[Sarcoidosis and berylliosis]. / Sarkoidose und Berylliose.

Sarcoidosis and berylliosis (chronic beryllium disease, CBD) are granulomatous diseases and are phenocopies which cannot be differentiated based on the clinical presentation. Whereas for sarcoidosis the eliciting agent is unknown, for berylliosis an exposure to beryllium (mostly as occupational exposure) can be confirmed that therefore induces a sensitization against beryllium. The diagnosis is generally made in patients with a typical clinical presentation, the histological proof of a non-necrotizing granuloma and the exclusion of other diseases causing granulomas. In most cases, granulomas can be detected in the lungs and/or (intrathoracic) lymph nodes. The proof of sensitization to beryllium for the differential diagnosis can be performed with a so-called beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test in peripheral mononuclear blood cells or cells from a bronchoalveolar lavage. The objectives of treatment are avoidance of functional organ impairment and symptom control. Immunosuppressive therapy (initially mostly with corticosteroids) and supportive measures can prove beneficial; however, in many cases clinical observation can be sufficient because of stable disease or spontaneous resolution. In addition, further beryllium exposure must be avoided, which mostly necessitates a change of the workplace.

Efficacy of cidofovir versus bevacizumab in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study.

OBJECTIVES: After surgical resection of papilloma, adjuvant therapy may be recommended for the control of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). As the efficacy of adjuvant therapy remains unproven, the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of cidofovir versus bevacizumab used as adjuvant therapies for the control of RRP. METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study was performed in a national respiratory disease referral centre. Patients with RRP were recruited prospectively and were divided into juvenile or adult RRP. Participants were randomly assigned to receive adjuvant therapy with cidofovir, bevacizumab or placebo. The study drug or placebo was administered after direct microlaryngoscopy with papilloma resection using cold instruments. The Derkay severity score and the Voice Handicap Index (VHI) were assessed at 3-6-week intervals, for a total of 3 visits. Follow-up included VHI and Derkay score assessments at 2-month intervals over the course of one year. Annual rates before and after surgical treatment were compared. RESULTS: Five children and 11 adults were enrolled in the study. After one year, the group treated with cidofovir had a significant decrease in Derkay score (p=.027). No difference between treatment arms was observed in the annual surgery rate. There was a significant decrease in the VHI score in all treatment groups (p<.001), and no significant difference was observed between groups (p=.32). CONCLUSION: While we observed a significant decrease in RRP severity with intralesional cidofovir, we were unable to provide proof of efficacy of intralesional bevacizumab. CLINICALTRIALS: gov Identifier: NCT02555800.

Eficacia de cidofovir frente a bevacizumab en la papilomatosis respiratoria recurrente: estudio piloto aleatorizado, doble ciego y controlado por placebo / Efficacy of cidofovir versus bevacizumab in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study

Objectives: After surgical resection of papilloma, adjuvant therapy may be recommended for the control of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). As the efficacy of adjuvant therapy remains unproven, the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of cidofovir versus bevacizumab used as adjuvant therapies for the control of RRP. Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study was performed in a national respiratory disease referral centre. Patients with RRP were recruited prospectively and were divided into juvenile or adult RRP. Participants were randomly assigned to receive adjuvant therapy with cidofovir, bevacizumab or placebo. The study drug or placebo was administered after direct microlaryngoscopy with papilloma resection using cold instruments. The Derkay severity score and the Voice Handicap Index (VHI) were assessed at 3–6-week intervals, for a total of 3 visits. Follow-up included VHI and Derkay score assessments at 2-month intervals over the course of one year. Annual rates before and after surgical treatment were compared. Results: Five children and 11 adults were enrolled in the study. After one year, the group treated with cidofovir had a significant decrease in Derkay score (p=.027). No difference between treatment arms was observed in the annual surgery rate. There was a significant decrease in the VHI score in all treatment groups (p<.001), and no significant difference was observed between groups (p=.32). Conclusion: While we observed a significant decrease in RRP severity with intralesional cidofovir, we were unable to provide proof of efficacy of intralesional bevacizumab. (AU)

