Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells induction in peri-implantitis Rattus norvegicus accelerates and enhances osteogenesis activity and implant osseointegration.

Peri-implantitis additional treatment generally aims to repair damaged tissue through a regenerative approach. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) produce a high osteogenic effect and are capable of modulating the immune system by suppressing inflammatory response, modulating bone resorption, and inducing endogenous osteogenesis. AIM: This study was intended to discover the effect of hUCMSCs on an implant osseointegration process in peri-implantitis rat subjects as assessed by several markers including interleukin-10 (IL-10), transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa- ß ligand (RANKL), bone morphogenic protein (BMP-2), osterix (Osx), and osteoprotegerin (OPG). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The research design implemented during this study represented a true experimental design incorporating the use of Rattus norvegicus (Wistar strain) as subjects. RESULTS: Data analysed by means of a Brown Forsythe test indicated differences between the increase in BMP-2 expression (p < 0.000) and Osx expression (p < 0.001) and between RANKL expression (p < 0.001, Tukey HSD) and OPG expression (p < 0.000, Games Howell). CONCLUSION: According to the findings of this research, hUCMSCs induction is successful in accelerating and enhancing osteogenic activity and implant osseointegration in peri-implantitis rat subjects.

The relationship between parents' oral hygiene knowledge and children with Down Syndrome's oral hygiene via OHI-S.

Background: Down Syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder responsible for mental and development retardation. DS occurs when a person has an extra chromosome (47 instead of 46), the third copy of the Trisomy 21 chromosome. This causes structural and functional anomalies in the human body and some degree of intellectual disability. Children with DS have poor oral hygiene as they are unable to understand and are unaware of its importance. Oral hygiene problems commonly found in children with DS are gingivitis, periodontal problems, pain, infection, and problems with the masticatory system. This study explored the relationship between parents' knowledge and maintenance of the oral hygiene of children with DS through the OHI-S (Oral Hygiene Index Simplified) Index Score. Method: This study was conducted by distributing 25 questions via Google Form to 100 subjects that belong to POTADS (Down Syndrome Parents Association. The participants were children diagnosed with Down Syndrome and their parents. Questionnaires were used to assess parents' knowledge about their child's oral hygiene. To assess the children's oral hygiene, dental exams were performed with the OHI-S on six tooth surfaces. To calculate the OHI-S score for each individual, the debris and calculus scores from the 6 surfaces of the teeth were totalled and divided by six. Results: The relationship between parents' knowledge and the maintenance of oral hygiene of children with DS was found by conducting a linear regression analysis and hypothetical test. The equation of Y = 77.734 + (-7.377) X was achieved through linear regression analysis, and indicated that a 1% increase in parents' knowledge caused a reduction in OHI-S score to 7.377. The hypothetical test showed that parents' knowledge affected their children's OHI-S score significantly. Conclusion: There was a significant contradictive relationship between parents' knowledge and the maintenance of oral hygiene of children with DS .

Analysis of lymphocyte T(CD4+) cells expression on severe early childhood caries and free caries.

Early childhood caries (ECC) is still one of the many diseases found in children throughout the world. Cariogenic bacteria are a significant risk factor for ECC associated with early colonization and high levels of cariogenic microbes (Streptococcus mutans, S. mutans). Lymphocyte T (CD4+) cells known as helper T cells, are effector cells for mediated host immunity. Naive T cells (CD4+) must be activated to initiate effector function. This activation occurs through interaction with professional antigen- presenting cells (pro-APC), especially dendritic cells that lead to intracellular pathways that regulate T cell receptor (TCR) more specifically against antigen in T cells. Lymphocyte cells from samples were collected from severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) and Free caries aged 5 to 6 years. The subjects were instructed to gargle 10 mL of sterile NaCl 1.5% solution for 30 seconds, and expectorate it into a sterile glass then analyzing T lymphocyte cell (CD4+) expression using flow cytometry. Lymphocyte T (CD4+) cell expression at SECC (6.2525±64482) while in free caries (8.4138±1.10397) with P-value (P=0. 000). Conclusion of lymphocyte T (CD4+) cells expression at S-ECC is lower than that occurring in free caries.

Miswak users' behavior model based on the theory of planned behavior in the country with the largest Muslim population.

BACKGROUND: Maintaining proper oral hygiene has an influence on oral health. Religious obedience may influence individual behavior. According to Islamic religious guidance, as recommended by an Islamic role model, it is obligated to maintain oral health and the recommended tool to use is miswak. PURPOSE: To describe miswak users' behavior based on the theory of planned behavior. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The population of this study was the students of As-Salafi Al-Fitrah Islamic Boarding School who used miswak regularly and were healthy physically and mentally. One hundred and nine samples were chosen randomly and asked to complete a semi-open and a closed-ended questionnaire. RESULTS: Perceived behavioral control had the most dominant influence toward improving intention with ß=0.211 and p<0.05. In contrast, attitude and subjective norms had less influence toward improving intention with ß=0.190 and p>0.05, and ß=0.164 and p<0.0001, respectively. Meanwhile, perceived behavioral control showed direct correlation toward action in model parameter with ß=0.445 and p<0.0001. CONCLUSION: Perceived behavioral control is the most dominant predisposing factor in increasing intention and attitude of miswak use.

Characterization of human dental pulp cells grown in chemically defined serum-free medium.

Dental pulp cells (DPCs) are promising candidates for use as transplantable cells in regenerative medicine. However, ex vivo expansion of these cells typically requires culture media containing fetal bovine serum, which may cause infection and immunological reaction following transplantation. In addition, the proliferation and differentiation of DPCs markedly depend upon serum batches. Therefore, the present study examined whether DPCs could be expanded under serum-free conditions. DPCs obtained from four donors were identified to proliferate actively in the serum-free medium, STK2, when compared with those cells in control medium (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing 10% serum). The high proliferative potential with STK2 was maintained through multiple successive culture passages. DNA microarray analyses demonstrated that the gene expression profile of DPCs grown in STK2 was similar to that of cells grown in the control medium; however, a number of genes related to cell proliferation, including placental growth factor and inhibin-ßE, were upregulated in the STK2 cultures. Following induction of osteogenesis, DPCs grown in STK2 induced alkaline phosphatase activity and calcification at higher levels compared with the control medium cultures, indicating maintenance of differentiation potential in STK2. This serum-free culture system with DPCs may have applications in further experimental studies and as a clinical strategy in regenerative medicine.