ABSTRACT
Introducción: En España existe un alto consumo de antibióticos, especialmente en los primeros años de vida. Un uso excesivo de antimicrobianos contribuye a la aparición de resistencias. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la evolución del consumo de antibióticos en población pediátrica entre 2014 y 2021 en la atención primaria del Principado de Asturias, y estudiar el impacto de la pandemia por COVID-19 sobre el mismo. Métodos: Estudio observacional y retrospectivo que recoge las prescripciones de antibacterianos para uso sistémico dispensadas a partir de recetas oficiales emitidas para pacientes menores de 14 años en atención primaria. Se mide el consumo en dosis diarias definidas (DDD) por 1.000 habitantes y día (DHD). Resultados: La tasa de consumo de antibióticos descendió desde 13,9DHD en 2014 a 4,0 en 2021 (β=−1,42; p=0,002) con un punto de inflexión en el año 2019. Entre 2019 y 2020 el descenso fue del 47,1%. El consumo se mantuvo en niveles muy bajos entre abril de 2020 y septiembre de 2021, con un repunte contenido desde octubre de 2021. La prevalencia de uso de antibióticos cayó desde el 39,9% en 2014 al 17,5% en 2021 (β=−3,64; p=0,006). Disminuyó el consumo relativo de amoxicilina-clavulánico y aumentó el de amoxicilina y cefalosporinas de tercera generación. Conclusión: En Asturias, el consumo pediátrico de antibióticos en atención primaria se desplomó a partir de 2020, coincidiendo con la COVID-19. La monitorización de estos indicadores permitirá comprobar en qué medida se mantienen los cambios en el tiempo.(AU)
Introduction: Consumption of antibiotics is high in Spain, primarily in children. Excessive use of then contributes to the development of antimicrobial resistance. The aim of our study is to analyse the evolution of antibiotic consumption at the Primary Health Care in the paediatric population of Asturias, Spain, from 2014 to 2021, and to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on it. Methods: Retrospective and observational study using data about antibacterial agents for systemic use dispensed for official prescriptions to children under 14 years in Primary Care. Antibiotic consumption is expressed as defined daily dose (DDD) per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID). Results: The antibiotic consumption rate dropped from 13.9 DID in 2014 to 4.0 in 2021 (β=−1.42, P=.002), with and inflection point in 2019. From 2019 to 2020 antibiotic use dropped by 47.1%. Antibiotic consumption remained very low from April 2020 to September 2021, and then moderately increased from October 2021. Prevalence of antibiotic use dropped from 39.9% in 2014 to 17.5% in 2021 (β=−3.64, P=.006). Relative consumption of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid decreased, while those of amoxiciline and third-generation cephalosporins increased. Conclusions: Paediatric antibiotic consumption collapsed in Asturias in 2020, coinciding with COVID-19 pandemic. Monitoring of antimicrobial usage indicators will allow to check if these changes are sustained over time.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Primary Health Care , /drug therapy , Pediatrics , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Drug Monitoring/methods , Spain , Retrospective Studies , Pandemics , Data Interpretation, StatisticalABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Consumption of antibiotics is high in Spain, primarily in children. Excessive use of then contributes to the development of antimicrobial resistance. The aim of our study is to analyse the evolution of antibiotic consumption at the Primary Health Care in the paediatric population of Asturias, Spain, from 2014 to 2021, and to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on it. METHODS: Retrospective and observational study using data about antibacterial agents for systemic use dispensed for official prescriptions to children under 14 years in Primary Care. Antibiotic consumption is expressed as defined daily dose (DDD) per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID). RESULTS: The antibiotic consumption rate dropped from 13.9 DID in 2014 to 4.0 in 2021 (ß=-1,42, p=0,002), with and inflection point in 2019. From 2019 to 2020 antibiotic use dropped by 47.1%. Antibiotic consumption remained very low from April 2020 to September 2021, and then moderately increased from October 2021. Prevalence of antibiotic use dropped from 39.9% in 2014 to 17.5% in 2021 (ß=-3,64, p=0,006). Relative consumption of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid decreased, while those of amoxiciline and third-generation cephalosporins increased. CONCLUSIONS: Paediatric antibiotic consumption collapsed in Asturias in 2020, coinciding with COVID-19 pandemic. Monitoring of antimicrobial usage indicators will allow to check if these changes are sustained over time.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents , COVID-19 , Child , Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Retrospective Studies , Pandemics , Primary Health CareABSTRACT
Objetivo: Estudiar la evolución del consumo de antibióticos en población adulta en el ámbito de Atención Primaria (AP) del Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA) durante 2014-2020.DiseñoEstudio observacional retrospectivo.EmplazamientoAP del SESPA.ParticipantesPoblación de la base de datos de Tarjeta Sanitaria Individual.IntervencionesSe recogieron datos de prescripción de antibióticos, realizada en las consultas de medicina de familia, dispensados en las oficinas de farmacia con cargo al SESPA. Se analizaron variables de uso y consumo de antibióticos mediante modelos de regresión lineal.Mediciones principalesPrevalencia de uso de antibióticos (porcentaje población); tasa de consumo de antibióticos de uso sistémico (DTD), consumo relativo de antibióticos de espectro reducido (porcentaje DDD).ResultadosLa prevalencia media del uso de antibióticos del periodo 2014-2019 fue de 32,2% y 23,9% en 2020. La tasa de consumo de antibióticos de uso sistémico pasó de 21,4 DTD en 2014 a 12,7 DTD en 2020. El consumo de antibióticos de espectro reducido se mantuvo estable (19,4% DDD en 2014 y 19,3% DDD en 2020) (IC95: -0,10, 0,26). En el periodo de marzo a diciembre de 2020, el consumo de antibióticos se redujo un 28,6% respecto al mismo periodo de 2019.ConclusionesEn 2014-2020 el consumo de antibióticos disminuyó, especialmente a partir de la pandemia por COVID-19, con estabilización del consumo de antibióticos de espectro reducido respecto al total. Existe variabilidad en el consumo por subgrupos terapéuticos.
Trend study of the consumption of systemic antibiotics in the adult population in of Primary Care of the Health Service of the Principality of Asturias (SESPA) during the period 2014̶2020. Retrospective observational study. SESPA, Primary Care. Population from the Individual Health Card database. Data were collected on the prescription of antibiotics, carried out in the family medicine consultations, dispensed in the pharmacy offices with charge of SESPA. Antibiotic use and consumption variables were analyzed using linear regression models. Prevalence of antibiotic use (population percentage); consumption rate of systemic antibiotics (DTD), relative consumption of narrow-spectrum antibiotics (percentage DDD). The average prevalence of the use of antibiotics for the 2014̶2019 period was 32.2% and 23.9% in 2020. The rate of consumption of systemic antibiotics decreased from 21.4 DTD in 2014 to 12.7 DTD in 2020. The consumption of narrow-spectrum antibiotics remained stable (19.4% DDD in 2014 and 19.3% DDD in 2020) (CI95: −0.10, 0.26). In the period from March to December 2020, the consumption of antibiotics decreased by 28.6% compared to the same period in 2019. In 2014̶2020, the consumption of antibiotics decreased, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic, with stabilization of the consumption of narrow-spectrum antibiotics compared to the total. There is variability in consumption by therapeutic subgroups.
