[Penicillin: from discovery to patenting the large-scale production process]. / Penicilina: da descoberta ao patenteamento do processo de produção em larga escala.

This article examines discoveries, inventions, and innovations related to penicillin by sampling activities to solve technological problems which can be traced by the distribution of scientific articles, government reports, innovations, and patents between 1929 and 1945, and proposes reflection on the importance of scientific progress for national security. The analysis highlights the technological trajectory and outcomes in the area of intellectual property, considering US policy implemented to catalyze innovation and provide institutional conditions to meet national defense needs as an important factor, although this did not necessarily imply a unique solution in other contexts.

A partir de pesquisa sobre a descoberta, a invenção e a inovação relacionadas à penicilina, por amostra de atividades de resolução de problemas tecnológicos rastreada pela distribuição, no período de 1929 a 1945, de trabalhos científicos, relatórios de governo, inovações e patentes, o artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre a importância do progresso científico para a segurança nacional. A análise destaca a trajetória tecnológica e os resultados na área de propriedade intelectual, considerando um fator importante a política implementada nos EUA para catalisar processos de inovação e oferecer condições institucionais para atender às demandas de defesa nacional, o que não significa necessariamente unicidade de solução em outros contextos.

Detection of elusive DNA copy-number variations in hereditary disease and cancer through the use of noncoding and off-target sequencing reads.

Copy-number variants (CNVs) play a substantial role in the molecular pathogenesis of hereditary disease and cancer, as well as in normal human interindividual variation. However, they are still rather difficult to identify in mainstream sequencing projects, especially involving exome sequencing, because they often occur in DNA regions that are not targeted for analysis. To overcome this problem, we developed OFF-PEAK, a user-friendly CNV detection tool that builds on a denoising approach and the use of "off-target" DNA reads, which are usually discarded by sequencing pipelines. We benchmarked OFF-PEAK on data from targeted sequencing of 96 cancer samples, as well as 130 exomes of individuals with inherited retinal disease from three different populations. For both sets of data, OFF-PEAK demonstrated excellent performance (>95% sensitivity and >80% specificity vs. experimental validation) in detecting CNVs from in silico data alone, indicating its immediate applicability to molecular diagnosis and genetic research.

Imprensa e Insegurança Alimentar no Brasil da pandemia / Media and food insecurity in Brazil during pandemic

Introdução: Este texto identifica e analisa matérias jornalísticas que abordaram o consumo de alimentos  durante a pandemia, no contexto da crise econômica e do desmonte das políticas públicas de segurança alimentar no país. Objetivo: O objetivo geral do trabalho é analisar o conteúdo das matérias que abordaram o tema para perceber que mensagens elas transmitiam a respeito do agravamento da insegurança alimentar no contexto da crise econômica e do aumento do preço dos alimentos. Método: Para efetuar a análise do conteúdo, foram selecionadas 15 matérias nos sites de dois jornais, a saber, Extra e G1, do Grupo Globo S.A., publicadas entre 2020 e 2021, auge da pandemia. Resultados: Os resultados obtidos mostraram que, via de regra, a cobertura jornalística abordou o aumento do preço dos alimentos e dos custos na cadeia de suprimentos como uma realidade dada ­ às vezes, da natureza ­ e não como resultante de um processo construído politica e socialmente a partir das decisões políticas dos nossos dirigentes. Com isso, os verdadeiros responsáveis pela crise e pelo desmonte das políticas de segurança alimentar seguiram invisíveis e, portanto, protegidos da opinião pública. Discussão: O estudo examina de forma crítica o papel da mídia na produção de mensagens que perpetuam narrativas que ocultam os responsáveis pelos problemas coletivos da população e mostra, a partir da trajetória do setor, as decisões políticas que nos levaram de volta ao mapa da fome. Por fim, destaca a importância de reativar o CONSEA como órgão consultivo fundamental no combate à insegurança alimentar. (AU)

