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1.
Arch. chil. oftalmol ; 61(2): 57-63, 2004. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-416777

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Caracterizar el diagnóstico de infección ocular por virus herpes simples (HSV) en un grupo de niños chilenos, mediante el estudio clínico y de laboratorio virológico. Métodos: La población estudiada comprendió niños menores de 15 años, con diagnóstico clínico de herpes ocular, que fueron atendidos por los autores y un grupo de oftalmólogos entrenados especialmente para el estudio. Junto con detallar el tipo de infección herpética, a todos los pacientes se les tomaron muestra para estudio virológico que incluyó estudio de cultivos celulares y posteriormente técnica de reacción en cadena de polimerasa (PCR), con el fin de tipificar las cepas y características genómicas del virus infectante. Resultados: El estudio enroló 18 niños, cuyas edades fluctuaron entre los 40 días y 13 años, con una media de 6 años. De las formas clínicas observadas, la más frecuentes fueron la blefaritis y la queratitis dendrítica constituyendo en 27 y 22 por ciento de los casos, respectivamente. El diagnóstico de HSV fue confirmado en 15 de 18 pacientes, constituyendo un 83 por ciento de positividad. 14 de 15 casos correspondieron a HSV tipo 1, y en un niño se diagnóstico infección por HSV tipo 2. Los antecedentes clínicos de este caso confirmaron que se trataba de una infección perinatal, lo que permitió instaurar el tratamiento en forma oportuna. El estudio permitió identificar un caso de excreción ocular viral asintomática, lo que sumando a un cuadro de recurrencias múltiples obligó a indicar terapia profiláctica permanente con aciclovir. Conclusiones: La blefaritis y queratitis herpética constituyeron en conjunto el 70 por ciento de los casos. El rendimiento celular y PCR fue elevado en los casos con alto índice de replicación viral, como la queratitis y blefaritis. En los casos con menor replicación, como queratitis estromal o conjuntivitis, el estudio PCR demostró una mayor sensibilidad que el estudio en cultivo celular. La presencia de un caso de infección perinatal por HSV-2 pudiera ser indicativo de un aumento en la frecuencia de esta forma de presentación.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Genome, Viral , Keratitis, Herpetic/classification , Keratitis, Herpetic/diagnosis , Keratitis, Herpetic/epidemiology , Keratitis, Herpetic/virology , Simplexvirus/isolation & purification , Simplexvirus/genetics , Blepharitis/virology , Chile , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Keratitis, Dendritic/virology , Corneal Ulcer/virology
2.
Rev Med Chil ; 129(3): 259-63, 2001 Mar.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11372292

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection of the cornea is a leading cause of blindness in occidental countries and a common recurrent manifestation of it is the immune stromal keratitis (ISK). However, it is not known whether active viral replication occurs during the acute phase of the disease, because isolation of the virus by conventional culture techniques has not been accomplished. AIM: To establish the presence of HSV in patients with ISK. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fourteen corneal swabbing samples, from active diseased eyes of patients with clinical diagnosis of ISK, were submitted to Herpchek and PCR for the identification of HSV antigens and genome. RESULTS: All ISK samples were negative by both techniques. CONCLUSIONS: It was not possible to identify HSV antigens nor their genome by the methodology used. It is likely that, they can't be detected in corneal superficial layers or probably there is no viral replication at this stage of the disease, so antiviral therapy should be reconsidered.


Subject(s)
Keratitis, Herpetic/virology , Simplexvirus/genetics , Simplexvirus/immunology , Acute Disease , Adolescent , Adult , Antigens, Viral/analysis , Child , Child, Preschool , Chronic Disease , Corneal Stroma/virology , Female , Genome, Viral , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Severity of Illness Index
3.
Rev Med Chil ; 125(6): 659-64, 1997 Jun.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9515284

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Herpetic keratitis is the main infectious cause of corneal opacity. The existence of effective antiviral agents underscores the need of an early diagnosis. AIM: To correlate clinical features of herpetic keratitis with virological studies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty one patients with a clinical diagnosis of herpetic keratitis were studied. Viral isolation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and typification were done in a sample taken by swabbing the ocular lesion. RESULTS: Twenty six patients (31% female) had epithelial keratitis, that was mild or moderate in 88% of cases and acute in 77% of them. In 20 patients (77%), viral isolation and PCR were positive (HSV-2 in one case). Fifteen patients (67% female) had stromal keratitis, 93% of cases were moderate or severe and 53% were acute. Viral isolation was negative in all cases and in 20% PCR was positive. CONCLUSIONS: Viral isolation and PCR were equally sensitive in epithelial keratitis, but in stromal keratitis only PCR could detect the virus. Moderate acute dendrite was the predominant clinical manifestation. The higher proportion of women with stromal keratitis supports its possibly autoimmune etiology. HSV-2 is seldomly isolated and possibly associated to vertical transmission.


Subject(s)
Keratitis, Herpetic/virology , Simplexvirus/isolation & purification , Acute Disease , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Chronic Disease , Female , Humans , Infant , Keratitis, Herpetic/diagnosis , Male , Middle Aged , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Predictive Value of Tests , Simplexvirus/genetics
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