Subject(s)
Humans , Health Sciences , Primary Health Care , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Drug Prescriptions , Pandemics , Coronavirus/drug effects , Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/drug effectsABSTRACT
Trend study of the consumption of systemic antibiotics in the adult population in of Primary Care of the Health Service of the Principality of Asturias (SESPA) during the period 2014̶2020. Retrospective observational study. SESPA, Primary Care. Population from the Individual Health Card database. Data were collected on the prescription of antibiotics, carried out in the family medicine consultations, dispensed in the pharmacy offices with charge of SESPA. Antibiotic use and consumption variables were analyzed using linear regression models. Prevalence of antibiotic use (population percentage); consumption rate of systemic antibiotics (DTD), relative consumption of narrow-spectrum antibiotics (percentage DDD). The average prevalence of the use of antibiotics for the 2014̶2019 period was 32.2% and 23.9% in 2020. The rate of consumption of systemic antibiotics decreased from 21.4 DTD in 2014 to 12.7 DTD in 2020. The consumption of narrow-spectrum antibiotics remained stable (19.4% DDD in 2014 and 19.3% DDD in 2020) (CI95: -0.10, 0.26). In the period from March to December 2020, the consumption of antibiotics decreased by 28.6% compared to the same period in 2019. In 2014̶2020, the consumption of antibiotics decreased, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic, with stabilization of the consumption of narrow-spectrum antibiotics compared to the total. There is variability in consumption by therapeutic subgroups.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents , COVID-19 Drug Treatment , Adult , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Drug Prescriptions , Drug Utilization , Humans , Pandemics , Primary Health Care , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Patients of adult intensive care units (ICUs) often suffer from a lack of sleep. Reducing anxiety by promoting adaptation to the ICU prior to admission may be an appropriate way to increase sleep quality. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact on sleep quality of a brief nurse intervention. METHODS: This was a pilot randomized controlled trial in Spain. Forty patients admitted in hospital for valve cardiac surgery were randomly allocated to (1) control group (n = 20), receiving usual care, and to (2) experimental group (EG, n = 20), receiving a nurse intervention the day before surgery and admission in the ICU. The intervention was based on Roy Adaptation Model. A trained nurse anticipated the stressful stimulus to patients in order to develop functional adaptive behaviors. A set of photographs and videos was used to illustrate the environment and assistance in the ICU. Sleep quality in the ICU was measured with the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire and usual sleep quality with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. RESULTS: After the intervention, sleep quality was lower in the EG compared with the control group (-4 points in Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire, P = .69). Adjustment for main confounders led this reduction to -1.9 points (P = .87) among patients in EG. Stratified analyses shown a positive impact for people who usually slept well (+5.2 points, P = .77), but negative for those who had previous poor sleep quality (-20.0 points, P = .24). CONCLUSION: A nurse intervention prior to ICU admission did not increase patients' sleep quality. In addition, the intervention could have incremented anxiety over the patients who used to sleep poorly at their homes.
Subject(s)
Critical Care Nursing/methods , Intensive Care Units , Sleep Wake Disorders/nursing , Adult , Aged , Female , Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pilot Projects , Spain , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
AIM: To analyze the risk of ventriculitis associated to the care of the external ventricular drain. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Case-control study among a sample of neurocritical patients of the University Hospital of Asturias (Spain) who carried a ventricular catheter (n = 127; 49 cases and 78 controls). Main outcome was the diagnosis of ventriculitus, according to established criteria. Independent variables were related to the catheter management, including nursing cares of the insertion point, administration of intrathecal medication, flushes, changes and mobilization of the catheter. Other variables (age, sex, APACHE score, admission diagnosis, comorbidity, antibiotics, time to insertion and permanence time of the drain) were studied as covariates. RESULTS: Nursing catheter cares (OR 3.8; 95% CI: 1.1-13.9) and administration of intrathecal medication (OR: 7.1; 95% CI: 2.1-23.6) were significantly associated with ventriculitis. After adjustment by the number of days at risk, the effect of nursing cares disappeared (OR 1.4; 95% CI: 0.3-6.6). CONCLUSIONS: Intrathecal medication and nursing cares seem to be associated with ventriculitis. The administration of medication by the ventricular drain really reflects that the physicians suspect ventriculitis before the diagnosis is confirmed and, therefore, they prescribe this medication. However, as the duration of drain increases the frequency of nursing cares, it seems prudent to recommend not lengthen the permanence of the ventricular drain and to improve the training of nurses.
TITLE: Riesgo de ventriculitis asociado a cuidados del drenaje ventricular externo en pacientes neurocriticos.Objetivo. Analizar el riesgo de ventriculitis asociada a los cuidados del drenaje ventricular externo. Sujetos y metodos. Estudio de casos y controles en una muestra de pacientes neurocriticos del Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (España) portadores de drenaje ventricular externo (n = 127; 49 casos y 78 controles). Se consideraron casos (variable dependiente) los pacientes con diagnostico medico de ventriculitis siguiendo criterios establecidos. Las variables independientes fueron los cuidados del drenaje ventricular, como curas de la zona de insercion, administracion de medicacion intratecal, lavados, movilizacion y recambio del drenaje. Se controlo el efecto de variables confusoras: edad, sexo, escala APACHE y diagnostico en el momento del ingreso, comorbilidad, antibioterapia, tiempo hasta la colocacion del drenaje ventricular externo y tiempo de permanencia. Resultados. Las curas del drenaje (odds ratio: 3,8; intervalo de confianza al 95%, IC 95%: 1,1-13,9) y la administracion de medicacion intratecal (odds ratio: 7,1; IC 95%: 2,1-23,6) se asociaron significativamente con la ventriculitis. Cuando se ajusta adicionalmente por el tiempo de permanencia del cateter, el efecto de las curas (odds ratio: 1,4; IC 95%: 0,3-6,6) pierde importancia porque ambas variables estan muy relacionadas. Conclusiones. La medicacion intratecal y las curas parecen asociarse con ventriculitis. La administracion de medicacion por el drenaje realmente refleja que el medico sospecha la ventriculitis antes de su diagnostico y, por esta razon, la prescribe. Sin embargo, como la duracion del drenaje aumenta la frecuencia de curas, parece prudente recomendar no alargar el tiempo de drenaje y mejorar la capacitacion de los profesionales de enfermeria para realizar curas.