Objetivos: Tras la extirpación quirúrgica de los papilomas, puede recomendarse terapia adyuvante para el control de la papilomatosis respiratoria recurrente (PRR). Como la eficacia de la terapia adyuvante no está demostrada, el objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la eficacia de cidofovir frente a bevacizumab, utilizados como terapias adyuvantes para el control de PRR. Métodos: Estudio piloto aleatorizado, doble ciego y controlado por placebo, realizado en un centro nacional de referencia de enfermedades respiratorias. Se reclutó prospectivamente a los pacientes con PRR, y se dividieron en 2 grupos: PRR de jóvenes y PRR de adultos. A los participantes se les asignó aleatoriamente la administración de terapia adyuvante de cidofovir, bevacizumab o placebo. La administración de los fármacos de estudio o placebo se realizó tras practicar microlaringoscopia directa con extirpación de papilomas, utilizando instrumental frío. Se llevaron a cabo evaluaciones utilizando la puntuación de gravedad de Derkay y la escala VHI (Voice Handicap Index) a intervalos de 3 a 6 semanas, con un total de 3 visitas. El seguimiento incluyó evaluación de las escalas VHI y Derkay a intervalos de 2 meses, durante el curso de un año. Se compararon las tasas anuales pre- y postratamiento quirúrgico. Resultados: El estudio incluyó 5 niños y 11 adultos. Transcurrido un año, el grupo tratado con cidofovir reflejó una reducción significativa en la escala Derkay (p=0,027). No se observó diferencia alguna entre las ramas terapéuticas en la tasa quirúrgica anual. Se vio una reducción significativa en la puntuación VHI en todos los grupos terapéuticos (p<0,001), y no se observó diferencia significativa entre los grupos (p=0,32). Conclusión: A pesar de verse una reducción significativa de la gravedad de PRR con la administración de cidofovir intralesional, no pudimos probar la eficacia de bevacizumab intralesional. (AU)

Efficacy of cidofovir versus bevacizumab in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study.

OBJECTIVES: After surgical resection of papilloma, adjuvant therapy may be recommended for the control of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). As the efficacy of adjuvant therapy remains unproven, the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of cidofovir versus bevacizumab used as adjuvant therapies for the control of RRP. METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study was performed in a national respiratory disease referral centre. Patients with RRP were recruited prospectively and were divided into juvenile or adult RRP. Participants were randomly assigned to receive adjuvant therapy with cidofovir, bevacizumab or placebo. The study drug or placebo was administered after direct microlaryngoscopy with papilloma resection using cold instruments. The Derkay severity score and the Voice Handicap Index (VHI) were assessed at 3-6-week intervals, for a total of 3 visits. Follow-up included VHI and Derkay score assessments at 2-month intervals over the course of one year. Annual rates before and after surgical treatment were compared. RESULTS: Five children and 11 adults were enrolled in the study. After one year, the group treated with cidofovir had a significant decrease in Derkay score (p=.027). No difference between treatment arms was observed in the annual surgery rate. There was a significant decrease in the VHI score in all treatment groups (p<.001), and no significant difference was observed between groups (p=.32). CONCLUSION: While we observed a significant decrease in RRP severity with intralesional cidofovir, we were unable to provide proof of efficacy of intralesional bevacizumab. Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02555800.

Relaxation dynamics of Pd-Ni-P metallic glass: decoupling of anelastic and viscous processes.

The stress relaxation dynamics of metallic glass Pd40Ni40P20was studied in both supercooled liquid and glassy states. Time-temperature superposition was found in the metastable liquid, implying an invariant shape of the distribution of times involved in the relaxation. Once in the glass state, the distribution of relaxation times broadens as temperature and fictive temperature decrease, eventually leading to a decoupling of the relaxation in two processes. While the slow one keeps a viscous behavior, the fast one shows an anelastic nature and a time scale similar to that of the collective atomic motion measured by x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS). These results suggest that the atomic dynamics of metallic glasses, as determined by XPCS at low temperatures in the glass state, can be related to the rearrangements of particles responsible of the macroscopically reversible anelastic behavior.

