Psychometric Support for a Brazilian Version of the Multidimensional Assessment of Teamwork in Sport (MATS-B).

In this study, we investigated psychometric support for a version of the Multidimensional Assessment of Teamwork in Sport (MATS) that would be suitable for Brazilian athletes. Four translators participated in the back-translation of this instrument from English to Portuguese, two specialists synthesized the Portuguese and English back-translation versions, and 10 experts assessed the questionnaire items and judged their content validity. To evaluate structural validity, we performed confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). We evaluated internal item reliability with a sample of 447 athletes who completed the adapted measure (the MATS-B). Finally, 202 other athletes completed both the MATS-B and a second measure of collective efficacy (CEQS-B) to provide external validity correlates. With these data, the MATS-B now provides valid and reliable data supporting its use with Brazilian athletes in an adapted assessment tool that aligns with the conceptual framework of teamwork in sports.

Validação da Escala de Autoeficácia no Voleibol para atletas de base (VSES-B) / Validación de la Escala de Autoeficacia de Voleibol para deportistas jóvenes (VSES-B) / Validation of the Volleyball Self-Efficacy Scale for youth athletes (VSES-B)

The aim of this study was to psychometrically test the Volleyball Self-Efficacy Scale for Brazilian athletes from youth categories. The study was conducted in four stages, with four different sample groups. For content-based evidence analysis, a group of 20 athletes participated, with a mean age of 14.30 ± 1.17 years and practice time of 4.60 ± 2.10 years, for semantic analysis, after a group of four students, with a mean age of 35.75 ± 12.23 years and experience time 25.0 ± 11.02 years, to verify the semantic analysis and another group of 20 athletes, with a mean age of 14.45 ± 1.30 years and practice time 5.50 ± 2.20 years for the pilot study. To test the evidence based on the internal structure and the evidence based on other variables, a group of 454 base athletes, of both sexes, with a mean age of 14.33 ± 1.18 years and practice time 3.79 ± 2.13 years was verified. The results pointed to evidence based on content, evidence based on internal structure and evidence based on other variables, through convergent validity (collective efficacy and results of Confirmatory Factor Analysis) and discriminant (Average Variance Extracted and correlation between the dimensions of the VSES-B). The validation process of the Volleyball Self-Efficacy Scale for Base Athletes allows us to conclude that the instrument has good psychometric properties to measure self-efficacy, considering technical, tactical, conditioning and psychological skills of emotional cognitive self-control that are part of the sport context of the modality. In addition, it provides relevant information for the development of future psychometric research based on contemporary validity references.

El objetivo de este estudio fue probar psicométricamente la Escala de Autoeficacia del Voleibol para deportistas brasileños de categorías juveniles. El estudio se llevó a cabo en cuatro etapas, con cuatro grupos de muestra diferentes. Para el análisis de evidencia basada en contenido, participó un grupo de 20 deportistas, con una edad media de 14.30 ± 1.17 años y tiempo de práctica de 4.60 ± 2.10 años, para el análisis semántico, después de un grupo de cuatro académicos, con una edad media de 35.75 ± 12.23 años y tiempo de experiencia 25.0 ± 11.02 años, para verificar el análisis semántico y otro grupo de 20 deportistas, con una edad media de 14.45 ± 1.30 años y tiempo de práctica 5.50 ± 2.20 años para el estudio piloto. Para probar la evidencia basada en la estructura interna y la evidencia basada en otras variables, se verificó un grupo de 454 atletas de base, de ambos sexos, con una edad media de 14.33 ± 1.18 años y tiempo de práctica 3.79 ± 2.13 años. Los resultados apuntaron a evidencia basada en contenido, evidencia basada en estructura interna y evidencia basada en otras variables, mediante validez convergente (eficacia colectiva y resultados del Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio) y discriminante (Varianza Media Extraída y correlación entre las dimensiones del VSES-B). El proceso de validación de la Escala de Autoeficacia de Voleibol para Atletas de Base nos permite concluir que el instrumento tiene buenas propiedades psicométricas para medir la autoeficacia, considerando las habilidades técnicas, tácticas, condicionantes y psicológicas de autocontrol cognitivo emocional que forman parte del contexto deportivo de la modalidad. Además, proporciona información relevante para el desarrollo de futuras investigaciones psicométricas basadas en referencias de validez contemporáneas.

O objetivo deste estudo foi testar psicometricamente a Escala de Autoeficácia no Voleibol para atletas brasileiros de categorias de base. O estudo foi conduzido em quatro etapas, com quatro diferentes grupos amostrais. Para análise das evidências baseadas no conteúdo, participaram um grupo de 20 atletas, com média de idade 14.30 ± 1.17 anos e tempo de prática 4.60 ± 2.10 anos, para análise semântica, logo após um grupo de quatro acadêmicos, com média de idade 35.75 ± 12.23 anos e tempo de experiência 25.0 ± 11.02 anos, para verificação da análise semântica e outro grupo de 20 atletas, com média de idade 14.45 ± 1.30 anos e tempo de prática 5.50 ± 2.20 anos para o estudo piloto. Para testar as evidências baseadas na estrutura interna e as evidências baseadas em outras variáveis, um grupo de 454 atletas de base, de ambos os sexos, com média de idade 14.33 ± 1.18 anos e tempo de prática 3.79 ± 2.13 anos foi verificado. Os resultados apontaram para evidências baseadas no conteúdo, evidências baseadas na estrutura interna e evidências baseadas em outras variáveis, por meio da validade convergente (eficácia coletiva e resultados da Análise Fatorial Confirmatória) e discriminante (Variância Média Extraída e correlação entre as dimensões da VSES-B). O processo de validação da Escala de Autoeficácia no Voleibol para Atletas de Base permite concluir que o instrumento possui boas propriedades psicométricas para mensurar a autoeficácia, considerando aspectos técnicos, táticos, condicionantes e habilidades psicológicas de autocontrole cognitivo emocional que fazem parte do contexto esportivo da modalidade. Além disso, fornece informações relevantes para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas psicométricas futuras baseadas em referências contemporâneas de validade.

