ABSTRACT
Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) exhibit high mortality rates in pediatric patients and usually belong to international high-risk clones. This study aimed to investigate the molecular epidemiology and carbapenem resistance mechanisms of K. pneumoniae isolates recovered from pediatric patients, and correlate them with phenotypical data. Twenty-five CRKP isolates were identified, and antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed using broth microdilution. Carbapenemase production and ß-lactamase genes were detected by phenotypic and genotypic tests. Multilocus sequence typing was performed to differentiate the strains and whole-genome sequencing was assessed to characterize a new sequence type. Admission to the intensive care unit and the use of catheters were significantly positive correlates of CRKP infection, and the mortality rate was 36%. Almost all isolates showed multidrug-resistant phenotype, and most frequent resistant gene was blaKPC. We observed the dissemination of ST307 and clones belonging to CG258, which are considered high risk. In pediatric patients, these clones present with high genomic plasticity, favoring adaptation of the KPC and NDM enzymes to healthcare environments.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents , Carbapenems , Klebsiella Infections , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Multilocus Sequence Typing , beta-Lactamases , Humans , Klebsiella pneumoniae/genetics , Klebsiella pneumoniae/drug effects , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolation & purification , Klebsiella pneumoniae/classification , Klebsiella Infections/microbiology , Klebsiella Infections/epidemiology , Brazil , Child , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , beta-Lactamases/genetics , beta-Lactamases/metabolism , Carbapenems/pharmacology , Child, Preschool , Infant , Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae/genetics , Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae/isolation & purification , Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae/drug effects , Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae/classification , Male , Female , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Whole Genome Sequencing , Adolescent , Genotype , Molecular Epidemiology , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/geneticsABSTRACT
The nasopharyngeal swab is a gold standard for detecting SARS-CoV-2. However, the inconvenience of this method compelled us to compare its efficiency with saliva and gargle samples, which we collected sequentially from 229 individuals. Saliva outperformed gargle samples, constituting a reliable RNA viral source with similar performance to nasopharyngeal samples.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19/diagnosis , Humans , Mouthwashes , Nasopharynx , RNA, Viral/genetics , SARS-CoV-2/genetics , Saliva , Specimen Handling/methodsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Curitiba, Brazil. METHODS: Upper respiratory samples from 1077 HCWs were tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction from June 16, 2020 to December 9, 2020. RESULTS: Overall, 32.7% of HCWs were infected. The positivity rates in symptomatic and asymptomatic HCWs were 39.2% and 15.9%, respectively. Hospital departments categorized as high-risk for exposure had the highest number of infected HCWs. CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis and isolation of infected HCWs remain key in controlling SARS-CoV-2 transmission because HCWs in close contact with COVID-19 patients are more likely to be infected than those who are not.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Brazil/epidemiology , Health Personnel , Hospitals, Public , Humans , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Curitiba, Brazil. METHODS: Upper respiratory samples from 1077 HCWs were tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction from June 16, 2020 to December 9, 2020. RESULTS: Overall, 32.7% of HCWs were infected. The positivity rates in symptomatic and asymptomatic HCWs were 39.2% and 15.9%, respectively. Hospital departments categorized as high-risk for exposure had the highest number of infected HCWs. CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis and isolation of infected HCWs remain key in controlling SARS-CoV-2 transmission because HCWs in close contact with COVID-19 patients are more likely to be infected than those who are not.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: We describe the clinical and laboratorial features of oral candidiasis in 66 HIV-positive patients. METHODS: Polymerase chain reaction-based techniques were performed for differentiation of Candida spp. isolated from patients at a public teaching hospital in Midwest Brazil. RESULTS: Oral lesions, mainly pseudomembranous, were significantly related to higher levels of immunosuppression. Of 45 Candida isolates, 66.7% were C. albicans. Most of the isolates were susceptible to the antifungal drugs tested. CONCLUSIONS: Oral lesions were associated with higher immunosuppression levels. Lower susceptibility to antifungals by non-albicans isolates supports the importance of surveillance studies using susceptibility tests to aid in the treatment.
Subject(s)
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Candida/drug effects , Candidiasis, Oral/diagnosis , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/microbiology , Adult , Amphotericin B/pharmacology , Brazil , Candida/classification , Candida/isolation & purification , Candidiasis, Oral/microbiology , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Female , Fluconazole/pharmacology , Humans , Itraconazole/pharmacology , Male , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Middle Aged , Mycological Typing Techniques , Young AdultABSTRACT
Abstract INTRODUCTION We describe the clinical and laboratorial features of oral candidiasis in 66 HIV-positive patients. METHODS: Polymerase chain reaction-based techniques were performed for differentiation of Candida spp. isolated from patients at a public teaching hospital in Midwest Brazil. RESULTS: Oral lesions, mainly pseudomembranous, were significantly related to higher levels of immunosuppression. Of 45 Candida isolates, 66.7% were C. albicans. Most of the isolates were susceptible to the antifungal drugs tested. CONCLUSIONS: Oral lesions were associated with higher immunosuppression levels. Lower susceptibility to antifungals by non-albicans isolates supports the importance of surveillance studies using susceptibility tests to aid in the treatment.
