ABSTRACT
Statin therapy produces a small increase in the incidence of diabetes: one additional case per 255 patients taking statins over 4 years.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/chemically induced , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/adverse effects , Humans , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
No evidence exists for improved latching after frenotomy, and evidence concerning improvements in maternal comfort is conflicting. At best, frenotomy improves maternal nipple pain by 10% and maternal subjective sense of improvement over the short term (0 to 2 weeks).
Subject(s)
Breast Feeding , Lingual Frenum/abnormalities , Mouth Abnormalities/surgery , Ankyloglossia , Humans , Infant , Lingual Frenum/surgery , Treatment OutcomeSubject(s)
Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/drug therapy , Administration, Inhalation , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage , Adrenergic beta-Agonists/administration & dosage , Disease Progression , Drug Therapy, Combination , Humans , Quality of LifeSubject(s)
Diet/adverse effects , Feeding Behavior/physiology , Food Preferences , Glycemic Index , Metabolic Syndrome/etiology , Metabolic Syndrome/prevention & control , Adult , Cohort Studies , Evidence-Based Medicine , Guidelines as Topic , Humans , Male , Metabolic Syndrome/physiopathology , Risk Factors , United StatesABSTRACT
Terbinafine, 250 mg daily for 12 to 16 weeks, produces higher clinical cure rates than either pulsed-dose itraconazole or weekly fluconazole. Daily oral dosing is more effective than pulsed-dose terbinafine.
Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents/administration & dosage , Nails/microbiology , Onychomycosis/drug therapy , Administration, Oral , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Evidence-Based Medicine , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Treatment Outcome , Young AdultABSTRACT
Emollient cream may alleviate pain and dryness and improve the appearance of heel cracks.
Subject(s)
Foot Diseases/therapy , Heel , Skin Diseases/therapy , Baths , Debridement , Emollients/therapeutic use , Evidence-Based Medicine , Humans , Keratolytic Agents/therapeutic use , Shoes , Tissue Adhesives/therapeutic useABSTRACT
No, except perhaps at high doses. Inhaled corticosteroids at low to medium doses (<1500 mcg beclomethasone hydrofluoroalkane per day) for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease don't increase the risk of significant bone loss or fracture at 2 to 3 years follow-up. Higher doses, however, may raise the risk of nontraumatic fracture over 1 to 4 years of follow-up.
Subject(s)
Adrenal Cortex Hormones/adverse effects , Asthma/drug therapy , Bone Density/drug effects , Fractures, Spontaneous/etiology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/drug therapy , Administration, Inhalation , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Asthma/diagnosis , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Administration Schedule , Evidence-Based Medicine , Female , Fractures, Spontaneous/epidemiology , Humans , Incidence , Male , Middle Aged , Patient Safety , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnosis , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Risk AssessmentABSTRACT
The benefits appear to be limited. It's doubtful that multivitamin with mineral (MVM) supplementation improves IQ in healthy, low-risk children.
Subject(s)
Child Welfare , Dietary Supplements , Vitamins/administration & dosage , Child , Child, Preschool , Evidence-Based Medicine , Female , Humans , Male , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Intranasal steroids provide better relief for adult sufferers, according to nonstandardized, nonclinically validated scales. Steroids reduce subjective total nasal symptom scores (TNSS)--representing sneezing, itching, congestion, and rhinorrhea--by about 25% more than placebo, whereas oral antihistamines decrease TNSS by 5% to 10% (strength of recommendation [SOR]: B, systematic review of randomized controlled trials [RCTs], most without clinically validated or standardized outcome measures). Intranasal steroids improve subjective eye symptom scores as well as (or better than) oral antihistamines in adults who also have allergic conjunctivitis (SOR: A, systematic review, RCTs).
Subject(s)
Histamine Antagonists/therapeutic use , Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/drug therapy , Steroids/therapeutic use , Administration, Intranasal , Administration, Oral , Histamine Antagonists/administration & dosage , Humans , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Steroids/administration & dosage , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Venlafaxine reduces hot flashes more than placebo in women with a history of breast cancer; adverse effects include dry mouth and constipation.
Subject(s)
Amines , Breast Neoplasms/complications , Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids , Cyclohexanols , Hot Flashes , gamma-Aminobutyric Acid , Amines/administration & dosage , Amines/adverse effects , Anti-Anxiety Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Anxiety Agents/adverse effects , Constipation/chemically induced , Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids/administration & dosage , Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids/adverse effects , Cyclohexanols/administration & dosage , Cyclohexanols/adverse effects , Dizziness/chemically induced , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Female , Gabapentin , Hot Flashes/drug therapy , Hot Flashes/etiology , Humans , Off-Label Use , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/adverse effects , Severity of Illness Index , Treatment Outcome , Venlafaxine Hydrochloride , gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/administration & dosage , gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/adverse effectsSubject(s)
Warts/therapy , Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Cryotherapy/economics , Fluorouracil/therapeutic use , Humans , Keratolytic Agents/economics , Keratolytic Agents/therapeutic use , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Salicylic Acid/economics , Salicylic Acid/therapeutic use , United Kingdom , Warts/economicsABSTRACT
Several vitamin D replacement regimens are effective. Cumulative dosing may be more important than frequency of dosing (strength of recommendation [SOR]: C, inconsistent results from randomized controlled trials [RCTs] of disease-oriented outcomes).Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) may increase serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations more effectively than vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) (SOR: C, a single RCT of disease-oriented outcomes).
Subject(s)
Cholecalciferol/administration & dosage , Ergocalciferols/administration & dosage , Vitamin D Deficiency/drug therapy , Vitamins/administration & dosage , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Administration Schedule , HumansABSTRACT
A trial of a bile acid binder such as cholestyramine or colestipol may benefit patients with postcholecystectomy diarrhea.