Validity evidence of the Brazilian version of the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sports Questionnaire-2 (PMCSQ-2BR).

In sports context, the motivational climate has been widely studied since 2000, when the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sports Questionnaire-2 (PMCSQ-2) was published. Evaluating athletes' perceptions of the motivational climate created by the coach, this questionnaire has been validated and adapted for different countries, including Brazil. However, important psychometric properties of the Brazilian version present problems, such as poor fit indices and the almost exclusively male samples, make it unfeasible for use in future research. Thus, this study aimed to achieve a new process of cross-cultural adaptation, and search for validity evidence of the PMCSQ-2 for the Brazilian sports context to correct distortions, expand the sources of evidence of validity and ecological validity, and make it suitable for application in future research. The sample consisted of 501 athletes (349 males, 152 females) from different sports. The findings of the current study support the multidimensional hierarchical characteristic of the instrument, its factorial structure, and internal consistency. We concluded that the 33-item PMCSQ-2BR, distributed in two high-order scales (ego-involving and task-involving) with three subscales each, can be used to assess athletes' perceived motivational climate in the Brazilian sports context.

Association between group cohesion and pre-competition mood states in youth athletes / Asociación entre la cohesión grupal y los estados de ánimo precompetitivos de los atletas jóvenes / Associação entre coesão de grupo e estados de humor pré-competitivo de atletas juvenis

The purpose of this study is to analyze the possible associations of group cohesion and pre-competition mood states of youth athletes. This is a cross-sectional and quantitative study. The sample was composed of 81 athletes from both sexes, who practice collective modality sports, with average of age of 15.8±1.0 years. Data was collected through the Group Environment Questionnaire and POMS Inventory – Reduced, on the week prior to the athletes’ participation in state competitions. Spearman's correlation coefficient and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the data. The results indicate positive and significant correlations of group cohesion dimensions (p<0.05) with the vigor mood dimension, and negative and significant correlations (p<0.05) with tension, depression, anger, fatigue and confusion dimensions. Both group cohesion types (social and task) significantly predicted the mood state profiles. The highest predictive statistical indicator was presented by task cohesion (OR=2.481; IC=1.477-4.167; p<0.001). The results found offer evidence to confirm the prior expectation that higher levels of group cohesion are associated with better pre-competitive mood states profiles in youth athletes. The results suggest that higher group cohesion levels can affect positively the pre-competition mood states in youth athletes. (AU)

El propósito de este estudio es analizar las posibles asociaciones de cohesión grupal y estados de ánimo precompetitivos de los atletas jóvenes. Se trata de un estudio transversal y cuantitativo. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 81 deportistas de ambos sexos, que practican deportes de modalidad colectiva, con edad promedio de 15,8 ± 1,0 años. Los datos se recopilaron a través del Group Environment Questionnaire -GEQ y el Inventario POMS -Reducido, en la semana anterior a la participación de los atletas en las competencias estatales. Se utilizaron el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman y la regresión logística binaria para analizar los datos. Los resultados indican correlaciones positivas y significativas de las dimensiones de cohesión grupal (p <0.05) con la dimensión de estado de ánimo vigor, y correlaciones negativas y significativas (p <0.05) con las dimensiones de tensión, depresión, ira, fatiga y confusión. Ambos tipos de cohesión grupal (social y de tareas) predijeron significativamente los perfiles del estado de ánimo. El indicador estadístico predictivo más alto se presentó por cohesión de tareas (OR = 2.481; IC = 1.477-4.167; p <0.001). Los resultados encontrados ofrecen evidencia para confirmar la expectativa previa de que niveles más altos de cohesión grupal están asociados con mejores perfiles de estados de ánimo antes de la competición en atletas jóvenes. Los resultados sugieren que los niveles más altos de cohesión grupal pueden afectar positivamente los estados de ánimo previos a la competición en los atletas jóvenes. (AU)

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar as possíveis associações entre coesão degrupo e estados de humor pré-competitivo de atletas juvenis. Trata-se de um estudo transversal e quantitativo. A amostra foi constituída por 81 atletas, de ambos os sexos, praticantes de modalidades esportivas coletivas, com média de idade de 15,8±1,0 anos. Os dados foram coletados por meio do Questionário de Ambiente de Grupo e do Inventário POMS –Reduzido, na semana que antecedente a participação dos atletas em competições estaduais. O coeficiente de correção de Spearman e a regressão logística binária foram utilizados para análise de dados. Os resultados apontaram correlações das dimensões de coesão de grupo positivas e significativas (p<0,05) com a dimensãode humor vigor e negativas e significativas (p<0,05) com as dimensões tensão, depressão, raiva, fadiga e confusão. Ambos os tipos de coesão de grupo (sociale tarefa) foram preditoras significativas dos perfis de estados de humor. O maior indicadorestatístico preditivo foi apresentado pela coesão tarefa (OR=2,481; IC=1,477-4,167;p<0,001). A partir dos resultados encontrados, pode-se confirmar a expectativa de queníveis mais altos de coesão de grupo estão associados a melhores perfis de estados dehumor pré-competitivo em atletas juvenis. Os resultados sugerem que os níveis maisaltos de coesão de grupo podem impactar positivamente nos estados de humor pré-competitivo de atletas juvenis. (AU)

