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BACKGROUND: The clinical and epidemiological data of the recent outbreak of monkeypox (MPX) differ from previous reports. One difference is the epidemiological profile; the disease mainly affects a subgroup of MSM (men who have sex with men) with high-risk sexual behaviors, frequently persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV). METHODS: In this observational analysis, all patients with PCR (polymerase chain reaction)-confirmed MPX attending an Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Unit in Gran Canaria (Spain) between May and July 2022 were considered. RESULTS: In total, 42 men were included; 88% were identified as MSM, with a median age of 40 years. Only 43% were born in Spain. All the patients had systemic symptoms and skin lesions. The distribution of lesions was more frequent in the genital/anal region, and the involvement of hands and feet was less common. Fever and lymphadenopathies were less frequent than in other series. Other unusual manifestations were proctitis, pharyngitis and penile-scrotal edema. Half of the patients had other associated infections (mainly STIs, sexually transmitted infections), and 60% of the monkeypox patients had PLHIV (People Living with HIV). When comparing the clinical characteristics between HIV-positive and -negative patients, we found three main differences: (i) a higher frequency of perioral lesions, (ii) a higher frequency of pharyngitis and (iii) a higher number of sexually transmitted infections in HIV-positive patients. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical findings in this outbreak of MPX had great variability in presentation. Several clinical differences were found in PLHIV-coinfected patients.
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Humans , Adult , Endocarditis , Kingella kingae , Echocardiography, TransesophagealABSTRACT
To document the epidemiology, clinical features, and outcomes of murine typhus patients in the Canary Islands (Spain), we analyzed data that were retrospectively collected for 16 years for 221 patients. Murine typhus in the Canary Islands is characterized by a high rate of complications (31.6%), mainly liver, lung, kidney or central nervous system involvement.
Subject(s)
Typhus, Endemic Flea-Borne , Animals , Humans , Liver , Mice , Retrospective Studies , Rickettsia typhi , Spain/epidemiology , Typhus, Endemic Flea-Borne/diagnosis , Typhus, Endemic Flea-Borne/epidemiologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) is characterized by various clinical and biological data derived from cytokine hyperproduction and cell proliferation. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the epidemiological, etiological, clinical and evolutionary characteristics of patients diagnosed with hemophagocytic syndrome and HIV infection, as well as their comparison with data from the literature. METHODS: A retrospective descriptive observational study was performed, including all adult patients with a diagnosis of HPS and HIV infection treated in the Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Unit of the Hospital Universitario Insular, Las Palmas, Gran Canaria from June 1, 1998 to December 31, 2018. RESULTS: An analysis of this series of case reports of 15 patients showed a higher percentage of males than females, with a mean age of 42 years. With respect to the diagnostic criteria for HPS, presence of fever, cytopenias and hyperferritinemia were a constant in all patients. Clinical neurological manifestations were frequent and clinical respiratory signs and symptoms absent. HPS was confirmed in some patients who were not severely immune-depressed and had undetectable viral loads. Furthermore, 40% of cases were not receiving ART. The most frequent triggering causes of HPS were viral, especially HHV-8. In addition, two new HPS triggers were identified: Blastocystis dermatitidis and Mycobacterium chelonae. CONCLUSION: Administration of treatment in HPS is arbitrary. This, together with the high mortality rate and the fact that it is underdiagnosed, indicates the importance of conducting future studies
OBJETIVOS: El síndrome hemofagocítico (HPS) se caracteriza por varios datos clínicos y biológicos derivados de la hiperproducción de citocinas y proliferación celular. Los objetivos fueron evaluar las características epidemiológicas, etiológicas, clínicas y evolutivas de los pacientes con diagnóstico de síndrome hemofagocítico e infección por VIH así como su comparación con los datos bibliográficos. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo retrospectivo incluyendo todos los pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de HPS e infección por VIH, atendidos en la Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Medicina Tropical del Hospital Universitario Insular de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria desde 1 de junio 1998 hasta 31 de diciembre de 2018. RESULTADOS: Se analizó una serie de casos de 15 pacientes, observando un mayor porcentaje de varones con edad media de 42 años. En cuanto a los criterios de HPS se observa que la presencia de fiebre, citopenias e hiperferritinemia era constante en todos los pacientes. Las manifestaciones clínicas neurológicas fueron frecuentes y ausente la clínica respiratoria. Se confirmó HPS en algunos pacientes sin inmunodepresión grave y carga viral indetectable. Además, un 40% de los casos no recibían ART. Las causas desencadenantes de HPS más frecuentes fueron las víricas, especialmente HHV-8. Además, se identificaron dos nuevos agentes desencadenantes de HPS: Blastocystis dermatitidis y Mycobacterium chelonae. CONCLUSIÓN: La administración de tratamiento en HPS es arbitraria lo que unido a su alta tasa de mortalidad e infradiagnóstico indican la importancia de continuar realizando estudios futuros
