment, which infrequently causes disease in humans. However, it can cause cutaneous or respiratory infections among immunocompromised hosts. Due to the resistance to most antibiotics, the pathogen is formidable and difficult-to-treat. CASE SUMMARY: Here, we present a case of catheter-related M. abscessus infections in a patient with motor neurone disease. Catheter and peripheral blood cultures of the patient showed positive results during Gram staining and acid-fast staining. The alarm time of catheter blood culture was 10.6 h earlier than that of peripheral blood. After removal of the peripherally inserted central catheter, secretion and catheter blood culture were positive. M. abscessus was identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and 16S rDNA sequencing. CONCLUSION: For catheter-related M. abscessus infection, rapid diagnosis and timely and adequate antimicrobial therapy are crucial.