Validity evidence of the Brazilian version of the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sports Questionnaire-2 (PMCSQ-2BR)

In sports context, the motivational climate has been widely studied since 2000, when the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sports Questionnaire-2 (PMCSQ-2) was published. Evaluating athletes' perceptions of the motivational climate created by the coach, this questionnaire has been validated and adapted for different countries, including Brazil. However, important psychometric properties of the Brazilian version present problems, such as poor fit indices and the almost exclusively male samples, make it unfeasible for use in future research. Thus, this study aimed to achieve a new process of cross-cultural adaptation, and search for validity evidence of the PMCSQ-2 for the Brazilian sports context to correct distortions, expand the sources of evidence of validity and ecological validity, and make it suitable for application in future research. The sample consisted of 501 athletes (349 males, 152 females) from different sports. The findings of the current study support the multidimensional hierarchical characteristic of the instrument, its factorial structure, and internal consistency. We concluded that the 33-item PMCSQ-2BR, distributed in two high-order scales (ego-involving and task-involving) with three subscales each, can be used to assess athletes' perceived motivational climate in the Brazilian sports context. (AU)

A Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Collective Efficacy Questionnaire for Sports (CEQS): Validity Evidence for a Brazilian Version.

This three-part study aimed to translate, cross-culturally adapt, and validate the Collective Efficacy Questionnaire for Sports (CEQS) for Brazilian athletes. In Study 1, six translators and six specialists developed a Portuguese version of the CEQS (the CEQS-B), and 10 experts and 10 sports participants provided content validity evidence based on test content. In Study 2, 553 athletes completed the CEQS-B, and we provided evidence of construct and convergent validity for the test's internal structure through factor analysis and of reliability evidence based on the instrument's internal consistency and temporal stability. In Study 3, 79 athletes completed both the new CEQS-B and the Group Cohesion Questionnaire, and we provided evidence of concurrent validity for the CEQS-B, based on its relationship to other variables, with specific strong correlations between team task cohesion and collective efficacy among these participants. Overall, the results of this study support the use of the CEQS-B by researchers and professionals wishing to assess various sport athletes' self-perceived collective efficacy.

Collective efficacy in soccer teams: a systematic review.

Collective efficacy, defined as a group's shared belief about its conjoint capability to organize and execute courses of action, plays a pivotal role in understanding the dynamics of sports teams, since it influences what individuals choose to do as team members, how much they invest in motivational terms to perform actions, how much they work collectively, and for how long they persist despite failure. Through a systematic review, it was investigated how collective efficacy has been assessed in the context of soccer and which indicators, attributes, and psychometric properties have been contemplated in the instruments used. Following the PRISMA guidelines, 22 articles were retrieved through electronic databases (APA PsycINFO; SPORTDiscus; Science Direct; BVS; Web of Science; Scopus; PubMed; and Scielo), using as descriptors, in English, Spanish, and Portuguese, collective efficacy and soccer, combined by the Boolean operators AND and OR. The study did not delimit the initial year of publication for the searches carried out, including all articles found until January 14, 2021 (date of the last update). The following eligibility criteria were adopted: scientific articles published in journals; original studies, which specified the instrument used to assess collective efficacy and carried out with soccer athletes. Five instruments (FCEQ, CEQS, CEI, CEC, and CEQsoccer) that evaluated technical-tactical and psychological attributes associated with collective efficacy in soccer players were identified. In most studies, psychometric properties were restricted to content validity and reliability (internal consistency), and there were no suitable validation processes for the instruments used to measure collective efficacy, which can be considered a limiting factor for understanding this psychological construct in soccer modality.

Collective efficacy in soccer teams: a systematic review

Abstract Collective efficacy, defined as a group's shared belief about its conjoint capability to organize and execute courses of action, plays a pivotal role in understanding the dynamics of sports teams, since it influences what individuals choose to do as team members, how much they invest in motivational terms to perform actions, how much they work collectively, and for how long they persist despite failure. Through a systematic review, it was investigated how collective efficacy has been assessed in the context of soccer and which indicators, attributes, and psychometric properties have been contemplated in the instruments used. Following the PRISMA guidelines, 22 articles were retrieved through electronic databases (APA PsycINFO; SPORTDiscus; Science Direct; BVS; Web of Science; Scopus; PubMed; and Scielo), using as descriptors, in English, Spanish, and Portuguese, collective efficacy and soccer, combined by the Boolean operators AND and OR. The study did not delimit the initial year of publication for the searches carried out, including all articles found until January 14, 2021 (date of the last update). The following eligibility criteria were adopted: scientific articles published in journals; original studies, which specified the instrument used to assess collective efficacy and carried out with soccer athletes. Five instruments (FCEQ, CEQS, CEI, CEC, and CEQsoccer) that evaluated technical-tactical and psychological attributes associated with collective efficacy in soccer players were identified. In most studies, psychometric properties were restricted to content validity and reliability (internal consistency), and there were no suitable validation processes for the instruments used to measure collective efficacy, which can be considered a limiting factor for understanding this psychological construct in soccer modality.

Sport and Exercise Psychology Studies in Brazil: Performance or Health?

