MANAGEMENT OF RISKS OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS ACCORDING TO ADR REPORT FORM DATA FROM LVIV REGION HEALTHCARE FACILITIES IN 2022.

The study aimed to analyse the adverse drug reactions report form data received by the State Expert Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine from healthcare professionals in the Lviv region in 2022. Regarding specific types of medicines, the ones with proven cause-and-effect relationships that caused the highest frequency of adverse drug reactions incidents were chemotherapeutic agents (35.5%), medicines affecting the cardiovascular system (20.3%), and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (8%). Within the penicillin class, amoxicillin potentiated by clavulanate (67%) and amoxicillin (29%) were the dominant drugs showing the highest incidence rate of adverse reactions. Among cephalosporins, ceftriaxone (46%) and cefixime (15%) were found to take the lead in terms of adverse reaction frequency. The highest proportion among all adverse drug reactions caused by penicillins and cephalosporins was attributed to allergic reactions. To confirm or rule out immediate or delayed type allergies in patients, as well as in patients with a history of immediate-type allergic reactions to ß-lactams and planned administration of another ß-lactam, it is necessary to conduct skin testing (skin prick test, or, in the case of parenteral administration, intradermal test) with the planned ß-lactam antibiotic. The second highest proportion of induced adverse drug reactions was attributed to drugs affecting the cardiovascular system (20.3%). The leading medications in the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors category were enalapril (47%) and the combination of lisinopril with hydrochlorothiazide (24%). In the angiotensin II receptor blockers category of medications, valsartan (30%) and telmisartan-hydrochlorothiazide combination (20%) ranked highest. In the category of CCB drugs, amlodipine (66%) and nifedipine (20%) held the leading positions. among angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, enalapril caused the most prevalent and predicted adverse reaction, that of cough, affecting 10.5% of patients, whereas, with the combination therapy of lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide, the cough was observed in only 5.2% of patients. Angiotensin II receptor blockers have a better safety profile, particularly concerning cough. Analysis of adverse drug reactions reports for angiotensin II receptor blockers showed no cases of cough with valsartan and telmisartan-hydrochlorothiazide combination. Among calcium channel blocker medications, amlodipine emerged to rank highest, causing one of the predicted adverse drug reactions, that of lower extremity oedema in 64% of patients. The second position was taken by the combination of amlodipine with valsartan, which showed a statistically significant reduction of 14.3% (p≤0.05) in the incidence of oedema. Using amlodipine at a dose of 5 mg in combination with sartan medicines as angiotensin receptor blockers is an effective therapeutic alternative not only for enhancing blood pressure control in hypertensive patients but also for improving the safety profile of amlodipine. Among all the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs prescribed to patients in the Lviv region in 2022, the highest number of adverse reactions was associated with the administration of diclofenac, ibuprofen, paracetamol, and nimesulide, causing adverse drug reactions in 22%, 19%, 17%, and 10% of cases, respectively. The most common systemic manifestations of adverse reactions with these non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were allergic reactions (63.4%) and gastrointestinal disorders (26.8%). From an evidence-based medicine perspective, the most justified approach for primary and secondary prevention of gastrointestinal complications is the use of proton pump inhibitors.

[CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF QUERTZETIN AND ITS WATER-SOLUBLE FORM CORVITIN IN THE MODEL OF DICLOFENAC-INDUCED GASTROPATHY].

Today, worldwide, there is an intensive search and development of new approaches to increasing the efficiency and safety of classical NSAIDs. In view of the many-sided nature of the pathogenesis of NSAIDs-gastropathy, in our opinion, to optimize the pharmacological effects of NSAIDs, first of all, to increase their safety can be by combining them with drugs with polytropical pharmacological properties. The aim of research - The characterize degree of gastroprotective effect of quercetin (corvitin) in comparison with antisecretory drugs, misoprostol and De-Nol in diclofenac-induced gastropathy. The study was conducted on 56 nonlinear male rats, distributed in 7 groups. Gastropathy was modeled by administered diclofenac sodium once in a stomach in a dose of 50 mg / kg. Investigated drugs were administered 3 times in advance with an interval of 12 hours; the last administration was 1 hour before diclofenac: the quercetin granules (100 mg/kg, intragastrically), corvitin (5 mg/kg, intramuscularly), as well as comparisons of omeprazole (50 mg/kg, intragastrically), famotidine (50 mg/kg, intragastrically), synthetic an analogue of PGE1, misoprostol (0.05 mg/kg, intragastrically) and colloid bismuth subcitrate (de-nol) (50 mg/kg, intragastrically). Animals of the control group received intragastrically equivalent amount of physiological sodium chloride solution. The degree of antiulcer activity of the drugs was evaluated one day after the introduction of diclofenac sodium according to the dynamics of the average number of destructions on the mucous membranes of the stomach each group of rats. The study showed that a single dose of diclofenac in rats induced gastric mucosa in control animals at an average of 9.62±1.06 destructions. Preventive administration of rats before diclofenac corvitin or quercetin was similar to reference drugs inhibiting the ulcerogenic effect of this NSAID, indicating a probable decrease in the number of destructions per gastric mucosa respectively at 78% and 76% against 82% under the action of omeprazole. Preventive administration of quercetin (corvitin) before diclofenac to the same extent as omeprazole promotes weaken the ulcerogenicity of this NSAID.

[The characteristics of the analgesic action of nitrosorbide and no-shpa]. / Kharakteristika obezbolivaiushchego deistviia nirtosorbida i no shpy.

The study was conducted on experimental models of pain sense induced in mice by exposure to thermic or chemical factors and in rats by exposure to electric factors. Nitrosorbide and no-spa possess a dose-dependent analgesic effect. Both drugs excelled analgin in the intensity and duration of analgesic effect.