ABSTRACT
We recently identified a rheumatoid factor associated with autoimmune disease resistance and remission, and have named it regulatory rheumatoid factor (regRF). Epitopes recognized by regRF can be induced in papain Fc fragments of IgG. Immunization of arthritic rats with homologous Fc fragments that expose neoepitopes recognized by regRF reduces the symptoms of collagen-induced arthritis. Therefore, regRF-producing lymphocytes are a promising therapeutic target in arthritis, and Fc fragments are a means of stimulating this target.
Subject(s)
Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy , Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/pharmacology , Rheumatoid Factor/immunology , T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology , Animals , Epitopes , Immunoglobulin G/pharmacology , RatsABSTRACT
The Forensic Biochemical Department commemorates its 53d anniversary in 2018, the jubilee year for the Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise of the Moscow Health Department. The author describes the history of the establishment and development of forensic biochemistry in this country, its significance for and contribution to the practical work of forensic medical experts.
Subject(s)
Biochemistry , Forensic Medicine , Anniversaries and Special Events , Biochemistry/history , Biochemistry/methods , Education , Forensic Medicine/history , Forensic Medicine/methods , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Moscow , ResearchABSTRACT
Mechanically exfoliated graphene mounted on a SiO2/Si substrate was subjected to HF/H(2)O etching or irradiation by energetic protons. In both cases gas was released from the SiO2 and accumulated at the graphene/SiO2 interface resulting in the formation of "bubbles" in the graphene sheet. Formation of these "bubbles" demonstrates the robust nature of single layer graphene membranes, which are capable of containing mesoscopic volumes of gas. In addition, effective mass transport at the graphene/SiO2 interface has been observed.
Subject(s)
Crystallization/methods , Graphite/chemistry , Membranes, Artificial , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning/methods , Nanostructures/chemistry , Nanostructures/ultrastructure , Nanotechnology/methods , Gases/chemistry , Macromolecular Substances/chemistry , Materials Testing , Molecular Conformation , Particle Size , Surface PropertiesABSTRACT
In the early months of life, infants acquire information about the phonetic properties of their native language simply by listening to adults speak. The acoustic properties of phonetic units in language input to young infants in the United States, Russia, and Sweden were examined. In all three countries, mothers addressing their infants produced acoustically more extreme vowels than they did when addressing adults, resulting in a "stretching" of vowel space. The findings show that language input to infants provides exceptionally well-specified information about the linguistic units that form the building blocks for words.