The low professional insertion of psychologists in Brazilian sports teams, as well as the Sport Psychology course being seldom offered in undergraduate Psychology courses, may reflect in the current scenario of scientific research in Brazil. It is still not clear what Graduate Programs (GPs) have adopted directions regarding the development of studies in Sport and Exercise Psychology (SEP) research fields since an assessment or mapping of scientific knowledge production in this area has not yet been performed involving Exercise and Sport Science and Psychology GPs. This study aimed at investigating institutional research and their themes in SEP from these graduate programs. Studies were selected and retrieved from a national database (Sucupira Platform), that contains all registered researches from all Exercise and Sport Science (n = 31) and Psychology (n = 84) GPs in the country. Data were analyzed through R software using text mining techniques, latent semantic analysis and K-means clustering. Results revealed that research involving SEP is predominantly being developed at Exercise and Sport Science GPs (n = 171; p < 0.01) in comparison to psychology GPs (n = 39), mostly located in the south and southeast regions of Brazil. This research has focused on the effects of physical exercise and quality of life, while Psychology GPs have analyzed sport as associated with health and education, as a way to promote social support and to study sports' psychological aspects. It was concluded that Exercise and Sport Science GPs had the most significant contribution to SEP. Investigations were focused on the interface of exercise with quality of life, health and education, with gaps existing in programs advancing in the studies on sports and performance.

Self-efficacy in volleyball: What has been evaluated? A systematic review / Autoeficacia en voleibol: ¿Qué se ha evaluado? Una revisión sistemática / Autoeficácia no voleibol: O que se tem avaliado? Uma revisão sistemática

Self-efficacy in sport has been the purpose of study in different modalities, among them the volleyball. The aim of the study was to verify by means of a systematic review what has been evaluated volleyball self-efficacy. The databases APA, Bireme, Eric, Science Direct, Pubmed and Scopus were used to carry out the searches. After the research, the articles were selected, using the inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in 7 articles by the theme. The result points a absence of clarity in the instruments for assessing self-efficacy in volleyball with respect to what they intend to measure in relation to technical, tactical, physical or psychological attributes. In addition, few articles have pointed the psychometric properties of the instruments used in the research, which implies, in practical terms, inaccurate results, hindering the reproducibility of the studies. Therefore, it is suggested that specific instruments for the modality should be developed which present the statistical procedures used in order to obtain reliable results

La autoeficacia en el deporte ha sido motivo de estudio en diferentes modalidades, entre las que figura el voleibol. El objetivo del presente estudio fue realizar una revisión sistemática para conocer lo que se ha evaluado en los estudios sobre autoeficacia en voleibol. Las bases de datos utilizadas fueron APA PsycInfo, Bireme Eric, Science Direct, PubMed y Scopus. A partir de esta búsqueda, siguiendo los criterios de inclusión y exclusión se seleccionaron 7 artículos. Los resultados apuntan a la falta de claridad en los instrumentos de evaluación de la autoeficacia en el voleibol en lo referente a lo que pretenden medir de los atributos técnicos, tácticos, físicos o psicológicos. Además, pocos artículos indicaron las propiedades psicométricas de los instrumentos utilizados, lo que conduce, en términos prácticos, a resultados imprecisos. Se sugiere que se desarrollen instrumentos específicos para el voleibol y que en los artículos se presenten los procedimientos estadísticos utilizados

A autoeficácia no esporte tem sido propósito de estudo com diferentes modalidades, entre elas o voleibol. O objetivo deste estudo de revisão sistemática foi verificar o que se tem avaliado sobre autoeficácia do voleibol. Utilizaram-se as bases de dados APA PsycInfo, Bireme, Eric, Science Direct, Pubmed e Scopus para efetuar as buscas. Após a pesquisa, os artigos foram selecionados, utilizando-se dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, resultando em 7 artigos. Os resultados apontam falta de clareza nos instrumentos de avaliação da autoeficácia no voleibol quanto ao que pretendem medir em relação aos atributos técnicos, táticos, físicos ou psicológicos. Além disso, poucos artigos apresentaram propriedades psicométricas dos instrumentos utilizados, o que implica, em termos práticos, em resultados imprecisos. Sugere-se a construção de instrumentos específicos para a modalidade que apresentem procedimentos estatísticos utilizados a fim de obter resultados fidedignos

Analysis of psychological variables associated with the burnout syndrome and performance in adult athletes through the athlete burnout questionnaire - abq / Variáveis psicológicas associadas à síndrome de burnout e desempenho em atletas adultos através do athlete burnout questionnaire - abq

ABSTRACT Recently, scholars have been sought to deepen research on a psycho-physiological phenomenon that can lead athletes to quit sports, known in the literature as sport-related burnout. The aim of the present integrative review study was to analyze psychological and performance variables associated with the burnout syndrome in adult athletes. Articles were searched on Pubmed, Web of Science, Scielo, Science Direct, Scopus and Apapsycnet electronic databases, using the following descriptors: burnout, sports and athletes, in both English and Portuguese. From the 15 selected studies, there was predominance of psychological variables associated with burnout over performance aspects. Negative correlations were found between burnout and basic psychological needs, intrinsic motivation and coping strategies. Positive correlations were found between burnout and competitive level, training volume, years of training, perfectionism and overtraining. There were no data on performance increase or decrease related to burnout in adult high-performance athletes, which shows a gap in the literature and encourages new investigations.

RESUMO Recentemente, têm-se procurado aprofundar os estudos sobre o fenômeno psicofisiológico que pode levar atletas ao abandono de sua atividade esportiva conhecido na literatura como burnout no contexto esportivo. O objetivo do presente estudo de revisão integrativa foi analisar as variáveis psicológicas e de desempenho associadas à síndrome de burnout em atletas adultos. Buscaram-se artigos nas bases de dados eletrônicas Pubmed, Web Of Science, Scielo, Science Direct, Scopus, Apapsycnet através dos descritores burnout (burnout), sports (esportes) e athletes (atletas). Constatou-se que houve uma predominância das variáveis psicológicas associadas ao burnout em relação a aspectos de desempenho. Foram encontradas correlações negativas entre necessidades básicas psicológicas, motivação intrínseca, estratégias de coping e burnout, e correlações positivas com nível competitivo, volume de treinamento, tempo de treino, perfeccionismo, overtraining e burnout. Não foram encontrados resultados que inferissem aumento ou queda de desempenho em atletas de alto rendimento relacionados ao burnout, o que sucinta uma lacuna na literatura para novas investigações.

