Clinical practice guidelines of foot care practice for patients with type 2 diabetes: A scoping review using self-care model.

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes can lead to severe foot complications, making self-care education, guided by clinical guidelines, crucial. However, fragmented and dispersed recommendations challenge effective implementation of these guidelines. Bringing together recommendations and presenting them according to a self-care model can provide a solid framework and facilitate the interpretation of results. AIMS: to map the international guidelines that provide recommendations to nurses to enable people with type 2 diabetes for foot self-care and synthesize the recommendations according to the key concepts of the middle-range theory of self-care for chronic diseases. DESIGN: A scoping review was undertaken, using the methodological guidance of the Joanna Briggs Institute. DATA SOURCES: Databases were searched between September 2022 and June 2023, including PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, guideline websites and related professional association websites. The databases were chosen for their comprehensive coverage of the area. METHODS: Eligible articles included guidance documents providing foot care recommendations for diabetes, published or updated between 2013 and 2023. Two reviewers summarized the recommendations presented in at least two guidelines according to the key concepts of the self-care model. The PRISMA-ScR checklist was used. RESULTS: Seventeen guidelines were included. In total, we synthesized 175 recommendations. The recommendations were framed in three dimensions and their respective categories: Self-care maintenance (education for prevention, control of risk factors, daily foot care, footwear, and socks), Self-care monitoring (foot inspection, detection of signs of infection, and detection of other diabetes-related foot disease complications), and Self-care management (responses to signs and symptoms, foot wound care, follow-up with health professionals, and health services). CONCLUSIONS: The main aspect of foot care revolves around daily care, including cleaning, moisturizing, nail care, selecting appropriate footwear, and regular inspection of both feet and footwear.

Needs and preferences regarding a mobile application to support diabetic foot self-care.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the needs and preferences of individuals with type 2 diabetes regarding the functionalities and characteristics for a mobile application to support foot self-care. METHOD: Qualitative research with 16 individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes recruited during clinical care at a university hospital in Porto, Portugal. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews between March and June 2022 and analyzed using inductive content analysis. RESULTS: Three categories and nine subcategories were identified. Categories included informational needs, essential functionalities for foot health self-care, and user-relevant experience. The preference for objective, limited data input, flexible, and customizable applications was an important factor influencing technology engagement. CONCLUSION: The research highlighted a preference for customizable and flexible applications, aiding nurses in creating solutions that transform care delivery and enhance the quality of life for individuals living with diabetes.

Assessing the Effectiveness of a Massive Open Online Course for Caregivers Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: Methodological Study.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has presented significant challenges to health care systems, particularly impacting the older population due to their vulnerability and increased susceptibility to severe complications. Many of the most vulnerable individuals rely on informal caregivers, who play a vital role in enabling them to continue living in their homes. However, social isolation and limited access to health services during the pandemic have made caregiving more difficult. In response, massive open online courses (MOOCs) have emerged as a training and support solution for caregivers. This study focuses on a MOOC developed to assist caregivers during the pandemic, aiming to enhance their knowledge of COVID-19 and prevention measures and promote effective self-care practices. OBJECTIVE: The study's aim is to develop and validate a MOOC integrating personal and housing hygiene measures to be adopted in self-care-related activities, surveillance, and monitoring by caregivers of the most vulnerable home-dwelling-dependent people, to provide safe care and prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS: A methodological study was developed. The content of the MOOC was developed based on scientific evidence and a Delphi study. The course was organized into 9 modules, addressing aspects related to safe self-care assistance and minimizing the risk of contagion. A convenience sample of 33 informal caregivers was recruited through a caregivers' association to verify the adequacy of the course. Knowledge questionnaires were administered before and after the course to assess the impact on caregivers' knowledge. The Family Caregiving Factors Inventory was used to evaluate caregiver resources, knowledge, expectations, and difficulties. Additionally, the technology acceptance model was applied to assess participants' satisfaction with the MOOC. RESULTS: Prior to attending the MOOC, participants demonstrated an average knowledge level score of mean 14.94 (SD 2.72). After completing the course, this score significantly increased to mean 16.52 (SD 2.28), indicating an improvement in knowledge. Caregivers found the course accessible, valuable, and applicable to their caregiving roles. Feedback regarding the MOOC's structure, illustrative videos, and language was overwhelmingly positive. Participants perceived the course as a valuable resource for decision-making in care delivery, leading to enhanced self-esteem and confidence. CONCLUSIONS: The MOOC has proven to be an effective tool for increasing caregivers' knowledge and empowering them in their roles. Remarkably, even low-literacy caregivers found the course valuable for its clear and understandable information. The MOOC demonstrated its adaptability to challenges faced during the pandemic, ensuring access to relevant information. This empowering strategy for caregivers has yielded positive outcomes. The MOOC represents a tool to support and empower informal caregivers, enabling them to provide optimal care during difficult times.

