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1.
Diagnosis (Berl) ; 10(2): 140-157, 2023 05 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36548810

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The introduction of Personalised Medicine (PM) into healthcare systems could benefit from a clearer understanding of the distinct national and regional frameworks around the world. Recent engagement by international regulators on maximising the use of real-world evidence (RWE) has highlighted the scope for improving the exploitation of the treasure-trove of health data that is currently largely neglected in many countries. The European Alliance for Personalised Medicine (EAPM) led an international study aimed at identifying the current status of conditions. METHODS: A literature review examined how far such frameworks exist, with a view to identifying conducive factors - and crucial gaps. This extensive review of key factors across 22 countries and 5 regions revealed a wide variety of attitudes, approaches, provisions and conditions, and permitted the construction of a comprehensive overview of the current status of PM. Based on seven key pillars identified from the literature review and expert panels, the data was quantified, and on the basis of further analysis, an index was developed to allow comparison country by country and region by region. RESULTS: The results show that United States of America is leading according to overall outcome whereas Kenya scored the least in the overall outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Still, common approaches exist that could help accelerate take-up of opportunities even in the less prosperous parts of the world.


Subject(s)
Delivery of Health Care , Medicine , Humans , United States , Delivery of Health Care/methods , Power, Psychological
2.
Cureus ; 14(11): e31972, 2022 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36589179

ABSTRACT

The incidence of colorectal cancer in Argentina and Brazil has reached levels comparable to those in higher-income countries. Similarly, the incidence of melanoma in Latin America has increased during the past decades. BRAFmutation is seen frequently in melanomas and colorectal cancer. Discovering the expression of this specific biomarker in both cancers has unleashed the potential for targeted molecular therapies.In patients with BRAF-mutated melanoma, adopting a combined targeted treatment approach has shown a dramatic increase in overall survival. However, several barriers impede the development of early BRAF testing in Latin America, jeopardizing the potential for personalized therapies and care. To address this, the Americas Health Foundation convened a virtual meeting of Latin American oncologists to address the barriers to BRAF testing in melanoma and colorectal cancer. During a three-day conference, expert oncologists used literature reviews and personal experience to detail the barriers to early BRAF testing in their region. They proposed actionable steps to overcome the barriers identified, which included deficiencies in knowledge, treatment options, equitable distribution, timely results, and local data on BRAF mutations. Oncologists proposed several actions to overcome barriers, including raising public and healthcare awareness about the importance of BRAF testing, expanding treatment options in clinics across the region, developing centers in underserved areas, and increasing affordable treatment options for patients who test positive for BRAF mutations.

4.
J. bras. econ. saúde (Impr.) ; 12(3): 226-230, Dezembro/2020.
Article in English | ECOS, LILACS | ID: biblio-1141308

ABSTRACT

Objective: In the private healthcare sector in Brazil, the dearth of information regarding transfusion cost may compromise the management of conditions requiring long-term transfusion. Therefore, the present study aimed to estimate the cost of chronic red blood cell (RBC) transfusion in this context. Methods: A payer perspective was chosen for the analysis. A survey performed by an expert advisory board gathered information on the amounts reimbursed by health plans to blood centers per outpatient transfusion of a single RBC bag in multitransfused patients. Survey results were contrasted to RBC transfusion cost calculated using Brazilian Hierarchical Classification of Medical Procedures (CBHPM) parameters from 2018 and 2010, the latter suggested by the advisory board as more accurately reflecting market prices. Results: Six blood centers in the South and Southeast of Brazil were surveyed. The median amount reimbursed per RBC unit was R$ 1,066.44 (interquartile range: R$ 665.00-1,252.00). The mean amount reimbursed was R$ 959.54 ± R$ 337.14 (minimum: R$ 295.00 ­ maximum: R$ 1,980.00). Using 2018 CBHPM parameters, the cost of transfusing one RBC unit was calculated as R$ 1,905.18. Using 2010 CBHPM parameters, the cost was R$ 1,119.69 per RBC unit. Conclusions: Analyses using 2018 CBHPM parameters may lead to overestimation of transfusion cost. The best estimate for outpatient transfusion of one RBC bag in the private health care sector in Brazil lies between the observed reimbursed values and 2010 CBHPM cost. The present results provide valuable information for future cost-effectiveness analyses focusing on disorders whose treatment involves routine RBC transfusion.


