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2.
Nat Cancer ; 3(9): 1039-1051, 2022 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35715501

ABSTRACT

Patients with cancer frequently receive immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which may modulate immune responses to COVID-19 vaccines. Recently, cytokine release syndrome (CRS) was observed in a patient with cancer who received BTN162b2 vaccination under ICI treatment. Here, we analyzed adverse events and serum cytokines in patients with 23 different tumors undergoing (n = 64) or not undergoing (n = 26) COVID-19 vaccination under ICI therapy in a prospectively planned German single-center cohort study (n = 220). We did not observe clinically relevant CRS (≥grade 2) after vaccination (95% CI 0-5.6%; Common Terminology of Adverse Events v.5.0) in this small cohort. Within 4 weeks after vaccination, serious adverse events occurred in eight patients (12.5% 95% CI 5.6-23%): six patients were hospitalized due to events common under cancer therapy including immune related adverse events and two patients died due to conditions present before vaccination. Despite absence of CRS symptoms, a set of pairwise-correlated CRS-associated cytokines, including CXCL8 and interleukin-6 was >1.5-fold upregulated in 40% (95% CI 23.9-57.9%) of patients after vaccination. Hence, elevated cytokine levels are common and not sufficient to establish CRS diagnosis.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 Vaccines , COVID-19 , Neoplasms , COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects , Cohort Studies , Cytokine Release Syndrome , Cytokines , Humans , Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors , Immunotherapy/adverse effects , Interleukin-6 , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Vaccination
3.
J Dtsch Dermatol Ges ; 15(7): 703-708, 2017 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28677189

ABSTRACT

HINTERGRUND: In der letzten Zeit wurden in der Literatur vermehrt erhöhte Hauttoxizitäten während einer Kombinationstherapie mit BRAF Inhibitoren und Radiotherapie beschrieben. MATERIAL UND METHODIK: Wir berichten über sieben Melanompatienten in einem nicht resezierbaren Stadium III oder IV, die eine kombinierte Behandlung aus Bestrahlung und BRAF-Inhibitor erhielten. ERGEBNISSE: Bei allen Patienten konnte durch die Kombinationstherapie ein gutes lokales Ansprechen erreicht werden. Nur bei zwei Patienten wurde eine schwere Radiodermatitis (CTCAE Grad 3 bzw. 4) beobachtet. Bei diesen Patienten, die beide Vemurafenib erhielten, trat die Radiodermatitis nach ein bzw. zwei Wochen auf und resultierte in einer Unterbrechung der BRAF-Inhibitor Behandlung.. Die kumulative Dosis bis zum Zeitpunkt der Strahlendermatitis betrug 10 Gy bzw. 35 Gy. Bei allen anderen Vemurafenibpatienten konnten nur milde Reaktionen im Sinne einer Radiodermatitis CTCAE Grad 2, beim Dabrafenibpatienten CTCAE Grade 1 diagnostiziert werden. Bei einem Patienten wurde eine Recalldermatitis nach 14 Tagen einer beendeten Strahlentherapie mit einer kumulativen Dosis von 30 Gy diagnostiziert. SCHLUSSFOLGERUNGEN: Schwere Toxizitätsreaktionen der Haut unter einer BRAF-Inhibitionen treten nicht häufig auf und sind meistens gut therapierbar. Deshalb sollte die Kombinationstherapie bei aggressiv wachsenden Melanomen eine Therapieoption bleiben. Obwohl ein erhöhtes Risiko der Hauttoxizität unter einer Kombinationstherapie von Radiatio und BRAF-Inhibitoren besteht, wird diese von den meisten Patienten gut toleriert. Sequenzielle Therapie anstelle von gleichzeitiger Behandlung scheint die Toxizitätreaktionen nicht zu verhindern.

4.
J Dtsch Dermatol Ges ; 15(7): 703-708, 2017 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28557366

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Increased skin toxicity during combination therapy with a BRAF inhibitor and radiation therapy has recently been reported. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We present seven melanoma patients with non-resectable stage III or IV disease and concomitant treatment with a BRAF inhibitor and radiation therapy. RESULTS: In all patients, combination therapy yielded a good local response. Only two patients, both on vemurafenib, showed severe radiation dermatitis (CTCAE grade 3/4) after one and two weeks, respectively, resulting in interruption of BRAF inhibitor treatment. The respective cumulative radiation dose was 10 Gy and 35 Gy. The remaining vemurafenib patients displayed only mild radiation dermatitis CTCAE grade 2; the only dabrafenib patient CTCAE grade 1. In one patient, recall dermatitis was diagnosed 14 days after completion of radiation therapy with a cumulative dose of 30 Gy. CONCLUSIONS: Severe skin toxicity caused by BRAF inhibitor-induced radiosensitization is not common and usually amenable to treatment. Thus, combination treatment should remain a therapeutic option, especially in melanoma patients characterized by aggressive tumor growth. Although there is an increased risk of skin toxicity during combination therapy, it is usually well tolerated by most patients. Sequential - instead of simultaneous - treatment does not seem to prevent such toxicity reactions.


Subject(s)
Melanoma/therapy , Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/antagonists & inhibitors , Radiation-Sensitizing Agents/adverse effects , Radiation-Sensitizing Agents/therapeutic use , Radiodermatitis/chemically induced , Skin Neoplasms/therapy , Adult , Aged , Combined Modality Therapy , Disease Progression , Female , Humans , Imidazoles/adverse effects , Imidazoles/therapeutic use , Indoles/adverse effects , Indoles/therapeutic use , Male , Melanoma/pathology , Neoplasm Staging , Oximes/adverse effects , Oximes/therapeutic use , Radiodermatitis/diagnosis , Radiotherapy Dosage , Retrospective Studies , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Sulfonamides/adverse effects , Sulfonamides/therapeutic use , Vemurafenib
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