Realistic simulation in nursing education: Testing two scenario-based models.

AIM: To evaluate students' self-perceived pedagogical outcomes when using a digital scenario-based tool compared to traditional scenarios printed on paper. DESIGN: This study used a within-subjects experiment. METHOD: A digital platform for scenario development was developed, focusing on patients' regaining independence and returning home after an acute event. Students participated in two simulation activities, differing only in the type of scenario used and completed a questionnaire to evaluate their learning experience. RESULTS: Students considered that the new scenario template provided a clearer understanding of the situation under analysis, allowing them to recognize the focuses of attention to be prioritized when formulating the intervention plan. No Patient or Public Contribution: A digital platform for a standardized process of scenario writing to help realistic simulation in nursing education is a novelty in this study and will likely contribute to substantial learning gains.

Construção e validação de cartilha educativa para promoção da adesão a antidiabéticos orais / Construcción y validación de un folleto educativo para promover la adherencia a los antidiabéticos orales / Construction and validation of an educational booklet to promote adherence to oral antidiabetics

RESUMO Objetivo construir e validar cartilha educativa para promover a adesão a antidiabéticos orais em pessoas com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2. Método estudo metodológico com construção e validação por comitê de 25 juízes, realizado em 2020, em Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram avaliados conteúdo, linguagem, ilustrações, layout, motivação e cultura. Utilizou-se o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo, considerando válidos resultados iguais ou superiores a 0,80. Resultados a cartilha, intitulada "Planejando a tomada dos medicamentos no tratamento do Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2. Vamos lá?", foi composta por 24 páginas com informações sobre adesão medicamentosa, controle glicêmico, modo de uso dos principais antidiabéticos orais, agravos da não adesão e estratégias comportamentais para a efetivação da tomada destes medicamentos. Na validação de conteúdo, IVC foi de 0,92. Conclusão a cartilha mostrou-se material educativo válido para ser utilizado, a fim de promover a adesão aos antidiabéticos orais.

RESUMEN Objetivo construir y validar un folleto educativo para promover la adherencia a los agentes antidiabéticos orales en personas con Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2. Método estudio metodológico con construcción y valoración por comité de 25 jueces, realizado en 2020, en Minas Gerais, Brasil. Se evaluó el contenido, el lenguaje, las ilustraciones, el diseño, la motivación y la cultura. Se utilizó el Índice de Validez de Contenido, considerando válidos resultados iguales o superiores a 0,80. Resultados la cartilla, titulada "Planificando la toma de medicamentos en el tratamiento de la Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2. Vamos allá", se compone de 24 páginas con información sobre la adicción a los medicamentos, el control glicémico, el modo de uso de los principales antidiabéticos orales, los efectos de la no adicción y las estrategias de comportamiento para la eficacia de la toma de los medicamentos. En la valoración del contenido, el IVC fue de 0,92. Conclusión el folleto es un material educativo válido para ser utilizado, con el fin de promover la adhesión a los antidiabéticos orales.

ABSTRACT Objective to construct and validate an educational booklet to promote adherence to oral antidiabetic agents in people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Method methodological study with construction and validation by a committee of 25 judges, conducted in 2020, in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Content, language, illustrations, layout, motivation, and culture were evaluated. The Content Validity Index was used, considering valid results equal to or greater than 0.80. Results The booklet entitled "Planning to take medications in the treatment of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Let´s go?", was composed of 24 pages with information on drug adherence, glycemic control, how to use the main oral antidiabetic agents, problems of nonadherence, and behavioral strategies for the effective taking of these medications. In content validation, CVI was 0.92. Conclusion the booklet proved to be a valid educational material to be used to promote adherence to oral antidiabetic drugs.