HIF-1α, HIF-2α, and ProExC: diagnostic or prognostic relevance in conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia?

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate HIF-1α, HIF-2α, and ProExC expression in conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), to differentiate between metaplasia and dysplasia, and to access their value as diagnostic and prognostic immunohistochemical markers. Recurrence and progression into SCC (squamous cell carcinoma) were defined as endpoints. METHODS: Forty-three specimens including CIN I (2), CIN II (9), CIN III (29), with and without metaplasia, and metaplasia alone (3), as well as 21 conjunctival control specimens, were stained with antibodies against HIF-1α, HIF-2α, and ProExC. The percentage of positively stained cells were calculated and used for further analysis. RESULTS: The mean percentages of HIF-1α and HIF-2α were not increased in CIN. In comparison, the expressions of these markers were even significantly elevated in control specimens (p < 0.001). Upper epithelial cells in CIN were more often ProExC-positive compared with normal conjunctiva or metaplasia (p = 0.06 and p = 0.07). Cox proportional-hazards analysis was performed for characterization of factors influencing the combined endpoint and showed a significant elevated hazard ratio for staining with ProExC (p = 0.04) compared with HIF-1α (p = 0.26) and HIF-2α (p = 0.49). CONCLUSION: Our study shows that HIF-1α and HIF-2α do not serve as diagnostic or prognostic markers in CIN. ProExC seems to be a potential indicator for CIN, but not a reliable diagnostic marker. However, control specimens occasionally also display a high percentage of ProExC-positive cells and staining over the entire epithelial layer.

Rendimiento de la biopsia por aspirado en el diagnóstico del carcinoma de endometrio / Performance of aspirate biopsy in the diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma

OBJETIVO: Analizar la concordancia histológica pre y postoperatoria del cáncer de endometrio (CE) diagnosticado por cánula de biopsia tipo Cornier. MÉTODOS: Se incluyen 82 pacientes sometidas a biopsia ambulatoria a ciegas por aspirado con diagnóstico anatomo-patológico final de CE en la pieza de histerectomía. Se estudia la concordancia atendiendo al tipo y al grado histológico haciendo dos grupos para cada análisis: CE endometrioide/no endometrioide y Ce de bajo/alto grado. RESULTADOS: La sensibilidad de la biopsia para detectar malignidad fue del 100%. El grado de concordancia atendiendo al tipo histológico fue de 94% (96,7% para los tipo endometrioide y del 85% para los tipos no endometrioides). En cuanto al grado histológico la precisión en el diagnóstico fue del 90,2% (94,3% en los tumores de bajo grado y 82,7% en los de alto grado) con una tasa de subestimación del grado tumoral del 6%. CONCLUSIONES: La biopsia por aspiración con cánula tipo Cornier detecta adecuadamente el CE y la concordancia entre la biopsia preoperatoria y la pieza quirúrgica es alta, por lo que puede considerarse una técnica fiable en el diagnóstico del cáncer de endometrio y precisa en la valoración del grado y tipo histológicos. El grupo más discordante es el CE G3 de tipo endometrioide.

OBJECTIVE: Analyze pre and post operative histological concordance of endometrial cancer (EC) diagnosed by Cornier biopsy cannula. METHODS: 82 patients under going out patient biopsy aspirate blindly with EC in the hysterectomy specimen. We study the type and histological grade accuracy by two groups for each analysis: EC endometrioid/non-endometrioid and low/high grade. RESULTS: The sensitivity for detecting malignancy was 100%. The histological type agreement was 94% (96.7% for the endometrioid type and 85% for non-endometrioid type). The histological grade accuracy was 90.2% (94.3% in low-grade tumors and 82.7% in high grade) with a rate of under estimation of tumor grade of 6%. CONCLUSIONS: Cornier aspiration biopsy is safe in the diagnosis of EC. Grade and histological type accuracy between preoperative biopsy and surgical specimen is high. The most discordant is EC G3 endometrioid type.

