Cuestionario de Fallos de Memoria de la Vida Cotidiana (MFE). Análisis de factores con población española / Memory failures of Everyday (MFE): Factor Analysis with Spanish population

Uno de los instrumentos más utilizados para valorar los olvidos cotidianos es el Cuestionario de Fallos de Memoria de la Vida Cotidiana (MFE). Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron: a) examinar la estructura factorial del MFE, b) explorar las relaciones de los factores resultantes con el rendimiento objetivo de memoria (Listas de Palabras y Escenas de la Es-cala de Memoria de Wechsler - III), el estado de ánimo y la ansiedad (Escala de Depresión y Ansiedad de Goldberg) y con dos preguntas generales sobre quejas de memoria. Los datos se recogieron de una muestra de 647 adultos jóvenes (19-64 años). Los resultados mostraron la existencia de una estructura de tres factores, que explicaban el 29.3 % de la varianza: Recuerdo de Actividades, Monitorización de la Comunicación y Reconocimiento. Los dos primeros factores mostraron una correlación positiva más alta en-tre ellos y una asociación mayor con el estado de ánimo y las quejas genera-les de memoria. Por el contrario, el factor Reconocimiento presentó una correlación positiva más alta con la edad y negativa con el rendimiento objetivo de memoria

One of the most frequently used instruments to study everyday memory failures is the Memory Failures of Everyday Questionnaire (MFE). The objectives of the present study were: a) to examine the factor structure of the MFE, and b) to explore the relationship of the resulting factors with performance in tests of objective memory (Word Lists and Family Pictures of the Wechsler Memory Scale-III) and mood state (Goldberg Depression and Anxiety Scale), as well as with two general questions about memory complaints. Data were collected from a sample of 647 young adults (19-64 years). Factor analysis revealed three factors which explained 29.3 % of the total variance: Activities Recall, Communication Monitoring, and Recognition. The first two factors showed a higher positive correlation between them and a higher association with mood state and general memory complaints. In contrast, the recognition factor shows positive correlation with age and negative with objective memory performance

Evaluating risk propensity using an objective instrument.

Risk propensity is the stable tendency to choose options with a lower probability of success, but greater rewards. Its evaluation has been approached from various perspectives: from self-report questionnaires to objective tests. Self-report questionnaires have often been criticized due to interference from voluntary and involuntary biases, in addition to their lack of predictive value. Objective tests, on the other hand, require resources that make them difficult to administer to large samples. This paper presents an easy-to-administer, 30-item risk propensity test. Each item is itself an objective test describing a hypothetical situation in which the subject must choose between three options, each with a different gain function but equivalent in expected value. To assess its psychometric fit, the questionnaire was administered to 222 subjects, and we performed a test of its reliability as well as exploratory factor analysis. The results supported a three-factor model of risk (Sports and Gambling, Long-term Plans, and Loss Management). After making the necessary adjustments and incorporating a global factor of risk propensity, confirmatory factor analysis was done, revealing that the data exhibited adequate goodness of fit.

Evaluating risk propensity using an objective instrument

Risk propensity is the stable tendency to choose options with a lower probability of success, but greater rewards. Its evaluation has been approached from various perspectives: from self-report questionnaires to objective tests. Self-report questionnaires have often been criticized due to interference from voluntary and involuntary biases, in addition to their lack of predictive value. Objective tests, on the other hand, require resources that make them difficult to administer to large samples. This paper presents an easy-to-administer, 30-item risk propensity test. Each item is itself an objective test describing a hypothetical situation in which the subject must choose between three options, each with a different gain function but equivalent in expected value. To assess its psychometric fit, the questionnaire was administered to 222 subjects, and we performed a test of its reliability as well as exploratory factor analysis. The results supported a three-factor model of risk (Sports and Gambling, Long-term Plans, and Loss Management). After making the necessary adjustments and incorporating a global factor of risk propensity, confirmatory factor analysis was done, revealing that the data exhibited adequate goodness of fit (AU)