Construção e validação de cartilha educativa para promoção da adesão a antidiabéticos orais / Construcción y validación de un folleto educativo para promover la adherencia a los antidiabéticos orales / Construction and validation of an educational booklet to promote adherence to oral antidiabetics

RESUMO Objetivo construir e validar cartilha educativa para promover a adesão a antidiabéticos orais em pessoas com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2. Método estudo metodológico com construção e validação por comitê de 25 juízes, realizado em 2020, em Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram avaliados conteúdo, linguagem, ilustrações, layout, motivação e cultura. Utilizou-se o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo, considerando válidos resultados iguais ou superiores a 0,80. Resultados a cartilha, intitulada "Planejando a tomada dos medicamentos no tratamento do Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2. Vamos lá?", foi composta por 24 páginas com informações sobre adesão medicamentosa, controle glicêmico, modo de uso dos principais antidiabéticos orais, agravos da não adesão e estratégias comportamentais para a efetivação da tomada destes medicamentos. Na validação de conteúdo, IVC foi de 0,92. Conclusão a cartilha mostrou-se material educativo válido para ser utilizado, a fim de promover a adesão aos antidiabéticos orais.

RESUMEN Objetivo construir y validar un folleto educativo para promover la adherencia a los agentes antidiabéticos orales en personas con Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2. Método estudio metodológico con construcción y valoración por comité de 25 jueces, realizado en 2020, en Minas Gerais, Brasil. Se evaluó el contenido, el lenguaje, las ilustraciones, el diseño, la motivación y la cultura. Se utilizó el Índice de Validez de Contenido, considerando válidos resultados iguales o superiores a 0,80. Resultados la cartilla, titulada "Planificando la toma de medicamentos en el tratamiento de la Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2. Vamos allá", se compone de 24 páginas con información sobre la adicción a los medicamentos, el control glicémico, el modo de uso de los principales antidiabéticos orales, los efectos de la no adicción y las estrategias de comportamiento para la eficacia de la toma de los medicamentos. En la valoración del contenido, el IVC fue de 0,92. Conclusión el folleto es un material educativo válido para ser utilizado, con el fin de promover la adhesión a los antidiabéticos orales.

ABSTRACT Objective to construct and validate an educational booklet to promote adherence to oral antidiabetic agents in people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Method methodological study with construction and validation by a committee of 25 judges, conducted in 2020, in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Content, language, illustrations, layout, motivation, and culture were evaluated. The Content Validity Index was used, considering valid results equal to or greater than 0.80. Results The booklet entitled "Planning to take medications in the treatment of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Let´s go?", was composed of 24 pages with information on drug adherence, glycemic control, how to use the main oral antidiabetic agents, problems of nonadherence, and behavioral strategies for the effective taking of these medications. In content validation, CVI was 0.92. Conclusion the booklet proved to be a valid educational material to be used to promote adherence to oral antidiabetic drugs.

Nurses' Perspective of Treating Patients With an Amputation Due to Diabetic Foot Syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Expert nurses must provide both physical and emotional care to patients with diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) who require an amputation. This includes helping patients and families to cope with this situation, while ensuring the maximum level of comfort. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to explore the perspective of expert nurses on the needs and hospital care of people requiring an amputation due to DFS. METHOD: This was a qualitative multicenter study involving 8 hospitals in Spain and Portugal. In-depth interviews with expert nurses were transcribed verbatim to enable content analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-four expert nurses were interviewed about their knowledge and experience of treating patients with diabetic foot disease. Two themes emerged from the qualitative analysis: (1) poor self-care and the disease trajectory, and (2) effective hospital care. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study highlight the key role that expert nurses play in the care of patients with DFS. Expert nurses considered that amputation leaves the individual physically and psychologically vulnerable, especially upon discharge from hospital. It is therefore essential to provide these patients with comprehensive and multidisciplinary care that includes emotional support.