Percepção de competência pessoal de tenistas / Percepción de competencia personal de tenistas / Perceived personal ompetence of tennis-players

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar o grau de associação entre a percepção de competência pessoal (PPC) e o Aproveitamento Esportivo (AE) de atletas de tênis. A amostra, selecionada voluntariamente, não probabilística, consistiu em 29 atletas homens de tênis da Categoria até 12 anos de idade 11.99 ± 0.54 anos, de acordo com o ranking brasileiro. Foi utilizada a Ficha Técnica da Confederação Brasileira de Tênis (CBT) e a Escala de Percepção de Competências - EPC (Harter, 1985, adaptada de Valentini, 2010). Para a análise dos dados, utilizou-se o teste de regressão linear simples, com um nível de significância de p <0.05. A categoria de tênis até 12 M apresentou alta PCP (3.07 ± 0.32), que foi associada positivamente com EC em categorías PC Atlética (p<0.03, r=0.40) e PC Afetiva (p<0.05, r=0.37). Os outros domínios da PCP não mostraram associação significativa com AE. Acredita-se que os atletas podem desenvolver uma PCP mais realista, em comparação com seus próprios rendimentos e se tornarem mais intrinsecamente motivados para esportes. Os resultados sugerem a importância de encorajar as crianças a participar de competições voltadas para alcançar metas de desempenho e encontrar resultados positivos e proporcionar aos atletas situações que promovam o sucesso e aumentem experiências positiva (AU)

El objetivo do estudio fue verificar el grado de asociación entre la percepción competencia personal (PPC) y el aprovechamiento deportivo de tenistas. La muestra, seleccionada de forma voluntaria, no probabilística, constaba de 29 atletas de tenis Categoría de hasta 12 años hombres (edad 11.99 ± 0.54 años), de acuerdo con el ranking brasileño. Se utilizó la Hoja de Datos Técnicos de la Confederación Brasileña de Tenis (CBT) y la Escala de Percepción de Competencia - EPC (Harter, 1985, adaptado de Valentini, 2010). Para el análisis de los datos, se utilizó el test de regresión lineal simple, con un nivel de significación de p<0.05. El tenistas Categoría de hasta 12 M mostró alto PCP (3.07 ± 0.32), que se asoció positivamente con la AE en el PC categorías Athletic (p<0.03, r=0.40) y PC afectiva (p<0.05, r=0.37). Los otros dominios de la PCP (PC Escuela, PC Apariencia Física, PC Conductual y PC Auto-Concepto General) no mostraron asociación significativa con el aprovechamiento deportivo de tenistas. Se cree que los atletas pueden desarrollar una PCP más realista, en comparación con sus propios ingresos y motivarse intrínsecamente más para los deportes. Los resultados sugieren la importancia de estimular a los niños a participar en competiciones orientadas para alcanzar a la consecución de los objetivos de rendimiento y de buscar resultados positivos para proporcionar a los atletas situaciones que promuevan el éxito y aumentar las experiencias positivas de una manera controlada y adecuado a sus necesidades (AU)

The present study aimed to determine the degree of association between the Perceived Personal Competence (PCP) with sporting use of tennis players. The sample, selected on a voluntary basis, non-probabilistic, consisted of 29 tennis players Category Under 12 Years Male (mean age 11.99 ± 0.54 years), participants of the Brazilian rank. The instruments used for the data collection were an anamnesis questionnaire, the player’s technical sheet of Brazilian Tennis Confederation (CBT) and the Perceived Competence Scale - PCS (Harter, 1985, adapted to Portuguese by Valentini, 2010). It was used the simple linear regression model, adopting as confidence interval p<0.05 to data analysis. The results indicated that the tennis players Category Up to 12M feature high PCP (3.07 ± 0.32), which showed a positive association with success sport rate, in categories PC Athletic (p<0.03 and r=0.40) and PC Affective (p<0.05 and r=0.37). The remaining areas of the PCP showed no significant association with the success sport rate. The results suggest the importance of encouraging children to participate in achieving the targeted yield goals competitions and provide athletes situations that promote the success and enhance the positive experiences (AU)

A systematic review of cross-cultural adaptation and validation of borg's rating of perceived exertion scale / Revisão sistemática da adaptação transcultural e validação da escala de percepção de esforço de borg

ABSTRACT The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the cross-cultural adaptation and validation processes of Borg's Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale (6-20) and its instructions during exercise in adults and the elderly. The study was conducted using databases that include the areas of health, sports and psychology (Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Bireme (BVS), PsycINFO, SportDiscus and Scopus), and descriptors in the English and Portuguese languages were standardized for all databases ("exercise" / "exercicio", "validity" / "validade", "borg scale" / "escala de borg"; "perceived exertion" / "percepção de esforço" and "validation" / "validação"). Among the 1,488 items found, 14 articles were selected for analysis. The main findings were that cross-cultural adaptation (Cantonese and Japanese) was reported in only four articles. The lowest-scored criteria for methodological quality were related to the concept of perceived exertion, and the instructions for use and familiarization with Borg's scale. The results indicate that the majority of the studies did not apply the cross-cultural adaptation process and additionally, that concurrent validity was the only validation method reported. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out the cross-cultural adaptation of Borg's Scale (6-20), mainly in the Portuguese language, in addition to other types of validation in order to ensure more accurate results.