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , HIV Infections/complications , Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic/complications , Mycobacterium chelonae/isolation & purification , Blastocystis/isolation & purification , Retrospective Studies , Iron Overload/etiology , Blastocystis Infections/epidemiology , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/epidemiologyABSTRACT
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Humans , Male , Aged , Listeria/pathogenicity , Listeriosis/complications , Hepatitis E virus/pathogenicity , Hepatitis E/diagnosis , Coinfection/complications , Listeria monocytogenes/isolation & purification , Bacteremia/diagnosisABSTRACT
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Humans , Female , Adult , Clostridium/isolation & purification , Clostridium Infections/diagnosis , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications , Peritonitis/microbiology , Clostridium/pathogenicity , Clostridium Infections/etiology , Peritoneal Dialysis/adverse effects , Microbial Sensitivity TestsABSTRACT
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Humans , Male , Young Adult , Abscess/microbiology , Fasciitis, Necrotizing/microbiology , Bacillus cereus/isolation & purification , Leg Injuries/surgery , Postoperative Complications , Surgical Wound Infection/therapyABSTRACT
Introduccion. El objetivo fue conocer las características demográficas y la evolución temporal de los viajeros internacionales atendidos en la Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Medicina Tropical con el fin de mejorar las precauciones previas al viaje y disminuir la aparición de dichas enfermedades. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de todos los viajeros internacionales atendidos en la UEIMT (Las Palmas de Gran Canaria) durante el periodo 1998 - 2013. Se analizaron las siguientes variables que fueron recogidas mediante un protocolo estandarizado: edad, género, fecha de la consulta, tipo de viajero, país/es de destino y medidas preventivas realizadas (quimioprofilaxis antipalúdica y vacunas). El análisis estadístico se realizó usando el paquete SPSS versión 19.0. Resultados. Se analizaron un total de 6.783 viajeros internacionales de los cuales 52% fueron mujeres. La media de edad fue de 36 años (DT 13). El continente de destino más frecuente fue África (39%) seguido de Asia (36%) y América Latina (23%). El país de destino más habitual fue la India 13% (882), seguido de Senegal 7,5% (509) y Tailandia 6,3% (429). Las vacunas más frecuentemente recomendadas fueron, fiebre tifoidea (82,9%) y hepatitis A (66,9%). En cuanto a la profilaxis antipalúdica, los fármacos indicados fueron atovacuonaproguanil (56,5%), mefloquina (36,7 %), En lo que respecta a los viajeros que regresan para visitar a amigos y familiares un 26,81% eran niños (0-9 años). Conclusiones. El perfil general del viajero es un joven que con motivo vacacional elige como destino África seguido de Asia y Latinoamérica. Más del 50% de los viajeros recibieron vacunación frente a la fiebre tifoidea y a la hepatitis A. La quimioprofilaxis antipalúdica más utilizada fue atovacuona/ proguanil seguida de mefloquina (AU)
Background. The objective of this paper was to determine the demographic characteristics and the evolution of international travelers treated at the Unit of Infectious and Tropical Medicine in order to improve precautions prior to travel and, thus reduce the occurrence of these diseases. Methods. A retrospective study of all international travelers served in UEIMT (Las Palmas de Gran Canaria) during the period 1998-2013 was performed. The following variables were collected using a standardized protocol were analyzed: age, gender, date of consultation, type of traveler, countries of destination and preventive measures undertaken (malaria chemoprophylaxis and vaccines). Results. A total of 6,783 international travelers of which 52% were women were analyzed. The average age was 36 years (SD 13). The most frequent destination continent was Africa (39%) followed by Asia (36%) and Latin America (23%). The most common country of destination was India 13% (882), followed by Senegal 7.5% (509) and Thailand 6.3% (429). The most frequently recommended vaccines were typhoid fever (82.9%) and hepatitis A (66.9%). As for malaria prophylaxis, the indicated drugs were atovaquone-proguanil (56.5%), mefloquine (36.7%), in regard to travelers returning to visit relatives and friends with a 26.81% were children (0-9 years). Conclusions. The overall profile of the traveler is a young man who chooses holiday destination Africa followed by Asia and Latin America. Over 50% of travelers received vaccination against typhoid and hepatitis A. The most commonly used malaria chemoprophylaxis was atovaquone / proguanil followed by mefloquine (AU)