Introduction: This text identifies and analyzes journalistic articles that addressed food consumption during the pandemic, in the context of the economic crisis and the dismantling of public food security policies in the country. Objective: The general objective of the work is to analyze the content of the articles that addressed the theme to understand what messages they transmitted regarding the worsening of food insecurity in the context of the economic crisis and the increase in food prices. Method: To perform the content analysis, 15 articles were selected on the websites of two newspapers, namely, Extra and G1, from Grupo Globo S.A., published between 2020 and 2021, the height of pandemic. Results: The results showed, mostly, that journalistic coverage addressed the increase in food prices and costs in the supply chain as a given reality ­ sometimes, of nature ­ and not as a result of a political and social process, based on the political decisions of our leaders. As a result, those truly responsible for the crisis and the dismantling of food security policies were not properly identified or held accountable for their actions. Discussion: The study critically examines the role of the media in producing messages that perpetuate narratives that hide those responsible for the collective problems of the population and shows, based on the trajectory of the sector, the political decisions that led us back to the hunger map. Finally, it highlights the importance of reactivating the CONSEA as fundamental advisory body in the fight against food insecurity. (AU)

A pandemia do capital no saneamento / The pandemic of capital in the water supply sector

RESUMO Este texto tem o propósito de mostrar que as novas alterações na regulação dos serviços ligados à água são o efeito, em escala nacional, de uma transformação estrutural recente na dinâmica de acumulação capitalista mundial. O objetivo é situar os leitores do campo da saúde no processo de financeirização que avança no setor do saneamento no Brasil e ameaça o direito ao acesso. Para tanto, pretende-se mostrar, a partir da perspectiva da geografia crítica e da ecologia política, como a nova lei do saneamento aprovada durante a pandemia e a proposta de criação de um mercado de águas no Brasil vão ao encontro do movimento das elites internacionais que, diante das crises cíclicas do setor produtivo, buscam nos bens comuns e na natureza novas oportunidades de lucro. Discutem-se, também, o papel do Estado nesse processo e os efeitos mapeados pela literatura que investiga esse assunto.

ABSTRACT This paper aims to show that the recent changes in the framework of water-related services represent, on a national scale, the effect of a recent structural change in the dynamics of global capitalism. The purpose is to clarify readers in the field of health on the process of financialization that is taking place in the sanitation sector in Brazil, which threatens public health. Therefore, we intend to show, from the perspective of the critical geography theory, how the new sanitation framework and the creation of a water market in Brazil meet the interests of the international elites who, in the face of cyclical crises in the productive field, seek for opportunities to profit from common goods and nature. It also discusses the role of the State in this entire process and the likely effects that have already been pointed out by the literature on the subject.

A oferta pública de medicamentos para aids e o papel de Farmanguinhos / Public supply of AIDS drugs and the role of Farmanguinhos

Resumo Este artigo descreve e analisa a participação do Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos (Farmanguinhos) na produção local de medicamentos antirretrovirais no Brasil. São também apresentadas as mudanças no padrão de provimento, a situação das parcerias para o desenvolvimento produtivo e a posição dos produtores nacionais para esses medicamentos. As estratégias metodológicas foram revisão bibliográfica, análise de documentos oficiais e dados fornecidos por Farmanguinhos e pelo Departamento de Condições Crônicas e Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis do Ministério da Saúde, via Lei de Acesso à Informação. Este artigo mostra que o estabelecimento das parcerias abriu novas perspectivas para o desenvolvimento da política de oferta pública de antirretrovirais para as pessoas vivendo com HIV, por contribuir para a sustentabilidade das despesas financeiras do Ministério da Saúde com medicamentos. Farmanguinhos é o laboratório público que fornece mais quantidades e recebe os maiores valores provenientes do fornecimento desses produtos ao Ministério da Saúde. Embora os medicamentos importados preponderem largamente em quantidade e valores pagos pelo Ministério da Saúde, Farmanguinhos permanece sendo um provedor fundamental na produção local de antirretrovirais. Apesar dos problemas verificados nas Parcerias, os ganhos nas competências tecnológicas na produção de antirretrovirais podem ampliar o horizonte tecnológico e produtivo do laboratório.

