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Sci Rep ; 9(1): 1502, 2019 02 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30728405

ABSTRACT

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) occurs in up to 40% of individuals co-infected with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and HIV, primarily upon antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. Phenotypic changes in T-cells during TB-IRIS and their relationship with systemic inflammation are not fully understood. In this prospective cohort study, we followed 48 HIV-positive patients with PTB from South India before and after ART initiation, examining T-lymphocyte subsets and inflammatory biomarkers in peripheral blood. Quantification of naïve (CD27+CD45RO-) as well as effector memory CD4+ T cells (CD27-CD45RO+) at weeks 2-6 after ART initiation could distinguish TB-IRIS from non-IRIS individuals. Additional analyses revealed that ART reconstituted different quantities of CD4+ T lymphocyte subsets with preferential expansion of CXCR3+ CCR6- cells in TB-IRIS patients. Moreover, there was an expansion and functional restoration of central memory (CD27+CD45RO+) CXCR3+CCR6- CD4+ lymphocytes and corresponding cytokines, with reduction in CXCR3-CCR6+ cells after ART initiation only in those who developed TB-IRIS. Together, these observations trace a detailed picture of CD4+ T cell subsets tightly associated with IRIS, which may serve as targets for prophylactic and/or therapeutic interventions in the future.


Subject(s)
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology , HIV Infections/immunology , Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome/immunology , Receptors, CCR6/immunology , Receptors, CXCR3/biosynthesis , Receptors, CXCR3/immunology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/immunology , Adult , Aged , Anti-Retroviral Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Retroviral Agents/adverse effects , Anti-Retroviral Agents/immunology , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism , Cohort Studies , Coinfection/immunology , Coinfection/parasitology , Coinfection/virology , Female , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV Infections/parasitology , Humans , Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome/chemically induced , Immunologic Memory/drug effects , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Receptors, CCR6/biosynthesis , Receptors, CCR6/genetics , Receptors, CXCR3/genetics , T-Lymphocyte Subsets/drug effects , T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/virology
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