Empowerment comunitário em saúde escolar - adolescente com diabetes mellitus tipo 1 / Community empowerment in school health - adolescent with diabetes mellitus type 1

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM1) is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in school age. Health policies point to a greater intervention and accountability of the community towards the health of its members and their full integration in society, promoting the development of health literacy based on an empowerment philosophy. Since the school is a favorable context for intervention, this study, through a review of the literature and based on the Empowerment Nursing-User Model and Laverack Community Empowerment Model, aims to elaborate a Nursing Care Plan Model aimed at training the school community with adolescents with DM1, using ICNP 2017. Agglutinating the first phase of the Laverack Community Empowerment Model (personal action) with the examples of Empowerment Nursing-User Model empowering behaviors (access to information, support, resources, opportunities to learn and grow, informal power and formal power), we identified diagnoses as: potential to raise awareness of the relationship between the therapeutic regimen and DM1 control and potentiality to improve the problematic meaning attributed to the therapeutic regime or illness by the adolescent. According to the phases of approach of small community groups and development of community organizations, we identified diagnoses aimed at the school community and the family like the potential to improve awareness of their role towards the adolescent with DM1. Community empowerment is an instrument to be used in the development of the process of school inclusion and training adolescents with DM1 as well as the whole school community

No disponible

Effect of an 'implementation intention' intervention on adherence to oral anti-diabetic medication in Brazilians with type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of an implementation intention intervention on adherence to an oral anti-diabetic medication regime, diabetes-related distress and on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: A randomized, parallel-group, single-center controlled trial was conducted among adults with type 2 diabetes being managed at the primary care level. The intervention group (IG, n = 45) received an 'implementation intention' intervention; the control group (CG, n = 45) received standard care. Primary outcomes were the taking of oral anti-diabetic medication, global adherence and level of glycated hemoglobin. The secondary outcome was diabetes-related distress. Data were gathered at baseline and after 15 weeks. RESULTS: The IG showed improvements in adherence to an oral anti-diabetic medication regime (p < 0.0001), glycemic control (p < 0.0001) and diabetes-related distress (p < 0.0001) relative to the CG. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation intention intervention enhanced adherence to an oral anti-diabetic medication regime, which had positive effects on blood glucose levels and diabetes-related distress. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Adherence to an oral anti-diabetic medication regime can decrease blood glucose levels and diabetes-related distress and thus reduce complications of type 2 diabetes.

Eficácia de um programa educacional baseado no empowerment na perceção de autoeficácia em utentes com diabetes / Effectiveness of an empowerment-based educational program in self-efficacy perception in patients with diabetes / Eficacia de un programa educativo basado en el empoderamiento en la percepción de la autoeficacia en pacientes con diabetes

Enquadramento: Estudos sugerem que modelos educativos baseados no empowerment, implementados em pessoas com diabetes, poderão fomentar a melhoria da autoeficácia percecionada. Esta variável é considerada relevante na autogestão do regime terapêutico. Objetivos: Avaliar a eficácia de um programa educacional baseado no empowerment, na perceção de autoeficácia, em utentes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Metodologia: Estudo quasi-experimental, com avaliação antes e após implementação do programa, com intervalo de 6 semanas. Amostra aleatória randomizada, constituída por 42 participantes (grupo experimental = 19; grupo de controlo = 23), inscritos numa unidade de saúde familiar da Administração Regional de Saúde do Centro. O Diabetes empowerment Scale - Short Form (DES-SF) foi o instrumento utilizado para determinar a eficácia do programa. Foram assegurados todos os procedimentos formais e éticos. Resultados: Os utentes submetidos a um programa educativo baseado no empowerment apresentaram uma maior perceção de autoeficácia (p = 0,000), comparativamente com aqueles que seguiram o regular protocolo de vigilância. Conclusão: Os programas educacionais baseados no empowerment parecem contribuir para uma melhoria da autoeficácia percebida, pelo que poderão ser assumidos como estratégias a aplicar a utentes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2.

