ABSTRACT
Complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS-I) is a chronic painful condition. We investigated whether manual therapy (MT), in a chronic post-ischemia pain (CPIP) model, is capable of reducing pain behavior and oxidative stress. Male Swiss mice were subjected to ischemia-reperfusion (IR) to mimic CRPS-I. Animals received ankle joint mobilization 48h after the IR procedure, and response to mechanical stimuli was evaluated. For biochemical analyses, mitochondrial function as well as oxidative stress thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyls, antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels were determined. IR induced mechanical hyperalgesia which was subsequently reduced by acute MT treatment. The concentrations of oxidative stress parameters were increased following IR with MT treatment preventing these increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyls protein. IR diminished the levels of SOD and CAT activity and MT treatment prevented this decrease in CAT but not in SOD activity. IR also diminished mitochondrial complex activity, and MT treatment was ineffective in preventing this decrease. In conclusion, repeated sessions of MT resulted in antihyperalgesic effects mediated, at least partially, through the prevention of an increase of MDA and protein carbonyls levels and an improvement in the antioxidant defense system.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization estimates that major depression affects about 350 million people all over the world and reports this disorder as the major contributor to the global burden of diseases. Despite the well-defined symptomatology, major depression is a heterogeneous psychiatric disorder whose pathophysiology is not clearly established. Although several treatments are available, most depressed patients do not achieve the complete remission of symptoms. Factors linked to the persistence of the disorder have been investigated, particularly those related to the way of life. Moreover, it has been suggested that nutritional aspects may influence its development. Among them, a diet rich in ω-3 has been associated with a reduced risk of major depression, although its deficiency is associated with depressive disorders. METHODS: This review provides a general view about evidences of the use of ω-3 in major depression cases. RESULTS: Several studies have demonstrated beneficial effects of ω-3 in the prevention and treatment of major depression. However, not all the results have shown significant statistical benefits. CONCLUSIONS: More studies are necessary to clarify detailed mechanisms of the antidepressant effects of ω-3 and may explain the source of contradictions in results published until the moment.
Subject(s)
Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use , Depressive Disorder, Major/diet therapy , Depressive Disorder, Major/prevention & control , Fatty Acids, Omega-3/therapeutic use , HumansABSTRACT
O número de crianças infectadas pelo HIV ainda cresce progressivamente, tornando-se uma das cinco principais causas de óbito pediátrico no mundo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo escrever as manifestações clínicas da infecção pelo HIV em crianças de 4 a 12 anos com o uso ou não de tratamento anti-retroviral. O estudo foi descritivo, seccional, observacional e quantitativo, realizado com pacientes pediátricos HIV+, dos Hospitais Gafrée e Guinle (HUGG) e Centro Previdenciário de Niterói (CPN), no Rio de Janeiro, em 2005. Após coleta de dados por ficha clínica e consulta dos prontuários, realizou-se análise estatística descritiva por frequência simples, com o uso do teste χ². 63 por cento dos pacientes do HUGG e CPN faziam uso de HAART, com 48 por cento sem manifestação clínica (p=0,1376). As manifestações clínicas mais frequentes foram infecções das vias aéreas superiores (6 por cento ) e herpes simples (2 por cento ). Concluiu-se que a terapia anti-retroviral (HAART) fez as manifestações clinicas da infecção pelo HIV diminuírem, gerando uma melhoria na qualidade de vida desses pacientes.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , HIV , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Child , Pediatrics , Acquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeABSTRACT
Introdução: atualmente os adolescentes se encontram em situação de vulnerabilidade para infecções genitais, devido às altas taxas de atividade sexual com diferentes parceiros e falhas no uso do preservativo. Objetivo: descrever o perfi l sexual e a frequência das infecções genitais diagnosticadas em adolescentes atendidos no Setor de DST da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) nos anos de 2005 e 2006. Métodos: foi realizado um estudo seccional, descritivo,observacional e quantitativo através da análise dos prontuários de adolescentes entre 12 e 19 anos de idade atendidos no Setor de DST/UFF no período de janeiro de 2005 a dezembro de 2006. Os dados foram tratados através de análise descritiva por meio de porcentagem. Resultados: a parcela de adolescentes que frequentou o serviço foi igual para ambos os sexos, porém a maioria acima dos 16 anos de idade, com parceiro(a) sexual fixo(a) exclusivo(a) em 57,2% dos casos no ano de 2005 e 57,63% para o ano de 2006, onde a maioria não utilizava preservativo e não apresentava história de prévia de DST em ambos os anos do estudo. Destes, 46,9% (2005) e 38,98% (2006) possuíam o ensino fundamental incompleto, e 50,3% (2005) e 55,93% (2006) eram estudantes. A iniciação sexual ocorreu em torno dos 13 anos de idade e o diagnóstico mais comum foi de infecção pelo vírus do papiloma humano (HPV) com a frequência de 46,8% em 2005 e 54,84% em 2006. Conclusão: os adolescentes constituem um grupo vulnerável em relação à sexualidade, assim, porvezes, não percebem o risco em adquirir infecções genitais, tais como as DST, portanto, não se protegem por meio do uso do preservativo. Esses resultados demonstraram elevada frequência de DST, principalmente no que diz respeito à infecção pelo HPV, indicando a necessidade de medidas de prevenção, programas de educativos que busquem a redução deste risco, além de um atendimento especializado realizado por profissionais habilitados a fi m de realizarum correto diagnóstico e, consequentemente, um tratamento das infecções genitais no acompanhamento do grupo em questão.
Introduction: now adays, young people are in vulnerable situation for genital infections, due to high rates of sexual activity with different partners andfailures in the use of condoms. Objectives: describe the sexual profile and frequency of genital infections diagnosed in adolescents seen in a DST Clinicof Federal Fluminense University (UFF) in the years 2005 and 2006. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted, descriptive, observational and quantitative through records analysis of adolescents between 12 and 19 years of age attended in DST/UFF Sector from January to December of the years 2005 and 2006. The data was processed through descriptive analysis by percentage. Results: the share of teenagers who attended the service was equalfor both sexes, but the majority over 16 years of age, with fi xed sexual partner only in 57.2% of cases in 2005 and 57.63% for the year 2006, in which the majority did not use condoms and had no history of the DST in both years of study. Of these 46.9% (2005) and 38.98% (2006) had incomplete primary school and 50.3% (2005) and 55.93% (2006) were students. The sexual initiation occurred around 13 years of age and genital infection by the human papilloma virus (HPV) was described as the most frequent in this group. Conclusion: teenagers are a vulnerable group in relation to sexuality, thus, theyare not aware of the risks of acquiring genital infections such as STDs, therefore they do not protect themselves through preservatives. These results showhighly frequent STD's, mostly the ones related to HPV, indicating the need for prevention measures, educational programs that aim at the reduction of thisrisk along with a specialized care by qualifi ed professionals in order to make a correct diagnosis and, as a result, a treatment for the genital infections inthe following up of the group.