RESUMO O objetivo dessa revisão sistemática foi analisar os processos de adaptação transcultural e validação da Escala de Percepção Subjetiva de Esforço de Borg (6-20) e de suas instruções durante o exercício em adultos e idosos. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados da área da saúde, esporte e psicologia (Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Bireme (BVS), PsycINFO, SportDiscus e Scopus) e os descritores em inglês e português foram padronizados para todas as bases de dados ("exercise"/"exercício"; "validity"/"validade"; "borg scale"/"escala de borg"; "perceived exertion"/"percepção de esforço"; e "validation"/"validação"). Entre os 1488 artigos encontrados, foram selecionados 14 artigos para análise. Os principais resultados encontrados foram que a adaptação transcultural (Cantonês e Japonês) foi reportada em apenas quatro artigos. Os critérios mais baixos de qualidade metodológica foram aqueles relacionados a definição de percepção de esforço, a instrução e familiarização com a Escala. Os resultados indicam que a maioria dos estudos não realizou o processo de adaptação transcultural e além disso, só a validade concorrente foi utilizada como método de validação. Portanto, é necessário realizar adaptação transcultural da Escala de Borg (6-20) principalmente na língua portuguesa, além dos diferentes tipos de validação para se obter resultados mais precisos.

Ansiedade estado pré-competitiva em atletas de voleibol infanto-juvenis / Pre-competitive state anxiety in infant juvenile volleyball athletes

Resumo Compreender a relação entre ansiedade-estado pré-competitiva e desempenho esportivo se constitui em importante meio para ajudar os esportistas a diagnosticar e controlar emoções. O presente estudo pretendeu: a) comparar o nível de ansiedade pré-competitiva entre atletas homens e mulheres, das equipes finalistas da Taça Paraná de Voleibol 2011; b) comparar os níveis de ansiedade pré-competitiva entre as equipes campeã e vice-campeã masculina, bem como entre as equipes campeã e vice-campeã feminina; c) comparar os níveis de ansiedade pré-competitiva dos atletas titulares e reservas, para as equipes de ambos os sexos; d) verificar a relação entre os níveis de ansiedade pré-competitiva e o tempo de prática dos atletas das equipes masculinas, bem como das equipes femininas. Participaram do estudo quatro equipes infanto-juvenis, finalistas da Taça Paraná 2011, totalizando 24 atletas do sexo feminino e 23 do sexo masculino (idade 16,16 ± 0,34 anos) e tempo de prática (4,97 ± 1,99 anos). Para avaliar a ansiedade pré-competitiva, utilizou-se o instrumento CSAI-2. As coletas ocorreram 30 minutos antes do início dos jogos finais. De forma geral, as equipes finalistas apresentaram níveis de ansiedade geral pré-competitiva similares, embora tenham sido encontradas diferenças significativas entre atletas mulheres titulares e reservas em relação à autoconfiança, sendo que as titulares apresentaram médias mais elevadas neste aspecto.(AU)

Abstract Understanding the relationship between pre-competitive state anxiety and sports performance are an important means to help sportsmen to diagnose and manage emotions. The present study aimed to: a) compare the level of pre-competitive anxiety among athletes men and women, the finalist teams of Paraná Cup Volleyball 2011; b) to compare the levels of pre-competitive anxiety among male champion teams and runners-up, as well as between female champion teams and runners-up; c) compare the levels of pre-competitive anxiety and reserves holders athletes for teams of both sexes; d) verify the relationship between the levels of pre-competitive anxiety and practice time for athletes of men's teams and the women's teams. Study participants were four youth teams, Paraná Cup finalists in 2011, totaling 24 female athletes and 23 male athletes (age 16.16 ± overall 0.34 years) and practice time 4.97 ± 1.99 years . To evaluate the pre-competitive anxiety, used the instrument CSAI-2. Sample occurred 30 minutes before the start of finals games. In general, the finalist teams had higher levels of general pre-competitive anxiety similar, although statistically significant differences between women athletes holders and reserves have been found in relation to the self-confidence, and the holders had higher average in this aspect.(AU)

Functional capacity and physical activity level in failed back surgery syndrome patients

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Failed back surgery syndrome refers to a condition in which a patient has undergone back surgery with a poor outcome. This syndrome leads to losses in daily living activities and hinders the return to physical exercise. The objective of this study was to analyze the relation between chronic low back pain and functional capacity and the physical activity level of these patients. METHODS: Cross-sectional study comprising 57 patients, mean age 51.07±12.93 years, who underwent low back surgery. These patients were divided into two groups, according to the presence of chronic low back pain. All patients filled in a questionnaire that covered demographic data, visual analog scale for pain, Rolland-Morris Questionnaire to evaluate functional incapacity and International Physical Activity Questionnaire to measure physical activity level. RESULTS: The following predominated: women (77%), obese (49%), surgery for spinal disc herniation (80%), underwent one low back surgery (52%). Patients with chronic low back pain refer a greater perception of disability and 81% of this group showed an average of 3.53±3.51 points in Roland-Morris. Chronic low back pain had no influence on the different levels of physical activity demonstrated in patients with chronic low back pain and results of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire showed no significant difference between the groups (p=0.54). CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that there were other factors beyond chronic pain interfering with the physical activity level in these groups and further studies to explore lifestyle, physical exercise adherence and other dimensions of pain are still needed. Results contribute to the understanding and management of patients with chronic low back pain. .