Background: Studies suggest that empowerment-based educational models, implemented in patients with diabetes, may encourage the improvement of perceived self-efficacy. This variable is considered relevant in the therapeutic regimen self-management. Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of an empowerment-based educational program in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methodology: A quasi-experimental study, with two different evaluation moments, with a 6-week interval. A randomized sample of 42 participants (experimental group = 19; control group = 23), registered in a family health unit of the ARS of Central Portugal. The Diabetes empowerment Scale - Short Form (DES-SF) was the instrument chosen to determine the program's effectiveness. All formal and ethical procedures were assured. Results: Patients subjected to the empowerment-based educational program presented a higher self-efficacy perception (p = 0.000) than those who followed the regular surveillance protocol. Conclusion: empowerment-based educational programs seem to contribute to an improvement in perceived self-efficacy and should, therefore, be used as an educational strategy for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Marco contextual: Los estudios sugieren que los modelos educativos basados en el empoderamiento, implementados en personas con diabetes, pueden fomentar la mejora de la autoeficacia percibida. Esta variable se considera relevante en el autocontrol del régimen terapéutico. Objetivos: Evaluar la eficacia de un programa educativo basado en el empoderamiento y la percepción de la autoeficacia en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Metodología: Estudio cuasiexperimental, con evaluación antes y después de la implementación del programa, con un intervalo de 6 semanas. Muestra aleatoria, compuesta por 42 participantes (grupo experimental = 19; grupo de control = 23), inscritos en una unidad de salud familiar de la Administración Regional de Salud del Centro. La Diabetes empowerment Scale - Short Form (DES-SF) fue el instrumento utilizado para determinar la efectividad del programa. Se garantizaron todos los procedimientos formales y éticos. Resultados: Los pacientes que se sometieron a un programa educativo basado en el empoderamiento tuvieron una mayor percepción de la autoeficacia (p = 0,000) en comparación con los que siguieron el protocolo de vigilancia regular. Conclusión: Los programas educativos basados en el empoderamiento parecen contribuir a mejorar la autoeficacia percibida, por lo que pueden asumirse como estrategias para aplicar a los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2.

Estudo das propriedades psicométricas da Escala de Bem-Estar Psicológico de 42 itens / Psychometric properties of the Psychological Well-Being Scale of 42 items / Estudio de las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico de 42 ítems

CONTEXTO: O bem-estar psicológico é um constructo multidimensional que tem merecido atenção dos investigadores no âmbito da saúde mental positiva, na medida em que se relaciona com o desenvolvimento do potencial humano. OBJETIVO: Validar, para a população portuguesa, a versão reduzida de 42 itens da Escala de Bem-Estar Psicológico numa amostra de adultos e jovens adultos. METODOLOGIA: Recorremos à análise fatorial confirmatória e à validade de constructo numa amostra de 252 participantes recrutados a partir de uma instituição de ensino superior, sendo 48% estudantes e 52% docentes e não docentes, a maioria do sexo feminino com média de idade de 31,4 anos e uma escolaridade média de 15,5 anos. Os participantes preencheram um questionário através de uma plataforma informática. A Escala de Bem-Estar Psicológico é constituída por seis constructos teóricos medidos numa escala de resposta do tipo likert. RESULTADOS: A análise fatorial confirmatória mostra índices de ajustamento sofrível tendo, no entanto, melhorado com a eliminação de dois itens. As dimensões da escala apresentaram valores de coeficiente alfa de Cronbach com variação entre 0,71 e 0,82 e uma matriz de correlação que varia entre 0,31 a 0,73, com valores significativos ao nível de 0,01. Apenas a Autonomia se correlacionou com a dimensão Saúde Mental. CONCLUSÕES: A escala em estudo tem mostrado adequação para avaliar o bem-estar psicológico. Esta versão mostra ser discriminativa para a idade, género, escolaridade e condição de saúde mental e uma boa consistência interna. A estrutura fatorial da escala não mostra ser tão clara quanto o quadro teórico sugerido, requerendo novas investigações.

BACKGROUND: The psychological well-being is a multidimensional construct that has deserved the attention of researchers in the field of positive mental health as it relates to the development of human potential. AIM: To validate for Portuguese the reduced version of 42 items of the Psychological Well-Being Scale. METHODS: We used confirmatory factor analysis and construct validity in a sample of 252 participants recruited from a higher education institution, of which 48% were students and 52% were teachers and non-teachers, the majority are female, with a mean age of 31,4 years old and an average schooling of 15.5 years. Participants completed a questionnaire through a computer platform. The Psychological Welfare Scale consists of six theoretical constructs measured on a likert-type response scale. RESULTS: Confirmatory factorial analysis showed satisfactory adjustment indexes, however, improved with the elimination of two items. The scale dimensions presented values ??of Cronbach's alpha coefficient ranging from 0.71 to 0.82 and a correlation matrix ranging from 0.31 to 0.73, with significant values at the 0.01 level. Autonomy alone correlated with the Mental Health dimension. CONCLUSION: The scale in study has shown adequacy to evaluate the psychological well-being. The study version shows to be discriminative for age, gender, schooling and mental health condition and a good internal consistency. The factorial structure of the scale does not show to be as clear as the theoretical framework suggested, requiring further investigations.