Association of HLA-DQA1*03011-DQB1*0301 haplotype with the development of respiratory scleroma.

OBJECTIVE: Respiratory scleroma (RS) is a progressive, chronic, granulomatous disease caused by Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis. There is only one report of RS association with HLA-DQ3. In this study, molecular association of HLA class II and RS was determined. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Nine RS patients and 163 healthy controls were compared. DQA1, DQB1, and DRB1 loci were typed. RESULTS: Statistical analysis demonstrated association between DQB1*0301 and susceptibility to RS (P(c) = 0.004). Haplotype analysis showed an association of DQA1*03011-DQB1*0301 (P = 1.21E-19) and DRB1*0407-DQA1*03011-DQB1*0301 (P = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS: Results established that DQA1*03011-DQB1*0301 haplotype is a strong risk factor for development of RS.

Management of Ludwig's angina with small neck incisions: 18 years experience.

OBJECTIVE: To review Ludwig's angina medical and surgical approach with small incisions. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective, open, noncomparative, longitudinal. METHODS: All patients with Ludwig's angina who received medical, metabolic, airway management, and surgical treatment from January 1, 1983 to December 31, 2000. STUDIED PARAMETERS: Antibiotic treatment, surgical treatment, hospitalization time, associated diseases, etiologic factors, recuperation time. RESULTS: Age range was 18 to 87 years, with a female-to-male ratio of 1.1:1 (68 females, 53 males). Thirty patients belonged to middle or high socioeconomic status. The primary site of infection was odontogenic in 107 of the patients. All the patients were managed with surgical drainage made within the first 12 hours after hospital admission. The most common antibiotic treatments were the combination of clindamycin with crystalline penicillin G. The hospital stay for more than half of patients was 6 days or less. In 62 patients we found extension into the parapharyngeal space and in 32 cases we found retropharyngeal extension of the Ludwig's angina. Forty-six patients had or were diagnosed as having diabetes mellitus. Tracheotomy was required in 34 patients. The airway of the rest of patients was controlled with nasotracheal intubation. Only 33 patients had major complications, such as mediastinitis, sepsis, or death. CONCLUSIONS: Drainage using small incisions is a safe and effective method as part of treatment of Ludwig's angina.

[Endoscopic adenoidectomy; use or abuse of the technology?]. / Adenoidectomía endoscópica, uso o abuso de la tecnología?

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate efficacy of the conventional technique of adenoidectomy by means of transoperative endoscopic revision of the nasopharynx and to evaluate the need for including telescopes as part of usual instruments used in adenoidectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective, open, comparative, and transversal study. We included the first 150 patients with absolute indication for adenoidectomy. We did 150 adenoidectomy procedures by conventional technique using Beckman adenotomes, and La Force adenotomes, using a laryngeal mirror to observe condition of nasopharynx once the surgeon thought the procedure was completed, we did a revision of adenoid area with Hopkins telescopes of 0 and 30; if we founded residues of adenoids, these were eliminated with Guggenheim forceps, adenotomes, or curved 40 degrees microdebrider tip, all after endoscopic viewing, which also helped in control of area bleeding. MEASURED PARAMETERS: Presence or absence of adenoids residue location, and presence or absence of active bleeding. RESULTS: Total removal of adenoids was carried in 43 patients, our finding adenoid residues in 107 of cases. Of these, 45.3% were occluding pharyngeal part of Eustachian tubes. CONCLUSIONS: Conventional technique for adenoidectomy was effective in < 30%; therefore, it is imperative to use endoscopic revision in each case.

Infections after endoscopic polypectomy using nasal steroids.