Autoeficácia esportiva: uma revisão integrativa dos instrumentos de medida / Sports self-efficacy: an integrative review of measure instruments

O papel da autoeficácia no desempenho é foco de estudo no âmbito esportivo. O objetivo desta revisão integrativa foi verificar os instrumentos empregados para mensurar a autoeficácia relacionada ao desempenho esportivo e identificar suas propriedades psicométricas. Buscaram-se artigos nas bases de dados Eric, Scopus e APA (Psycnet), Scielo ScienceDirect e Pubmed com os descritores self-efficacy, sports, performance. Dos 13 estudos selecionados para análise, constatou-se que a maioria propôs instrumentos específicos para a pesquisa, seguindo recomendações do guia de construção de medidas de autoeficácia; apenas um artigo apresentou o processo de validação; a consistência interna foi a propriedade psicométrica mais reportada; não houve referência à reprodutibilidade dos instrumentos e tampouco divulgação dos instrumentos utilizados nas pesquisas. Conclui-se que a reprodutibilidade dos instrumentos permitiria maior confiabilidade na análise dos resultados e controle de variáveis cognitivas que afetam o rendimento esportivo e que um padrão ouro de avaliação da autoeficácia em contexto esportivo específico se faz necessário.

The role of self-efficacy on performance is the focus of study in sports. The aim of this integrative review was to assess the instruments used to measure self-efficacy related to sports performance and identify its psychometric properties. We searched for articles in databases Eric, Scopus and APA (Psycnet), Scielo ScienceDirect and Pubmed with descriptors self-efficacy, sports, performance. Of the 13 studies selected for analysis, it was found that most proposed specific instruments for research, following recommendations of the guide construction of measures of self-efficacy; just one article presented the validation process, the internal consistency was reported more psychometric property; there was no reference to the reproducibility of the instruments nor disclosure of the instruments used in research. It is concluded that the reproducibility of the instruments allow greater reliability in the results analysis and control of cognitive variables that affect sport performance and that a gold standard for assessing self-efficacy in specific sporting context is necessary.

Hyperleptinemia independent of body adiposity in women with fibromyalgia.

The prevalence of overweight and obesity in patients with fibromyalgia is high, which makes these patients more likely to trigger metabolic changes. It is also uncertain whether the clinical manifestations of fibromyalgia alter the metabolism in these patients. This study investigates the influence of adiposity indicators and presence of fibromyalgia on leptin and acylated ghrelin levels, which are hormones responsible for controlling energy homeostasis. Seventeen women with fibromyalgia (patients) and fifteen healthy women (controls) were evaluated. Pain intensity, physical activity level characteristics and leptin and acylated ghrelin levels were assessed. General linear models, using a main-effects model, were used to test the effect of fibromyalgia (patients vs. controls) on the relationship of leptin and acylated ghrelin with anthropometric indicators [body mass index, waist circumference (WC) and WC by height]. Patients showed higher leptin levels (controls: 9.1 ± 6.7 vs. patients: 22.4 ± 10.6 ng/mL; p < 0.01) and lower acylated ghrelin levels (controls: 188.7 ± 103.4 vs. patients: 126.7 ± 47.8 pg/mL; p = 0.04). The anthropometric variables, entered into linear models as independent variables, significantly influenced both leptin and acylated ghrelin levels (p < 0.01). The explained variance (R(2)) of the models containing leptin was higher (R(2) = 0.52-0.61) compared to the models containing acylated ghrelin (R(2) = 0.24-0.27). When analyzing the influence of the presence of fibromyalgia (study group: women with fibromyalgia vs. healthy women), only the leptin levels were influenced. High leptin levels independent of adiposity in women with fibromyalgia may be associated with the clinical condition of this syndrome.

Physical activity level and physical performance in the 6-minute walk test in women with fibromyalgia.

INTRODUCTION: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain condition that causes impaired functional capacity, possibly through the adoption of sedentary behaviour. However, little is known regarding physical activity level and its relationship with physical performance in women with FM. OBJECTIVES: To compare physical activity level, assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and physical performance, measured using the six-minute walk test (6MWT), in women with and without FM, and to examine the possible relationships between physical activity level and physical performance in both groups. METHODS: The study included 30 women diagnosed with FM (patients) and 28 healthy women (controls) who answered the IPAQ and performed the 6MWT. RESULTS: Patients and controls self-reported similar physical activity level, considering both the total score and all IPAC subcomponents (P > 0.05). However, the FM patients had worse physical performance in the 6MWT (patients, 441.8 ± 84.1 m vs. controls, 523.9 ± 80.3 m; P < 0.01). There were no relationships between the distance walked in the 6MWT and the IPAQ variables for the control group. However, the distance walked by patients in the test showed a significant correlation (P < 0.05) with the total score and the subcomponents transport, household activities, and physical activities of moderate intensity in the IPAQ. CONCLUSIONS: Women with FM had physical activity levels similar to women without FM but exhibited worse physical performance. This functional impairment may be related to lifestyle adopted because there was a relationship between physical activity level and physical performance in those patients.

Bulímicas: elas vão à academia de ginástica? / Bulimics: do they go to the gym? / Bulímicos: van al gimnasio?