CONTEXTO: El bienestar psicológico es un constructo multidimensional que ha merecido la atención de los investigadores en el ámbito de la salud mental positiva en la medida en que se refiere al desarrollo del potencial humano. OBJETIVO: Validar para la populación portuguesa la versión reducida de 42 ítems de la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico. METODOLOGÍA: Aprobemos al análisis factorial confirmatorio ya la validez de constructo en una muestra de 252 participantes reclutados a partir de una institución de enseñanza superior, siendo 48% estudiantes y 52% docentes y no docentes, la mayoría del sexo femenino con media de edad de 31, 4 años y una escolaridad promedio de 15,5 años. Los participantes llenaron un cuestionario a través de una plataforma informática. La Escala de Bienestar Psicológico está constituida por seis constructos teóricos medidos en una escala de respuesta del tipo likert. RESULTADOS: El análisis factorial confirmatorio muestra índices de ajuste sufrido, sin embargo, mejorado con la eliminación de dos ítems. Las dimensiones de la escala presentaron valores de coeficiente alfa de Cronbach con variación entre 0,71 y 0,82 y una matriz de correlación que varía entre 0,31 a 0,73, con valores significativos al nivel de 0,01. Sólo la Autonomía se correlacionó con la dimensión Salud Mental. CONCLUSIÓN: La escala en estudio ha mostrado adecuación para evaluar el bienestar psicológico. La versión en estudio muestra ser discriminatoria para la edad, género, escolaridad y condición de salud mental y una buena consistencia interna. La estructura factorial de la escala no muestra ser tan clara como el cuadro teórico sugerido, requiriendo nuevas investigaciones.

Patients' and Spouses' Contribution Toward Adherence to Self-Care Behaviors in Type 2 Diabetes.

This article focuses on patients' and partners' variables regarding adherence to self-care, in recently diagnosed patients with Type 2 diabetes. One hundred four patients and partners were included. Instruments answered were Family Inventory of Life Events and Changes (family stress), Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scales (family coping), Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (dyadic adjustment), Multidimensional Diabetes Questionnaire (partner support) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (psychological morbidity). Results showed adherence to diet to be positively predicted by patient dyadic adjustment and patient positive support and negatively by partner depression and partner negative support. Adherence to exercise was predicted by patient's family stress and negatively by partner anxiety. Adherence to glucose monitoring was predicted by partner positive support. Psychological variables were not associated with adherence to foot care. Finally, positive partner support moderated the relationship between family stress and dyadic adjustment in patients. The results emphasize the need to treat the patient in the context of the dyad. Future research should focus on partners' specific instrumental behaviors that promote patients' self-care behaviors.

Conhecimento do diabético sobre a doença e a repercussão no tratamento

Objetivo: Descrever o conhecimento do paciente diabético sobre a doença, o tratamento e a repercussão na adesão. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo tipo transversal, observacional, correlacional, desenvolvido com uma população amostral por conveniência de 133 diabéticos assistidos em um Centro de Saúde na Zona do Grande Porto, Portugal. A hipótese previa que haveria uma relação direta entre o conhecimento acerca da doença e a adesão ao tratamento. Resultados: Os diabéticos apresentaram bons conhecimentos sobre a sua doença. Verificou-se que a dimensão na qual estes evidenciaram maiores conhecimentos foi a referente ao tratamento (M igual a 0,81). Quanto às dimensões identidade e causas, os diabéticos apresentaram menos conhecimentos (M igual a 0,51 e M igual a 0,54, respectivamente). A hipótese foi comprovada parcialmente. Embora os resultados indiquem que os conhecimentos e desconhecimentos acerca da diabetes se correlacionam significativamente com alguns comportamento de auto cuidado, como a adesão ao exercício físico e o teste da glicose, a regressão hierárquica mostrou que somente o conhecimento é preditor nos comportamentos de adesão ao teste à glicose (sr igual a 0,31; p igual a 0,026). Quanto ao efeito do sexo e da idade, verificou-se que as mulheres demonstram maior desconhecimento acerca da diabetes e que as pessoas mais idosas aderem mais à alimentação aconselhada. Conclusões: Os profissionais de saúde deverão estar atentos às áreas do conhecimento em que o diabético apresentou ser menos informado, bem como a alguns fatores sócio-demográficos como o sexo e a idade, pois estes poderão influenciar a adesão aos diferentes componentes do tratamento. (AU)