BACKGROUND: Topical nasal steroids such as beclomethasone dipropionate and fluticasone propionate have been widely used in the treatment of rhinitis and polyposis. An increase in infection has occurred with the use of fluticasone propionate after endoscopic polypectomy. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of nasal and paranasal infections with the use of topic nasal steroids after endoscopic polypectomy and to compare the recurrence rates of the polyposis. DESIGN AND SETTING: We conducted a prospective, comparative, open, experimental, longitudinal study at an academic tertiary referral medical center. METHODS: One hundred sixty-two patients in whom endoscopic polypectomy had been indicated were randomly divided into 3 groups of 54 patients each. The patients from the first group were treated with saline lavage only. Patients from the second group also received fluticasone propionate 400 microg/day in nasal spray after lavage. Patients from the third group received beclomethasone dipropionate 600 microg/day after lavage. The prevalence of infections and recurrence of polyposis was compared in the 3 groups. RESULTS: Three patients, 2 in the placebo group and 1 in the beclomethasone group, developed infections during the first 3 months after surgical procedure. The recurrence of polyps in the group without steroids was 44%. In contrast, 15% from the patients treated with fluticasone showed recurrence of polyposis; furthermore, 26% of the patients treated with beclomethasone showed recurrence of polypsosis, with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: The use of nasal steroids does not seem to increase the prevalence of infections after endoscopic polypectomy.

Effects of three nasal topical steroids in the intraocular pressure compartment.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the use of fluticasone propionate, mometasone furoate, or beclomethasone dipropionate for the treatment of rhinitis produced, as a side effect, an increase in the intraocular pressure; only one printed article proclaims that the increase of secondary intraocular pressure is due to the use of local nasal steroids. PATIENTS AND STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a comparative, double-blind, experimental, prospective, longitudinal study in which 360 patients were divided at random into 4 groups; 90 of them were given a placebo (control group) and the other 270 were divided into 3 other groups of 90 patients each and given a different local nasal steroid for each group. Measurement parameters All patients had their intraocular pressure measured by Goldman's tonometry at 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after using the placebo or local nasal steroid. RESULTS: Variations were found in the intraocular pressure of patients who used local steroid, with discreet elevations in the beclomethasone dipropionate and mometasone furoate groups; however, variations were always within normal limits. CONCLUSION: Fluticasone propionate, mometasone furoate, and beclomethasone dipropionate cause variations in the intraocular pressure, but the variations are within normal limits.

Increased prevalence of thrombophilia among women with severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of markers of thrombophilia in women hospitalized for severe OHSS. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Academic research center. PATIENT(S): Women undergoing induction of ovulation complicated by severe OHSS (n = 20) and women undergoing induction of ovulation without development of severe OHSS (n = 41). INTERVENTION(S): Blood samples to test for markers of thrombophilia were obtained during the luteal phase of the treatment cycle. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Blood samples were analyzed for markers of thrombophilia, such as plasma levels of antithrombin, protein S and protein C, antiphospholipid antibodies, the factor V Leiden mutation, and 677T polymorphism in the 5,10 methyltetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR 677T) gene. RESULT(S): Seventeen of 20 patients with severe OHSS (85%) and 11 of 41 controls (26.8%) had one or more positive markers of thrombophilia. Of the women with severe OHSS, 6 had a decreased antithrombin level, 8 had decreased levels of protein S, 7 were homozygous for the MTHFR 677T mutation, 1 was heterozygous for the factor V Leiden mutation, and 5 had antiphospholipid antibodies. Eight women with OHSS and no controls had more than one positive marker of thrombophilia. CONCLUSION(S): The prevalence of thrombophilia is increased in women with severe OHSS. These findings suggest that prophylactic screening for this disorder and possible use of heparin prophylaxis for thromboembolic phenomena should be considered in these patients.