Subject(s)
Catheters/adverse effects , Cerebral Ventriculitis/etiology , Drainage/adverse effects , Drainage/instrumentation , Case-Control Studies , Cerebral Ventriculitis/epidemiology , Critical Illness , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , RiskABSTRACT
Objetivo. Analizar el riesgo de ventriculitis asociada a los cuidados del drenaje ventricular externo. Sujetos y métodos. Estudio de casos y controles en una muestra de pacientes neurocríticos del Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (España) portadores de drenaje ventricular externo (n = 127; 49 casos y 78 controles). Se consideraron casos (variable dependiente) los pacientes con diagnóstico médico de ventriculitis siguiendo criterios establecidos. Las variables independientes fueron los cuidados del drenaje ventricular, como curas de la zona de inserción, administración de medicación intratecal, lavados, movilización y recambio del drenaje. Se controló el efecto de variables confusoras: edad, sexo, escala APACHE y diagnóstico en el momento del ingreso, comorbilidad, antibioterapia, tiempo hasta la colocación del drenaje ventricular externo y tiempo de permanencia. Resultados. Las curas del drenaje (odds ratio: 3,8; intervalo de confianza al 95%, IC 95%: 1,1-13,9) y la administración de medicación intratecal (odds ratio: 7,1; IC 95%: 2,1-23,6) se asociaron significativamente con la ventriculitis. Cuando se ajusta adicionalmente por el tiempo de permanencia del catéter, el efecto de las curas (odds ratio: 1,4; IC 95%: 0,3-6,6) pierde importancia porque ambas variables están muy relacionadas. Conclusiones. La medicación intratecal y las curas parecen asociarse con ventriculitis. La administración de medicación por el drenaje realmente refleja que el médico sospecha la ventriculitis antes de su diagnóstico y, por esta razón, la prescribe. Sin embargo, como la duración del drenaje aumenta la frecuencia de curas, parece prudente recomendar no alargar el tiempo de drenaje y mejorar la capacitación de los profesionales de enfermería para realizar curas (AU)
Aim. To analyze the risk of ventriculitis associated to the care of the external ventricular drain. Subjects and methods. Case-control study among a sample of neurocritical patients of the University Hospital of Asturias (Spain) who carried a ventricular catheter (n = 127; 49 cases and 78 controls). Main outcome was the diagnosis of ventriculitus, according to established criteria. Independent variables were related to the catheter management, including nursing cares of the insertion point, administration of intrathecal medication, flushes, changes and mobilization of the catheter. Other variables (age, sex, APACHE score, admission diagnosis, comorbidity, antibiotics, time to insertion and permanence time of the drain) were studied as covariates. Results. Nursing catheter cares (OR 3.8; 95% CI: 1.1-13.9) and administration of intrathecal medication (OR: 7.1; 95% CI: 2.1-23.6) were significantly associated with ventriculitis. After adjustment by the number of days at risk, the effect of nursing cares disappeared (OR 1.4; 95% CI: 0.3-6.6). Conclusions. Intrathecal medication and nursing cares seem to be associated with ventriculitis. The administration of medication by the ventricular drain really reflects that the physicians suspect ventriculitis before the diagnosis is confirmed and, therefore, they prescribe this medication. However, as the duration of drain increases the frequency of nursing cares, it seems prudent to recommend not lengthen the permanence of the ventricular drain and to improve the training of nurses (AU)