Abstract This article describes and analyses the part played by the Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos (Farmanguinhos) in local production of antiretroviral medicines in Brazil, as well as changes in the pattern of supply, the status of related Production Development Partnerships and the position of Brazilian producers of these medicines. The methodological strategies used were literature review and analysis of official documents and data provided by Farmanguinhos and by the Ministry of Health's Department of Chronic Conditions and Sexually Transmitted Infections, via the Information Access Law. This article shows that, by contributing to the sustainability of Ministry of Health expenditure on medicines, these partnerships have opened new prospects for developing the policy of public supply of antiretrovirals for people living with HIV. Farmanguinhos is the public laboratory that supplies the largest quantities of these products to the Ministry of Health and receives the largest revenues from supplying them. Although the imported medicines supplied to the Ministry of Health account for much larger quantities and revenues, Farmanguinhos continues to be a fundamentally important supplier of locally produced antiretrovirals. Despite the problems found in establishing the partnerships, the gains in antiretroviral production technology competences can broaden the laboratory's technological and production horizons.

Gênero e a pandemia Covid-19: revisão da produção científica nas ciências da saúde no Brasil / Gender and the COVID-19 pandemic: a review of the Brazilian scientific production in health sciences

RESUMO Este artigo analisou a produção científica brasileira do campo das ciências da saúde que incorpora questões de gênero aos estudos sobre a pandemia da Covid-19. A busca pelas publicações foi realizada nas bases bibliográficas da área da saúde; seus resultados foram categorizados em eixos temáticos e, em seguida, analisados. Busca-se não apenas caracterizar como a assimetria de gênero é tratada no campo das ciências da saúde, mas também apreender as repercussões da pandemia apontadas sobre a saúde das mulheres. Elas sofreram duramente com aumento do desemprego, da sobrecarga doméstica, da violência pelos parceiros, dos transtornos emocionais e de sua qualidade de vida mostrando que as ações políticas para o enfrentamento da pandemia, quando não pensadas sob as lentes das desigualdades de gênero, são potencialmente produtoras de maiores vulnerabilidades para grupos já vulneráveis antes da crise sanitária, como é o caso das mulheres, especialmente quando negras, pobres e idosas. Isso inclui a devida qualificação profissional da rede de assistência básica e dos profissionais de saúde no que tange à abordagem de gênero, como notou a literatura aqui revisada.

ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the Brazilian scientific production in health sciences, which incorporates gender issues into the COVID-19 pandemic studies. We searched for publications in the bibliographic health databases; their results were categorized into thematic axes and then analyzed. Our work does not only aim to characterize how gender asymmetry is addressed in health sciences but also acknowledges the repercussions of the pandemic pointed out on women's health. Women suffered severely from increased unemployment, domestic overload, partner violence, emotional disorders, and their quality of life, showing that political actions to fight the pandemic, when not inspected through the lens of gender inequalities, potentially prompt more significant vulnerabilities for groups already vulnerable before the health crisis, such as women, notably when racialized and poor, which also includes proper professional qualification of the primary care network and health professionals with regards to gender approaches, as noted in the literature reviewed.

An Apparently Balanced Complex Chromosome Rearrangement Involving Seven Breaks and Four Chromosomes in a Healthy Female and Segregation/Recombination in Her Affected Son.