A carência de informações sobre custo de transfusão sanguínea na saúde suplementar brasileira pode comprometer análises econômicas e eventuais decisões relacionadas a esse procedimento no longo prazo. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar o custo de transfusão crônica de concentrado de hemácias (CH) nesse contexto. Métodos: Foi escolhida a perspectiva do pagador. Uma pesquisa foi realizada com especialistas para levantamento de valores reembolsados para transfusão de uma bolsa de CH em pacientes politransfundidos. Os resultados da pesquisa foram comparados ao custo de transfusão de CH calculado utilizando a Classificação Brasileira Hierarquizada de Procedimentos Médicos (CBHPM), edições de 2018 e 2010, sendo a edição mais antiga sugerida pelos especialistas como estando mais de acordo com a realidade de mercado. Resultados: Seis hemocentros localizados no Sul e Sudeste do Brasil foram incluídos. Os valores mediano e médio reembolsados aos hemocentros foram R$ 1.066,44 (amplitude interquartil: R$ 665,00-1.252,00) e R$ 959,54 ± R$ 337,14 (mínimo: R$ 295,00 ­ máximo: R$ 1.980,00), respectivamente. Com base nos parâmetros da CBHPM 2018 e 2010, os custos de transfusão calculados para uma bolsa de CH foram R$ 1.905,18 e R$ 1.119,69, respectivamente. Conclusões: Análises utilizando parâmetros da CBHPM 2018 podem superestimar os custos de transfusão de CH. Na perspectiva do sistema de saúde suplementar brasileiro, a melhor estimativa de custo de transfusão por bolsa de CH está entre o valor reembolsado e o valor calculado utilizando a CBHPM 2010. O presente estudo apresenta informações importantes para futuras análises de custo-efetividade de patologias que envolvem tratamentos à base de politransfusão de CH.


Subject(s)
Blood Transfusion , Erythrocytes , Supplemental Health
5.
J. bras. econ. saúde (Impr.) ; 12(1): 39-55, Abril/2020.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, ECOS | ID: biblio-1096409

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Este trabalho teve por objetivo determinar o custo-efetividade e o impacto orçamentário do cabozantinibe para o sistema de saúde suplementar no Brasil, no tratamento de carcinoma de células renais (RCC) avançado ou metastático, após falha de tratamento com inibidor do fator de crescimento endotelial vascular (VEGF), quando comparado ao atual tratamento aprovado: nivolumabe. Métodos: Foram utilizados custos referentes ao uso de recursos, tratamento médico, eventos adversos e qualidade de vida, calculados por estado de saúde. Foi considerado o tempo horizonte de 20 anos para análise de custo-efetividade e 5 anos para impacto orçamentário, e foi realizado um cenário alternativo comparando o cabozantinibe ao nivolumabe e axitinibe. Resultados: O cabozantinibe apresentou eficácia superior quando comparado ao nivolumabe e ao axitinibe e representa uma redução de custos comparado ao nivolumabe. Em relação aos eventos adversos, o cabozantinibe apresenta redução dos gastos quando comparado ao nivolumabe. Conclusão: Esses resultados mostram um potencial de economia ao sistema de saúde suplementar com a adoção do cabozantinibe no tratamento para RCC avançado ou metastático em segunda linha no Brasil.


Objective: This study aimed to determine the cost-effectiveness and budgetary impact of cabozantinib for the supplementary health system in Brazil, in the treatment of advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) after treatment failure with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor, when compared current approved treatment: nivolumab. Methods: Costs related to the use of resources, medical treatment, adverse events and quality of life were used, calculated by health status. The horizon time of 20 years was considered for cost-effectiveness analysis and 5 years for budgetary impact, and an alternative scenario was carried out comparing cabozantinib to nivolumab and axitinib. Results: Cabozantinib showed superior efficacy when compared to nivolumab and axitinib and represents a cost reduction compared to nivolumab. In relation to adverse events, cabozantinib shows a reduction in costs when compared to nivolumab. Conclusion: These results show a potential savings for the supplementary health system with the adoption of cabozantinib in the treatment for advanced or metastatic second-line RCC in Brazil.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Renal Cell , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Supplemental Health , Analysis of the Budgetary Impact of Therapeutic Advances
6.
J. bras. econ. saúde (Impr.) ; 9(Suplemento 1): http://www.jbes.com.br/images/v9ns1/108.pdf, Setembro/2017.
Article in Portuguese | ECOS, LILACS | ID: biblio-859648

