ABSTRACT
A hospital outbreak of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV-3) in haematologic oncology patients is described in 12 patients over a four-week period. Exposure histories and molecular analysis of HPIV-3 isolates suggest that both community-acquired and nosocomially transmitted infections occurred during this outbreak. Molecular analysis of HPIV-3 isolates indicated that a chain of transmission occurred among multiple patients in an oncology ward. This transmission was later determined to be associated with the movement of fomites, visitors, and activities in the unit. The infection prevention team stopped nosocomial spread of HPIV-3 through interventions including advanced cleaning procedures.
Subject(s)
Cross Infection/epidemiology , Cross Infection/virology , Disease Outbreaks , Parainfluenza Virus 3, Human/classification , Parainfluenza Virus 3, Human/genetics , Respirovirus Infections/epidemiology , Respirovirus Infections/virology , Cross Infection/transmission , Disease Transmission, Infectious/prevention & control , Genotyping Techniques , Hematologic Neoplasms/complications , Humans , Infection Control/methods , Molecular Epidemiology , Parainfluenza Virus 3, Human/isolation & purification , Respirovirus Infections/transmissionABSTRACT
Distressed menhaden collected from the Ashley River, South Carolina, were found to have 46.8% less acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in brain homogenates as compared to menhaden collected from offshore waters. Menhaden and croakers also taken from the Ashley River, but not in a distressed condition, were found to be 16.5 and 35.8% inhibited, respectively. AChE inhibiting materials were found in three of twelve waste water samples collected from the vicinity of the Ashley River.