Duplication of the distal 1q and 4p segments are both characterized by the presence of intellectual disability/neurodevelopmental delay and dysmorphisms. Here, we describe a male with a complex chromosome rearrangement (CCR) presenting with overlapping clinical findings between these 2 syndromes. In order to better characterize this CCR, classical karyotyping, FISH, and chromosomal microarray analysis were performed on material from the patient and his parents, which revealed an unbalanced karyotype with duplications at 1q41q43 and 4p15.2p14 in the proband. The rearrangements, which were derived from a maternal balanced karyotype, included an insertion of a segment from the long to the short arm of chromosome 1, a balanced translocation involving chromosomes 14 and 18, and an insertion of a segment from the short arm of chromosome 4 into the derived chromosome 14. This study aimed to better define the clinical history and prognosis of a patient with this rare category of chromosomal aberration. Our results suggest that the frequency of CCR in the general population may be underestimated; when balanced, they may not have a phenotypic effect. Moreover, they emphasize the need for cytogenetic techniques complementary to chromosomal microarray for proper genetic counseling.

Extensive Refractory Perineal Pyoderma Gangrenosum Treated with Infliximab, Fecal Diversion, and Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy.

BACKGROUND: Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare and difficult-to-diagnose disease that often associates with inflammatory bowel disease. CASE: We present a case of a 57-year-old female with ulcerative colitis receiving 5-ASA who presented with rapidly progressive ulcers in the right foot and on the inside of the thigh, extending from the left large vaginal lip to the perianal area, compatible with PG. She was initially treated with corticosteroids with no response. After multidisciplinary consultation, it was decided to initiate in-fliximab 5 mg/kg, and to perform ileostomy for fecal diversion and negative-pressure wound therapy. The patient presented with marked improvement of the lesions, being discharged after 2 months and demonstrating almost complete resolution of the lesions within 4 months. CONCLUSION: Due to the rarity of PG, there is no evidence of the optimal management. The role of surgery is controversial as PG lesions can demonstrate pathergy and theoretically could worsen with surgical intervention. In this case it was decided based on the extent of the lesions and the experience in other septic/ulcerative perianal conditions.

INTRODUÇÃO: O pioderma gangrenoso (PG) é uma doença rara e de difícil diagnóstico, que frequentemente se associa à doença inflamatória intestinal. CASO: Apresentamos um caso de uma mulher de 57 anos de idade com colite ulcerosa sob 5-ASA que recorreu ao serviço de urgência pelo aparecimento de úlceras rapidamente progressivas no pé direito e no interior da coxa, estendendo-se desde o grande lábio vaginal esquerdo até à área perianal, compatível com PG. A doente foi inicialmente tratada com corticosteroides, sem resposta. Após consulta multidisciplinar, optou-se por iniciar o infliximab 5 mg/kg, realizar ileostomia para desvio fecal e iniciar terapia de vácuo com pressão negativa. A doente apresentou melhoria marcada das lesões tendo tido alta após 2 meses e demonstrando resolução quase completa das lesões aos 4 meses. CONCLUSÃO: Devido à raridade do PG, não há evidências de qual a abordagem ideal. O papel da cirurgia é controverso, pois as lesões do PG podem demonstrar patergiae teoricamente poderiam piorar com a intervenção cirúrgica. Neste caso, a opção cirúrgica foi tomada com base na extensão das lesões e na experiência em outras condições perianais sépticas/ulcerativas.

Subcutaneous pedicle transposition flap for nasal ala defect reconstruction: a forgotten technique.

As a central and prominent structure of the face, the nose has particular aesthetic and functional importance and constitutes a true reconstructive challenge. Subcutaneous transposition flaps are rarely used in this region, but the surgical technique can be modified for the use of a simple flap with good aesthetic results, thereby gaining a prominent place in the range of options available for nasal ala reconstruction. We present a unique case report of a modified subcutaneous pedicle transposition flap for nasal ala defect reconstruction, showing that this flap can be applied on this area with good aesthetic results and a simple technique.

Ungual Tuberculosis: A Unique Clinical Case.

