ABSTRACT
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Subject(s)
Humans , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnosis , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/therapy , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Risk Management/classification , Respiratory Function Tests , Risk Groups , Kaplan-Meier EstimateABSTRACT
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Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnosis , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology , Practice Guidelines as Topic/standards , Risk Factors , Predictive Value of Tests , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/etiology , Retrospective Studies , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , ROC CurveABSTRACT
Antecedentes y objetivo: La mayoría de los estudios sobre enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) excluyen a pacientes octogenarios, por lo que la enfermedad no está bien caracterizada en esta franja etaria. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar las características clínicas de los pacientes octogenarios con EPOC y la utilidad de los índices pronósticos más empleados en la enfermedad en esta edad. Pacientes y método: Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes consecutivos atendidos en una consulta entre 2009 y 2017. Se estudiaron parámetros de función pulmonar, distribución de fenotipos clínicos, historial de ingresos, mortalidad, comorbilidades y la utilidad de los índices de Charlson, BODEX, COTE y CODEX para predecir mortalidad. Resultados: La muestra constó de 698 sujetos, 82 (11,7%)≥80 años. El seguimiento medio fue de 47,9±21,8 meses. En los pacientes octogenarios la gravedad de la EPOC medida por el FEV1% o por el índice BODEX fue similar a la de sujetos más jóvenes, pero la disnea fue mayor. En estos pacientes fue más frecuente el fenotipo bronquitis crónica y el exacerbador frecuente, y menos prevalente el enfisema. Los octogenarios tenían más prevalencia de comorbilidad cardiovascular y de insuficiencia renal. Los ingresos hospitalarios y la mortalidad fueron mayores en los octogenarios. La mayoría de los índices pronósticos tuvieron utilidad para predecir mortalidad en los pacientes ancianos, y en ambos grupos etarios el índice CODEX fue el mejor a este respecto. Conclusión: Los pacientes octogenarios con EPOC tienen unas características diferenciales que podrían implicar un abordaje terapéutico diferente. Los índices pronósticos son útiles para predecir mortalidad en esta población
Background and objective: Most studies on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exclude octogenarian patients. Therefore, the disease is not well characterized in this age group. The objective of this study is to analyze the clinical characteristics of octogenarian patients with COPD and the usefulness of the prognostic indexes used most frequently in this age group. Patients and method: Retrospective study of consecutive patients seen at a clinic between 2009 and 2017. The following variables were analyzed: lung function parameters, distribution of clinical phenotypes, income history, mortality, comorbidities and usefulness of the Charlson, BODEX, COTE and CODEX indexes to predict mortality. Results: The sample comprised 698 patients, 82 aged (11.7%)≥80 years old. Mean follow-up time was 47.9±21.8 months. In octogenarian patients, the severity of the COPD, assessed by means of the FEV1% or BODEX index, was similar to that of younger patients, but dyspnea was worse in the elderly group. In these patients, the chronic bronchitis and frequent exacerbator phenotypes were the most frequent, whilst the emphysema phenotype was the least common. Octogenarians had a greater prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities and renal diseases. Moreover, hospital admissions were more frequent and mortality was higher in these elderly patients. Most prognostic indexes were useful in predicting mortality in elderly patients. CODEX was the most useful index to predict mortality, both in octogenarian and younger patients. Conclusion: Octogenarian patients with COPD have differential characteristics which could imply the need for different therapeutic approaches. Prognostic indexes are useful for predicting mortality in this population
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged, 80 and over , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/mortality , Aged, 80 and over , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/genetics , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Observational StudyABSTRACT
Purpose: Grouping COPD subjects into clinical phenotypes might be useful for the management of the disease, but the clinical implications of such classification are still not totally clear, especially regarding prognosis. The primary objective of this study was to assess whether the mortality rates were different between four predefined clinical phenotypes. Patients and methods: This is a retrospective, observational study carried out at the COPD clinic of a University Hospital. A total of 891 COPD patients were classified, according to the Spanish COPD guidelines, into the following four phenotypes: asthma-COPD overlap (ACO; 75 subjects), nonexacerbator (NONEX; 531 subjects), exacerbator with chronic bronchitis (EXCB; 194 subjects), and exacerbator with emphysema (EXEMPH; 91 subjects). We compared the mortality outcomes between the phenotypes. Results: After a follow-up of 48.4±25.2 months, there were 194 deaths (21.8%). There were significant differences in all-cause mortality between phenotypes. The ACO phenotype had the best long-term prognosis, whereas EXEMPH had the highest risk of death. NONEX and EXCB mortality figures were in between the other two groups. We also found some differences in the causes of death, and patients with EXEMPH were at a higher risk of dying because of COPD itself. The differences in mortality did not seem related to the classification into phenotypes in itself but to disparities in COPD severity and comorbidity load between groups. Conclusion: Classifying COPD patients according to several predefined clinical phenotypes can identify clusters of subjects with different mortality outcomes. Some phenotypes are associated with a specific cause of death. The mechanisms that underlie these differences seem to be related to COPD severity and comorbidities.
Subject(s)
Asthma/mortality , Bronchitis, Chronic/mortality , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/mortality , Pulmonary Emphysema/mortality , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Asthma/diagnosis , Asthma/physiopathology , Bronchitis, Chronic/diagnosis , Bronchitis, Chronic/physiopathology , Cause of Death , Comorbidity , Female , Hospitals, University , Humans , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Lung/physiopathology , Male , Middle Aged , Phenotype , Prevalence , Prognosis , Proportional Hazards Models , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnosis , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology , Pulmonary Emphysema/diagnosis , Pulmonary Emphysema/physiopathology , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Spain/epidemiology , Time FactorsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Most studies on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exclude octogenarian patients. Therefore, the disease is not well characterized in this age group. The objective of this study is to analyze the clinical characteristics of octogenarian patients with COPD and the usefulness of the prognostic indexes used most frequently in this age group. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Retrospective study of consecutive patients seen at a clinic between 2009 and 2017. The following variables were analyzed: lung function parameters, distribution of clinical phenotypes, income history, mortality, comorbidities and usefulness of the Charlson, BODEX, COTE and CODEX indexes to predict mortality. RESULTS: The sample comprised 698 patients, 82 aged (11.7%)≥80 years old. Mean follow-up time was 47.9±21.8 months. In octogenarian patients, the severity of the COPD, assessed by means of the FEV1% or BODEX index, was similar to that of younger patients, but dyspnea was worse in the elderly group. In these patients, the chronic bronchitis and frequent exacerbator phenotypes were the most frequent, whilst the emphysema phenotype was the least common. Octogenarians had a greater prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities and renal diseases. Moreover, hospital admissions were more frequent and mortality was higher in these elderly patients. Most prognostic indexes were useful in predicting mortality in elderly patients. CODEX was the most useful index to predict mortality, both in octogenarian and younger patients. CONCLUSION: Octogenarian patients with COPD have differential characteristics which could imply the need for different therapeutic approaches. Prognostic indexes are useful for predicting mortality in this population.