ABSTRACT
Abstract Graduate Specialization courses were created to train and prepare professionals for the labor market. The aim of this investigation is to discuss issues about these graduate courses, the quality of the courses offered, their disadvantages and contributions, given their relevance to the labor market. The retrieved studies were indexed in the databases: Web Science, Proquest, BVS and Scielo. The keywords used were: "lato sensu graduate", "MBA", "quality" and "employability", 419 articles were retrieved, of which 31 were analyzed. The inclusion criteria: 2000 to 2019; scientific articles, open access for download; peer-reviewed journals; in Portuguese, English and Spanish; build and/or validated measurement instruments and quality of the literature. The main results indicate that professionals, when investing in graduate courses, believe in the possibility of insertion in professional life, ascension or career redirection. These programs have shown a loss of quality over time, and this is due to the lack of official monitoring and regulations, in addition to the lack of credibility in the learning offered. This study aims to contribute to the discussion and reflection on - graduate specialization courses, the outdated education system and, in this regard, to raise new scientific concerns that may arise from this research survey.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of replacing Tifton-85 hay (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 % on a dry matter basis) with water hyacinth hay (Eichhornia crassipes) on intake and digestibility of nutrients, feeding behaviour, rumen and blood parameters of sheep. Five uncastrated male sheep, cannulated in the rumen, with an average body weight of 40 kg were assigned in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. The water hyacinth hay contained 870 g/kg dry matter (DM), 159 g/kg crude protein (CP), 547 g/kg neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and 461 g/kg total digestible nutrients (TDN). The DM intake and digestibility of NDF and non-fibre carbohydrates (NFC) were linearly reduced by replacing the Tifton-85 hay with water hyacinth hay. Similarly, there was a linear reduction of rumination time and efficiencies of feeding and rumination of DM and NDF. The concentrations of urea, glucose, AST and GGT in blood plasma were not changed by replacing the Tifton-85 hay with water hyacinth hay. Although water hyacinth hay reduced the intake and digestibility of some nutrients, the Tifton-85 hay replacement could be economically advantageous for sheep feeding.