Manejo médico y quirúrgico del absceso periamigdalino: experiencia de cinco años / Medical and surgical management of peritonsillar abscess (QUINSY): five years experience

El absceso periamigdalino es una patología infecciosa grave, que frecuentemente se atiende en nuestra división. Para su manejo existen diversas opciones en la actualidad. La incisión y drenaje, acompañada de tratamiento con penicilina y clindamicina, es la elección de nuestro servicio. Se realizó una revisión de los expedientes de pacientes con diagnóstico de absceso periamigdalino del primero de enero de 1996 al 31 de diciembre del 2000, incluyéndose 117 casos en el presente estudio. Se midió la eficacia del tratamiento médico y quirúrgico, la frecuencia de complicaciones, así como la realización de amigdalectomía de intervalo. Se encontró una eficacia de 88.4 por ciento para el procedimiento de incisión y drenaje. En todos los casos el tratamiento antimicrobiano inicial fue efectivo, de los cuales 89.7 por ciento recibieron penicilina y clindamicina. La única complicación encontrada fue la persistencia del absceso en 11.6 por ciento de los casos, resuelta en todos con un segundo drenaje. Se realizó amigdalectomía de intervalo a 43.6 por ciento de los pacientes. Conclusión: La incisión y drenaje tiene una eficacia superior a otras técnicas para drenaje, el esquema antimicrobiano de penicilina y clindamicina puede considerarse de elección para el manejo del absceso periamigdalino. Un porcentaje relativamente bajo de nuestros pacientes acepta la realización de amigdalectomía, colocándolos bajo un mayor riesgo de recurrencia.

Microbiología de sinusitis: toma de muestra por punción antral comparada con frotis de complejo osteo-meatal / Microbiology of sinusitis: comparison of antral puncture with osteomeatal complex swab

Propósito: Comparar la microbiología de la rinosinusitis aguda bacteriana de acuerdo a dos técnicas diferentes para la obtención de cultivo: la punción antral directa y la toma de muestra del complejo osteomeatal guiada endoscópicamente (con hisopo y microaspirador con guarda estéril). Selección de pacientes: 30 pacientes (45 cultivos con las tres diferentes técnicas de obtención de muestra) en forma secuencial con diagnóstico clínico y radiológico de sinusitis aguda bacteriana. Se dividieron forma aleatoria; punción antral directa, por aspiración con microaspirador con guarda guiado endoscópicamente y por hisopo estéril guiado endoscópicamente, enviando dichas muestras a cultivo con medio de transporte para aerobios y anaerobios. Diseño: Estudio prospectivo, comparativo, abierto y transversal. Parámetros de medición: El resultado de los cultivos por las diferentes técnicas de obtención. Hallazgos: De los 15 cultivos obtenidos del meato medio con hisopo y control endoscópico, hubo aislamiento de gérmenes patógenos en el 46.66 por ciento, flora normal en 33.3 por ciento y 20 por ciento sin crecimiento. Cuando se realizo punción antral germen patógeno en 26.66 por ciento y sin crecimiento con 73.33 por ciento. En el caso del aspirador con guarda estéril con control endoscópico del meato medio se obtuvo un patógeno en 53.33 por ciento, flora normal en 20 por ciento y sin crecimiento en 26.66 por ciento. Conclusiones: La correlación de ambas técnicas fue del 40 por ciento. La técnica que demostró mejor resultado de aislamiento es la toma de muestra por aspirador estéril guiado endoscopicamente al meato medio.

Cambios histológicos de la mucosa nasal en habitantes de la Ciudad de México en comparación con quienes no habitan en áreas metropolitanas / Histologic changes of the nasal mucosa in Mexico City's inhabitants versus inhabitants of suburban areas

