ABSTRACT
The Board of Trustees of the American Association of Orthodontists asked a panel of medical and dental experts in sleep medicine and dental sleep medicine to create a document designed to offer guidance to practicing orthodontists on the suggested role of the specialty of orthodontics in the management of obstructive sleep apnea. This White Paper presents a summary of the Task Force's findings and recommendations.
Subject(s)
Orthodontics/methods , Orthodontics/standards , Orthodontists , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/therapy , Academies and Institutes , Humans , Orthodontic Appliances , Physicians , Polysomnography/methods , Prevalence , Radiography, Dental , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/diagnosis , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/epidemiology , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/etiology , Surgeons , Treatment Outcome , United StatesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Pain-related worry is distinct from, but related to, pain catastrophizing (PC) and anxiety. Worry and its relationship with other variables have been studied in people with chronic pain but not in people with chronic orofacial pain. The authors explored the prevalence of trait, general and pain-related worry and the association of worry with higher pain levels and other variables. METHODS: The authors assessed people who had a diagnosis of chronic orofacial pain by using nonpain-related trait worry, state anxiety, trait anxiety, PC and pain measures. The participants' answers to an open-ended question about what they were most worried about led to the identification of worry domains, including worry about pain. RESULTS: The authors found that worrying about pain was related significantly to worst and least pain levels, pain interference and pain duration, as well as moderated trait worry in predicting pain interference. Although trait worry was not correlated directly with pain, when moderated by PC, it made substantial contributions in predicting pain interference. CONCLUSIONS: Participants with chronic orofacial pain reported experiencing substantial levels of trait worry, anxiety, PC and worry about pain that related to pain ratings directly and indirectly. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Clinicians should assess pain-related worry in patients with chronic orofacial pain to understand the effects of worry on pain and functioning. Clinicians could treat these patients more effectively by helping them reduce their levels of pain-related worry and focusing on improved coping.
Subject(s)
Anxiety/psychology , Chronic Pain/psychology , Facial Pain/psychology , Adaptation, Psychological , Adult , Catastrophization , Demography , Female , Humans , Male , Pain Measurement , Prevalence , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
The objective of this report was to review the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in children and infants. English peer-reviewed SDB literature identified by MEDLINE and a manual search conducted between 1999 and 2006 was selected. The keywords used for the search included: (1) children; (2) sleep disorder; (3) snoring; and (4) obstructive sleep apnea. A total of 153 manuscripts was identified. A delay in treatment of SDB children may be caused by several factors and may result in serious but generally reversible problems, including: (1) impaired growth; (2) neurocognitive and behavioral dysfunction; and (3) cardiorespiratory failure. Adenotonsillectomy is the treatment of choice, and continuous positive airway pressure may be an option for patients who are not candidates for surgery or who do not respond to surgery. Minimal information is available concerning the dental treatment of these disorders. With the devastating effects sleep disorders can have on children and their families, dentists must recognize obvious symptoms and refer these patients for management by physicians.