Cutaneous manifestations of tuberculosis (TB) are rare, particularly from an exogenous source. Involvement of the nail apparatus is extremely rare and has only previously been reported as a secondary involvement. We report the case of a 76-year-old female patient referred to our department with onychodystrophy with purulent drainage of the first left finger, which had developed during the preceding year. She had no previous traumatic history and had received treatment with multiple cycles of oral antibiotics and antimycotics, with no clinical improvement. Physical examination showed paronychia and onychodystrophy of the entire nail plate. Biopsy evaluation revealed epithelioid granulomas with central foci of necrosis, and laboratory cultures were positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosiscomplex. Chest computed tomography excluded primary pulmonary TB. X-ray of the left hand revealed the presence of dactylitis on the distal phalanx. Based on these findings, the patient was treated with rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol for 2 months and with rifampicin and isoniazid for 7 months, resulting in complete resolution of the lesions. Cutaneous TB is a diagnostic challenge, particularly in rare cases such as involvement of the nail apparatus. It should be considered as a diagnostic hypothesis in cases of painless paronychia with refractory purulent drainage and associated onychodystrophy.

Desafios para o investimento público em saneamento no Brasil / Challenges for public investment in sanitation in Brazil

RESUMO Este estudo investiga o desempenho dos principais programas de investimento em saneamento no âmbito do Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento (PAC) para mostrar se a escassez de recursos é o que explica o fracasso dessa política no País, como sustentam as atuais propostas de reforma do setor em tramitação. A partir dos dados sistematizados no Siga-Brasil e da análise dos relatórios dos órgãos de controle, foi possível reconstituir a trajetória de execução orçamentária dos programas e identificar as principais dificuldades enfrentadas para a sua operacionalização. À luz da literatura disponível, percebe-se que a estratégia federal centrada no incentivo financeiro reduziu o protagonismo da União ao repasse de verbas, quando era necessária uma atuação mais incisiva quanto aos problemas estruturais apresentados por municípios e estados brasileiros. Nesse sentido, o baixo gasto orçamentário estaria menos ligado à disponibilidade dos recursos que aos obstáculos institucionais encontrados em nível local, onde a política de saneamento é primariamente executada. Por fim, alerta-se para a necessidade de pensar arranjos de colaboração federativa mais eficazes em reduzir os custos transacionais de implementação dessa política, especialmente agora em que os cortes de orçamento ameaçam o fluxo de investimentos no setor.

ABSTRACT This paper focus on the performance of the main programs of investment in sanitation within the scope of the GAP (Growth Acceleration Program - PAC) to show if scarcity of resources itself can explain the failure of such policy in the country, as supported by the current proposals to change regulation. Based on the data available in the Siga-Brasil database, and in the reports made by the existing accountability institutions, we were able to track the expenses of the projects and identifying the main difficulties which prevented them from succeeding. Based on the literature available, we could infer that the federal strategy focused mainly on financial incentive reduced the Union's role as an agent of transferring of funds, instead of acting on the main structural problems of the sector, found in Brazilian municipalities and states. In that sense, it concludes that underfunding would not have been the cause, but rather a reflection of the obstacles faced by the Union's strategy at the local levels, in which this policy is actually implemented. Finally, it recommends that we should think about new arrangements to reduce the transactional costs of the policy, especially now that cuts on public budget have interrupted the flow of investments to the sector.