Subject(s)
Humans , Drug Price
7.
Lancet Oncol ; 17(8): e363-e370, 2016 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27511160

ABSTRACT

A growing understanding of the molecular pathology of tumours combined with a surge of new drugs and associated diagnostic technologies (ie, precision medicine) has translated into substantial improvements in survival for patients with cancer. However, to achieve the promise that precision medicine has to offer will require overcoming hurdles within a national health-care system in which it is to be implemented. Brazil is one such nation, an emerging middle-income country with a very complex health-care system. To address the challenges associated with implementing precision medicine into a country such as Brazil, a group of experts convened (Nov 16-18, 2015, Miami) to discuss challenges related to precision medicine within an oncology setting. Complex regulatory hurdles, a shortage of human and technical resources, and the complexities of a two-tiered health-care delivery system were all identified as the main shortcomings to effectively implementing this new field of medicine. A path forward was proposed that relies on active collaboration between clinicians, private organisations, and government. It seems entirely possible that, despite many intrinsic economic and political problems, Brazil can readily emerge as a model for other countries in Latin America for the potential benefits of precision medicine and companion diagnostics.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Delivery of Health Care/legislation & jurisprudence , Health Policy , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/standards , Molecular Targeted Therapy/standards , Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Humans , Neoplasms/metabolism , Neoplasms/pathology , Precision Medicine
8.
Porto Alegre; Artmed; 2 ed; 2006. 480 p. tab.
Monography in Portuguese | Sec. Munic. Saúde SP, AHM-Acervo, TATUAPE-Acervo | ID: sms-6813
9.
Porto Alegre; Artmed; 2 ed; 2004. 480 p. ilus, tab.
Monography in Portuguese | Sec. Munic. Saúde SP, HSPM-Acervo | ID: sms-5308
10.
Porto Alegre; Artmed; 2 ed; 2004. 480 p. ilus, tab.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS, HSPM-Acervo | ID: lil-667248
11.
Porto Alegre; Artmed; 2 ed; 2002. 480 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Monography in Portuguese | Sec. Munic. Saúde SP, AHM-Acervo, CAMPOLIMPO-Acervo, TATUAPE-Acervo | ID: sms-2501

Subject(s)
Clinical Medicine
12.
Porto Alegre; Artmed; 2 ed; 2002. 480 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS, AHM-Acervo, CAMPOLIMPO-Acervo | ID: lil-642221

Subject(s)
Clinical Medicine
13.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 42(5): 393-7, out. 1998. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-262204

ABSTRACT

A associação entre o Carcinoma Medular de Tireóide (CMT) e a Síndrome Carcinóide é bem estabelecida. Entretanto, não existem relatos na literatura da presença de cardiopatia Carcinóide (CC), um dos componentes da síndrome, em pacientes com CMT. Relatamos o caso de uma paciente de 36 anos, branca, submetida à tireoidectomia por apresentar nódulos tireoidianos de crescimento progressivo, cujo diagnóstico, feito pelo exame anátomo-patológico, demonstrou CMT, confirmado pelo exame imunohistoquímico, positivo para calcitonina. A paciente apresentava metástases ósseas, renais e pancreáticas. Um ano após, apresentou quadro progressivo de insuficiência cardíaca, com espessamento das valvas tricúspide e aórtica, dilatação de cavidades diretas e derrame pericárdico à ecocardiografia. A presença de síndrome carcinóide foi estabelecida pela pesquisa de ácido 5-hidroxindolacético urinário fortemente positiva. Muito embora cerca de 20 por cento dos pacientes com Síndrome Carcinóide possam desenvolver a CC, esta alteração não havia sido descrita em associação com o Carcinoma Medular de Tireóide.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Carcinoma, Medullary/complications , Carcinoid Heart Disease/complications , Thyroid Neoplasms/complications , Carcinoma, Medullary/diagnosis , Fatal Outcome , Syndrome , Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis
14.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 2(3): 109-17, Jun. 1998.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-243406

ABSTRACT

The combination of neutropenia and fever, with or without documented infection, is a commun complication in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. The prompt institution of empirical broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy for febrile neutropenic patients has been shown to reduce the rate of early death and morbidity in cancer populations undergoing chemotherapy. Three different regimens for considerations as initial empiric therapy are presented. Alternatives such as outpatient regimens to low risk patients and monotherapy are discussed. If confirmed prospectively, the results presented here may enable clinicians to identify low risk groups and treat neutropenia and fever with good results and better economic and psychological cost.