Objetivo: Determinar cuáles son los cambios histopatológicos en la mucosa nasal de las personas que viven dentro del área metropolitana del Distrito Federal y que, por ende, están más expuestos a contaminantes ambientales inhalados, en comparación con un grupo control de sujetos que no habitan en áreas metropolitanas ni conurbadas. Material y métodos: Ciento veinte pacientes fueron incluidos en el estudio. Se integraron dos grupos: los que habitaban en el área metropolitana del D.F. (casos, n = 88) y sujetos que habitaran fuera de ella (controles, n = 32) que aceptaran por escrito participar en el estudio y que acudieran sin patología nasosinusal. Diseño: Prospectivo, comparativo, ciego, observacional y transversal. Parámetros de medición: Se revisó la morfología histológica en biopsias del epitelio proveniente del cornete inferior y si se podían relacionar los cambios metaplásicos con la exposición crónica a niveles elevados de contaminación atmosférica. Resultados: No se logró establecer una diferencia estadísticamente significativa que demostrara una clara correlación entre la exposición a contaminantes atmosféricos y la presencia de cambios metaplásicos en la mucosa nasal. Conclusiones: No es posible aseverar de manera estadísticamente significativa que la exposición a contaminantes inhalados por vivir en el área metropolitana de la Ciudad de México produce cambios histopatológicos en la mucosa nasal.

Variación en los agentes etiológicos de la sinusitis aguda bacteriana en habitantes del Distrito Federal / Etiologic differences in bacteria found in Mexico City's inhabitants with acute sinusitis

Objetivo: Determinar los agentes etiológicos causantes de sinusitis aguda bacteriana. Material y métodos: Estudio prospectivo, abierto y transversal. Fueron analizados 90 pacientes con diagnóstico de sinusitis aguda bacteriana establecido mediante endoscopia rígida nasal y corroborado por tomografía computada de nariz y senos paranasales. Ningún paciente había recibido tratamiento antimicrobiano por lo menos 30 días antes del estudio. En todos los casos se tomaron muestras para cultivo y análisis de flora microbiana. Las muestras se tomaron de la secreción obtenida directamente por vía endoscópica de los complejos osteomeatales con un aspirador estéril con guarda de secreciones. Resultados: El 29 por ciento de los cultivos resultaron negativos (sin crecimiento). En el 40 por ciento de las muestras cultivadas se aislaron gérmenes considerados patógenos. Las bacterias aisladas con mayor frecuencia fueron Moraxella catharralis (30 por ciento) y Haemophilus influenzae (25 por ciento), principalmente. Conclusión: Los gérmenes aislados en este estudio no coinciden con los reportes de la literatura mundial.

Enfermedad tiroidea poco frecuente en otorrinolangología / Rare thyroid disease in otolaryngology

Propósito. El objetivo de este estudio fue presentar casos representativos de patología quirúrgica tiroidea poco frecuente haciendo énfasis en los criterios diagnósticos y terapéuticos considerados en cada caso. Selección de pacientes. Todos los expedientes clínicos con patología quirúrgica tiroidea poco frecuente en un período de 10 años (1990-1999). Parámetros de medición. La forma de asignación de los casos fue considerar como poco frecuente la patología quirúrgica que representa menos del 10 por ciento de los casos. Hallazgos. Se identificaron 8 casos de patología quirúrgica tiroidea poco frecuente: 2 casos de tiroides ectópica, 1 caso de carcinoma papilar en quiste tirogloso, 2 casos de metástasis cervical de carcinoma tiroideo oculto. 1 caso de tiroiditis supurativa y 2 casos de tumores que simulan quiste tirogloso. Conclusión. Existe una variedad amplia de patología quirúrgica tiroidea la cual puede tener presentación poco frecuente. Se requiere un protocolo de estudio adecuado para cada patología para evitar tratamiento erróneo o incompleto.

Estudio microbiológico y epidemiológico de otomicosis / Otomycosis. microbiology and epidemiology

Propósito: Determinar los microorganismos causales de las infecciones por hongos que afectan al oído externo y compararlo con los reportes de la literatura mundial. Selección de pacientes: Se incluyeron de manera secuencial a los 152 pacientes que acudieron a la división de otorrinolaringología y en los que se sospechó otomicosis. Diseño: Prospectivo, descriptivo, abierto, observacional y transversal. objetivos de medición: El hongo causal de la infección, agentes bacterianos sobre-infectantes, hábitos higiénicos, hábitos dietéticos y manifestaciones clínicas. Hallazgos y conclusiones: Se determinó que en nuestra población estudiada, las otomicosis fueron causadas por especies de Aspergillus y Candida.