Is a combined programme of manual therapy and exercise more effective than usual care in patients with non-specific chronic neck pain? A randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a combined intervention of manual therapy and exercise (MET) versus usual care (UC), on disability, pain intensity and global perceived recovery, in patients with non-specific chronic neck pain (CNP). DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Outpatient care units. SUBJECTS: Sixty-four non-specific CNP patients were randomly allocated to MET (n = 32) or UC (n = 32) groups. INTERVENTIONS: Participants in the MET group received 12 sessions of mobilization and exercise, whereas the UC group received 15 sessions of usual care in physiotherapy. MAIN MEASURES: The primary outcome was disability (Neck Disability Index). The secondary outcomes were pain intensity (Numeric Pain Rating Scale) and global perceived recovery (Patient Global Impression Change). Patients were assessed at baseline, three weeks, six weeks (end of treatment) and at a three-month follow-up. RESULTS: Fifty-eight participants completed the study. No significant between-group difference was observed on disability and pain intensity at baseline. A significant between-group difference was observed on disability at three-week, six-week and three-month follow-up (median (P25-P75): 6 (3.25-9.81) vs. 15.5 (11.28-20.75); P < 0.001), favouring the MET group. Regarding pain intensity, a significant between-group difference was observed at six-week and three-month follow-up (median (P25-P75): 2 (1-2.51) vs. 5 (3.33-6); P < 0.001), with superiority of effect in MET group. Concerning the global perceived recovery, a significant between-group difference was observed only at the three-month follow-up (P = 0.001), favouring the MET group. CONCLUSION: This study's findings suggest that a combination of manual therapy and exercise is more effective than usual care on disability, pain intensity and global perceived recovery.

Is sanitation essential to human health? The sanitation issue in the public health field. / Saneamento é saúde? O saneamento no campo da saúde coletiva.

Although sanitation problems seem to have been resolved, every day thousands of children around the world die of diseases caused by the lack of it. Nevertheless, sanitation remains virtually invisible in the Brazilian health sector agenda. The objective of this study is to investigate the importance given to this topic by researchers from the public health field. The relevance of the subject was mapped out in CNPq's research groups, Brazilian scientific journals, and public health graduate programs. The results showed that few of these programs addressed the topic of sanitation. As a consequence, few public health research groups study and publish about sanitation in the journals assessed. The potential factors that could be behind the limited interest in sanitation shown by the public health academic community are discussed.

Milhares de crianças no mundo ainda morrem por doenças causadas pela falta de saneamento. Entretanto, o saneamento segue quase invisível na agenda da saúde brasileira. O objetivo deste estudo é investigar a relevância dada ao tema pelos pesquisadores do campo da saúde coletiva. Para isso mapeou-se a presença do tema nos grupos de pesquisa do CNPq, nos periódicos científicos nacionais e nos programas de pós-graduação em saúde coletiva. Os resultados mostraram que poucos desses programas abordam o tema. Assim, poucos grupos de pesquisa em saúde coletiva estudam e publicam sobre saneamento nos periódicos avaliados. Fatores que poderiam estar associados à aparente baixa relevância dada ao tema pela comunidade acadêmica da saúde coletiva são discutidos.

Comparative effectiveness of purpuragenic 595 nm pulsed dye laser versus sequential emission of 595 nm pulsed dye laser and 1,064 nm Nd:YAG laser: a double-blind randomized controlled study.

INTRODUCTION: Erythematotelangiectatic rosacea is a common condition in Caucasians. The most frequently used lasers to treat this condition are pulsed dye laser (PDL) and neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser (Nd:YAG). This study compares the treatment efficacy of purpuragenic PDL with that of sequential emission of 595 nm PDL and 1,064 nm Nd:YAG (multiplexed PDL/Nd:YAG). METHODS: We performed a prospective, randomized, and controlled split-face study. Both cheeks were treated, with side randomization to receive treatment with PDL or multiplexed PDL/Nd:YAG. Efficacy was evaluated by spectrophotometric measurement, visual photograph evaluation, the Dermatology Quality of Life Index questionnaire, and a post-treatment questionnaire. RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients completed the study. Treatment was associated with a statistically significant improvement in quality of life (p < 0.001). PDL and multiplexed PDL/Nd:YAG modalities significantly reduced the erythema index (EI; p < 0.05). When comparing the degree of EI reduction, no differences were observed between the two treatment modalities. PDL was associated with a higher degree of pain and a higher percentage of purpura. Multiplexed PDL/Nd:YAG modality was associated with fewer side effects and greater global satisfaction, and 96.3% of the patients would recommend this treatment to a friend. CONCLUSIONS: Both laser modalities are efficacious in the treatment of erythematotelangiectatic rosacea. The multiplexed PDL/Nd:YAG modality was preferred by the patients.