Subject(s)
Humans , Agranulocytosis/complications , Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Carbapenems/therapeutic use , Cephalosporins/therapeutic use , Drug Evaluation , Fever , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Neutropenia , Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Neutropenia/complications , Neutropenia/drug therapy , Neutrophils , Risk Groups
15.
J. pneumol ; 23(3): 131-6, maio-jun. 1997. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-199410

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência da tromboembolia pulmonar (TEP) em necropsias e o seu grau de suspeiçäo "antemortem" no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA). Delineamento: Estudo de coorte com dados históricos. Local: Hospital geral de agudos, de ensino universitário, de 728 leitos. Material e métodos: Foram estudados de necropsias de adultos de 1985 a 1995 e os prontuários dos pacientes cujas necropsias foram positivas para TEP. Suspeita "antemortem" de TEP foi considerada a partir de registros explícitos no prontuário ou por solicitaçäo de cintilografia pulmonar ou por anticoagulaçäo plena. Resultados: Ocorreram 9607 óbitos em adultos, com a realizaçäo de 767 (7,98 por cento) necropsias. Foi identificada...


Subject(s)
Pulmonary Embolism/pathology
16.
Rev. AMRIGS ; 38(4): 304-7, out.-dez. 1994. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-155217

ABSTRACT

Os autores apresentam um caso de adenocarcinoma de duodeno, uma doenca rara, de curso agressivo e, consequentemente, com mortalidade elevada. Trata-se de uma afeccao pouco frequente e de apresentacao clinica inespecifica. O estudo baritado do trato gastrointestinal superior e de grande valor na investigacao. O tratamento e basicamente cirurgico, apesar de, na maioria das vezes, o tumor nao ser mais ressecavel quando o diagnostico e feito. Os autores revisam aspectos sobre incidencia, mecanismos de protecao natural, histopatologia, distribuicao anatomica, manifestacoes clinicas, radiologicas e endoscopicas e o tratamento desta doenca


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Duodenal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Duodenal Neoplasms/history , Duodenal Neoplasms/surgery , Duodenal Neoplasms/therapy
17.
Rev. AMRIGS ; 38(2): 101-3, abr.-jun. 1994. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-155172

ABSTRACT

As alteracoes hematologicas geradas pelo etanol devem-se a sua toxidade direta, tanto na medula ossea quanto nos elementos sanguineos perifericos, ou indireta, devido aos disturbios metabolicos. Atraves de um estudo transversal quantitativo retrospectivo sobre dados secundarios, com a medida dos elementos sanguineos em pacientes dependentes ou abusadores de alcool, verificou-se a prevalencia e a medida da magnitude ou grau das alteracoes no leucograma dos pacientes internados no Centro do Dependente Quimico (CDQUIM) de Porto Alegre. A amostra foi de 543 pacientes, sendo 504 homens (92,8 por cento ) e 39 mulheres (7,2 por cento ). Do total, 264 (48,6 por cento ) apresentaram alguma alteracao na serie leucocitaria. Nos leucocitos, o achado mais frequente foi monocitopenia (45,1 por cento ), seguido de linfopenia (15,1 por cento ) e neutrocitose (14,9 por cento ). Salienta-se a importancia de se conhecer estas alteracoes, para que o manejo do alcoolista seja mais adequado e preciso


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Alcoholism , Ethanol/adverse effects , Leukocytes/drug effects
19.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-173682

ABSTRACT

Apos a instituicao do novo curriculo da Faculdade de Medicina da UFRGS, no segundo semestre de 1990, a atividade de Monitoria do Departamento de Medicina Interna permanece um importante instrumento de ensino/aprendizagem, tendo sido ampliado seu campo de atuacao. Das 6 disciplinas do Departamento de Medicina Interna, em 3 sao desenvolvidas atividades didaticas pelo grupo de 9 monitores deste departamento. As adaptacoes do programa de monitoria para o novo curriculo da Medicina e as atividades desenvolvidas pelo monitor, tradicionalmente com otima aceitacao por parte de alunos e professores, sao descritas neste artigo. Salienta-se a importancia deste processo de aquisicao e transmissao de conhecimentos para a formacao do monitor como aluno, alem de seu papel de intregracao entre os corpos docente e discente nas atividades de ensino


Subject(s)
Humans , Education, Medical
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