ABSTRACT
Combined femoral and acetabular anteversion is the sum of femoral and acetabular anteversion, representing their morphological relationship in the axial plane. Along with the increasing understanding of hip dysplasia in recent years, numerous scholars have confirmed the role of combined femoral and acetabular anteversion in the pathological changes of hip dysplasia. At present, the reconstructive surgery for hip dysplasia includes total hip replacement and redirectional hip preservation surgery. As an important surgery index, combined femoral and acetabular anteversion have a crucial role in these surgeries. Herein, we discuss the role of combined femoral and acetabular anteversion in pathological changes of hip dysplasia, total hip replacement, and redirectional hip preservation surgery.
ABSTRACT
In children with asymmetric growth on the medial and lateral side of limbs, if there still remains growth potential, the guided growth technique of hemi-epiphysiodesis on one side of the epiphysis is recognized as a safe and effective method. However, when the hemi-epiphysiodesis start to correct the deformities, how many degrees could hemi-epiphysiodesis bring every month and when to remove the hemi-epiphysiodesis implant without rebound phenomenon are still on debate. This article reviews the current studies focus on the effective time, correction speed and termination time of hemi-epiphysiodesis.
ABSTRACT
Chronic osteomyelitis is a painful and serious disease caused by infected surgical prostheses or infected fractures. Traditional treatment includes surgical debridement followed by prolonged systemic antibiotics. However, excessive antibiotic use has been inducing rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria worldwide. Additionally, it is difficult for antibiotics to penetrate internal sites of infection such as bone, thus limiting their efficacy. New approaches to treat chronic osteomyelitis remain a major challenge for orthopedic surgeons. Luckily, the development of nanotechnology has brought new antimicrobial options with high specificity to infection sites, offering a possible way to address these challenges. Substantial progress has been made in constructing antibacterial nanomaterials for treatment of chronic osteomyelitis. Here, we review some current strategies for treatment of chronic osteomyelitis and their underlying mechanisms.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Heterotopic ossification (HO) refers to the formation of new bone in non-skeletal tissues such as muscles, tendons or other soft tissues. Severe muscle and soft tissue injury often lead to the formation of HO. However, anterior HO of the ankle is rarely reported. CASE SUMMARY: We report a patient with massive HO in front of the ankle joint for 23 years. In 1998, the patient was injured by a falling object on the right lower extremity, which gradually formed a massive heterotopic bone change in the right calf and dorsum of the foot. The patient did not develop gradual ankle function limitations until nearly 36 mo ago, and underwent resection of HO. Even after 23 years and resection of HO, the ankle joint was still able to move. CONCLUSION: It is recommended that the orthopedist should be aware of HO and distinguish it from bone tumor.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Students in the 9th grade of junior high school in Changsha were under a 75 d lockdown due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. After the resumption of school post-lockdown, the 9th grade students in Changsha faced the entrance physical examination test for senior high school. CASE SUMMARY: We report on 3 cases of occult fracture on the same site in adolescents of the same grade since resumption of school after the lockdown from the COVID-19 pandemic. Three students in the 9th grade of junior high school who were facing the physical examination in 2 wk were diagnosed with an occult fracture of the distal femur. CONCLUSION: It is recommended that the students, parents, education providers and policy makers should all pay attention to the physical exercise of students when the resumption of school after lockdown occurs and they should be aware of occult fractures when the adolescents have pain after physical exercise.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Synovial chondromatosis (SC) is a rare benign lesion first reported by Ambrose Pare in 1558. It is most common in the knee joint, followed by the hip joint and elbow joint. It is characterized by the presence of multiple pearl-like osteochondral bodies in the joint. The incidence in children is extremely low. CASE SUMMARY: We report a 6-year-old Chinese boy who presented to our hospital with left hip joint pain and claudication for more than one year. We performed total surgical resection of SC tissue in the left hip. A good prognosis was confirmed at the 6-wk follow-up. Pain and swelling symptoms were totally relieved, range of motion of his left hip returned to normal, and there was no clinical evidence of lesion recurrence at last follow-up. Our case is the youngest reported patient with SC occurring in the hip. CONCLUSION: SC is a rare disease and can be easily misdiagnosed. When we encounter children with hip pain and claudication, increased vigilance and a comprehensive physical examination and imaging examination should be considered, in order to avoid misdiagnosis and delayed treatment in patients.