Saneamento é saúde? O saneamento no campo da saúde coletiva / Is sanitation essential to human health? The sanitation issue in the public health field

Resumo Milhares de crianças no mundo ainda morrem por doenças causadas pela falta de saneamento. Entretanto, o saneamento segue quase invisível na agenda da saúde brasileira. O objetivo deste estudo é investigar a relevância dada ao tema pelos pesquisadores do campo da saúde coletiva. Para isso mapeou-se a presença do tema nos grupos de pesquisa do CNPq, nos periódicos científicos nacionais e nos programas de pós-graduação em saúde coletiva. Os resultados mostraram que poucos desses programas abordam o tema. Assim, poucos grupos de pesquisa em saúde coletiva estudam e publicam sobre saneamento nos periódicos avaliados. Fatores que poderiam estar associados à aparente baixa relevância dada ao tema pela comunidade acadêmica da saúde coletiva são discutidos.

Abstract Although sanitation problems seem to have been resolved, every day thousands of children around the world die of diseases caused by the lack of it. Nevertheless, sanitation remains virtually invisible in the Brazilian health sector agenda. The objective of this study is to investigate the importance given to this topic by researchers from the public health field. The relevance of the subject was mapped out in CNPq's research groups, Brazilian scientific journals, and public health graduate programs. The results showed that few of these programs addressed the topic of sanitation. As a consequence, few public health research groups study and publish about sanitation in the journals assessed. The potential factors that could be behind the limited interest in sanitation shown by the public health academic community are discussed.

Bullous lupus erythematosus with an erythema gyratum repens-like pattern.

Bullous lupus erythematosus is a rare clinical form of lupus. The diagnosis is challenging and involves the exclusion of other subepidermal bullous dermatoses. We present a 21-year-old woman with erythematosus, polycyclic plaques with vesiculobullae along the periphery, creating an erythema gyratum repens-like pattern on acral regions. The cutaneous biopsy, analytical, and autoimmune studies support the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Dapsone and glucocorticosteroids were given with prompt resolution of the lesions within two weeks. To our knowledge this is the first case of bullous lupus erythematosus with this atypical acral presentation.

Daylight photodynamic therapy in 25 patients with actinic keratosis and evaluation of efficacy by confocal microscopy.

BACKGROUND: Daylight photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been reported as having similar efficacy to conventional photodynamic therapy in actinic keratosis treatment. METHODS: 25 patients with actinic keratosis of the scalp and/or face were submitted to a daylight photodynamic therapy session. Adverse reactions were evaluated after one week and efficacy after 3 months. Confocal Microscopy was performed in 6 patients, before and one week after the treatment. Our aim was to compare our results with others studies and analyse the changes occurring in the epidermis and upper dermis with confocal microscopy. RESULTS: 76% of the patients were male. The mean age was 74.2 years. In 51.7% of patients the treatment site was the scalp. Mean cure rate at 3 months was 74%. Aesthetic results were excellent in all patients and only one patient reported mild pain during the 2 h exposure. Confocal Microscopy showed a normalization of the honeycomb pattern in all of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: This therapy has similar results to conventional photodynamic therapy and stands out for less discomfort, fewer adverse effects and better cost-effectiveness. Using confocal microscopy it's possible to in vivo demonstrate the efficacy of this method, with normalization of the honeycomb pattern in the epidermis following succcessful PDT.

Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis in a patient with FOLFOX chemotherapy.

This case study describes a 37-year-old Caucasian male with pruritic papules and plaques-some with central erosion-on the arms, neck, and trunk that appeared after chemotherapy with FOLFOX (folinic acid, fluorouacil, and oxiliplatin) for colon cancer. A histological examination showed features of neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis due to FOLFOX.