O objetivo da pesquisa foi determinar a prevalência de mulheres com sintomas de bulimia nervosa frequentadoras de academia de ginástica e verificar, dentre as praticantes que apresentam traços bulímicos, qual a frequência de utilização do exercício físico como forma compensatória. Participaram do estudo 197 mulheres matriculadas em academias de ginástica da cidade de Marechal Cândido Rondon - PR (28,7±9,9 anos). Para avaliar o quadro de bulimia utilizou-se o Teste de Investigação Bulímica de Edingurgh (BITE) e uma anamnese estruturada pelos pesquisadores para atender interesses do estudo. Na análise dos dados foi utilizada a estatística descritiva e a frequência amostral pelo programa estatístico SPSS for Windows 11.5. A prevalência de sintomas de bulimia foi de 3%. A prevalência de traços bulímicos foi de 11,2%. Dos indivíduos que apresentaram traços bulímicos, 59,1% afirmaram praticar exercício físico após episódios de alimentação exagerada. Estes resultados podem indicar que esse comportamento compensatório através da prática de exercício físico pode levar as mulheres a procurar as academias de ginástica.

The research objective was to determine the prevalence of women with symptoms of bulimia nervosa attending the gym and check out the practitioners who show bulimic traces, and how often they use the exercise as a compensatory way. The study included 197 women enrolled in gyms in the city of Marechal Cândido Rondon - PR (28.7 ± 9.9 years). To evaluate the framework of bulimia it was used the Bulimic Investigatory Test of Edingurgh (BITE) and a structured interview by the researchers to meet the interests of the study. For the data analysis it was used descriptive statistics and frequency sampling by the statistical program SPSS for Windows 11.5. The prevalence of symptoms of bulimia was 3%. The prevalence of bulimic traits was 11.2%. From the individuals that show bulimic traits, 59.1% reported physical exercise after episodes of over-eating. These results may indicate that this compensatory behavior through physical exercise can cause women to seek out gyms.

El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la prevalencia de mujeres que frecuentan al gimnasio y presentan síntomas de la bulimia nerviosa, observar en los practicantes que presentan rasgos de bulimia, con qué frecuencia se utilizan del ejercicio como una forma de compensación. El estudio incluyó a 197 mujeres que participaron en los gimnasios en la ciudad de Marechal Cândido Rondon - PR (28,7 ± 9,9 años). Para evaluar el marco de la bulimia se utilizó la Prueba Investigadora de la Bulimia de Edingurgh (BITE) y una entrevista estructurada por los investigadores para satisfacer a los intereses del estudio. En el análisis de los datos se utilizó estadística descriptiva y la frecuencia de muestra por el programa estadístico SPSS 11.5 for Windows. La prevalencia de síntomas de la bulimia fue de 3%. La prevalencia de rasgos bulímicos fue del 11,2%. De las personas que tienen rasgos bulímicos, el 59,1% reportó el ejercicio físico después de los episodios de comer en exceso. Estos resultados indican que este comportamiento compensatorio a través del ejercicio físico hace con que las mujeres busquen a los gimnasios.

Nível de atividade física e desempenho físico no teste de caminhada de 6 minutos em mulheres com fibromialgia / Physical activity level and physical performance in the 6-minute walk test in women with fibromyalgia

INTRODUÇÃO: A fibromialgia (FM) é uma condição dolorosa crônica que causa comprometimento da capacidade funcional, possivelmente pela adoção de um comportamento sedentário. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre o nível de atividade física (NAF) e sua relação com o desempenho físico em mulheres com FM. OBJETIVOS: Comparar o NAF, avaliado por meio do International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), e o desempenho físico, mensurado pelo teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6) de mulheres com e sem FM, além de investigar possíveis relações entre NAF e desempenho físico em ambos os grupos. MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 30 mulheres com o diagnóstico de FM (pacientes) e 28 mulheres saudáveis (controles) que responderam ao IPAQ e realizaram o TC6. RESULTADOS: Pacientes e controles autorrelataram similar NAF, considerando tanto o escore total quanto todos os subcomponentes do IPAQ (P > 0,05). Porém, as pacientes apresentaram pior desempenho físico no TC6 (pacientes: 441,8 ± 84,1 m vs. controles: 523,9 ± 80,3 m; P < 0,01). Não existiram relações entre a distância caminhada no TC6 e as variáveis do IPAQ para o grupo controle. Entretanto, para as pacientes, a distância caminhada no teste apresentou correlações significativas (P < 0,05) com o escore total e com os subcomponentes transporte, atividades domésticas e atividades físicas de intensidade moderada do questionário IPAQ. CONCLUSÕES: Mulheres com FM apresentaram NAF similar às mulheres sem FM, mas pior desempenho físico. Esse comprometimento funcional pode estar relacionado ao estilo de vida adotado, uma vez que houve relação entre o NAF e o desempenho físico nessas pacientes.

INTRODUCTION: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain condition that causes impaired functional capacity, possibly through the adoption of sedentary behaviour. However, little is known regarding physical activity level and its relationship with physical performance in women with FM. OBJECTIVES: To compare physical activity level, assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and physical performance, measured using the six-minute walk test (6MWT), in women with and without FM, and to examine the possible relationships between physical activity level and physical performance in both groups. METHODS: The study included 30 women diagnosed with FM (patients) and 28 healthy women (controls) who answered the IPAQ and performed the 6MWT. RESULTS: Patients and controls self-reported similar physical activity level, considering both the total score and all IPAC subcomponents (P > 0.05). However, the FM patients had worse physical performance in the 6MWT (patients, 441.8 ± 84.1 m vs. controls, 523.9 ± 80.3 m; P < 0.01). There were no relationships between the distance walked in the 6MWT and the IPAQ variables for the control group. However, the distance walked by patients in the test showed a significant correlation (P < 0.05) with the total score and the subcomponents transport, household activities, and physical activities of moderate intensity in the IPAQ. CONCLUSIONS: Women with FM had physical activity levels similar to women without FM but exhibited worse physical performance. This functional impairment may be related to lifestyle adopted because there was a relationship between physical activity level and physical performance in those patients.