La tendencia al riesgo es una propensión estable a elegir opciones con menores probabilidades de éxito pero mayores recompensas. Su evaluación se ha abordado desde diferentes perspectivas: mediante cuestionarios de autoinforme y pruebas objetivas. El autoinforme ha sido frecuentemente criticado por la interferencia de sesgos voluntarios e involuntarios, y falta de validez predictiva. Las pruebas objetivas requieren recursos que hacen que sean difíciles de aplicar a grandes muestras de sujetos. Este trabajo presenta un test de tendencia al riesgo de treinta ítems de fácil aplicación. Cada ítem es en sí mismo una prueba objetiva que presenta al sujeto una situación hipotética en la que tiene que elegir entre tres opciones, cada una con una función de ganancia diferente pero equivalentes en su esperanza matemática. Para valorar sus bondades psicométricas, se aplicó el cuestionario a 222 sujetos y se realizaron análisis de fiabilidad y de validez factorial exploratorio. Los resultados apoyaron un modelo del riesgo en tres factores (deportes y juegos de azar, planes a largo plazo y prevención de pérdidas). Tras los ajustes necesarios al adoptar este modelo, e incluyendo un factor global de tendencia al riesgo, un análisis factorial confirmatorio mostró que los datos presentaban un ajuste adecuado (AU)

Differences and similarities among volunteers who drop out during the first year and volunteers who continue after eight years.

Differences and similarities between 130 volunteers who remain for more than eight years in the same non-profit organization and 110 volunteers who quit during the first year were analyzed in this paper. Both groups were chosen from a sample of 851 volunteers that were working as volunteers when we assessed the independent variables (Time 1). After a 12-month follow-up (Time 2), 209 (25%) of them had dropped out and 642 (75%) continued in the same organization. Using the previous time, we formed two groups made up of those who dropped out and had been in the organization less than a year and those who continued and had been in the organization more than 8 years. Results show that differences and similarities between both groups are coherent with the three-stage model of volunteer's duration (Chacón, Vecina, & Dávila, 2007). This model includes the functional approach of volunteers' motivations (Clary & Snyder, 1991), and the role identity approach (Callero, 1985), and indicates that people will remain as volunteers insofar as this satisfies the motivations that are relevant for them at the first stage, they develop organizational commitment at the second stage, and they develop role identity as volunteers at the third stage. More specifically, results show that it is possible to predict 85% of the cases correctly using seven variables. Volunteers who remain after eight years feel a higher level of emotional exhaustion, a higher level of organizational commitment, and a strong role identity as volunteers. They are also highly satisfied with the friendships in the organization and have a stronger intention to remain at the long-term (2 years).

Differences and similarities among volunteers who drop out during the first year and volunteers who continue after eight years

Differences and similarities between 130 volunteers who remain for more than eight years in the same non-profit organization and 110 volunteers who quit during the first year were analyzed in this paper. Both groups were chosen from a sample of 851 volunteers that were working as volunteers when we assessed the independent variables (Time 1). After a 12-month follow-up (Time 2), 209 (25%) of them had dropped out and 642 (75%) continued in the same organization. Using the previous time, we formed two groups made up of those who dropped out and had been in the organization less than a year and those who continued and had been in the organization more than 8 years. Results show that differences and similarities between both groups are coherent with the three-stage model of volunteer’s duration (Chacón, Vecina, & Dávila, 2007). This model includes the functional approach of volunteers’ motivations (Clary & Snyder, 1991), and the role identity approach (Callero, 1985), and indicates that people will remain as volunteers insofar as this satisfies the motivations that are relevant for them at the first stage, they develop organizational commitment at the second stage, and they develop role identity as volunteers at the third stage. More specifically, results show that it is possible to predict 85% of the cases correctly using seven variables. Volunteers who remain after eight years feel a higher level of emotional exhaustion, a higher level of organizational commitment, and a strong role identity as volunteers. They are also highly satisfied with the friendships in the organization and have a stronger intention to remain at the long term (2 years) (AU)

En este trabajo se analizan las diferencias y semejanzas entre dos grupos extremos de voluntarios, uno compuesto por 110 voluntarios que abandonan antes del primer año y otro compuesto por 130 voluntarios que continúan después de ocho. Estos dos grupos fueron seleccionados de una muestra total de 851 voluntarios, que, en el momento en el que se tomaron las medidas de las variables independientes (T1), estaban en activo y que, doce meses más tarde, cuando se midió la variable dependiente tiempo de permanencia (T2), resultó que habían abandonado 209 (25%) y que continuaban con su trabajo voluntarios en la misma organización 642 (75%). Puesto que en todos los casos se midió en el momento inicial (T1) el tiempo previo, se aplicaron dos criterios de selección para configurar los grupos, uno relativo al tiempo previo (menor a un año o mayor de 8 años) y otro relativo a la permanencia (abandona o sigue). Los resultados muestran una pauta de diferencias y semejanzas coherente con los supuestos del Modelo de las tres etapas de la permanencia del voluntariado (Chacón, Vecina y Dávila, 2007), que integra las dos principales líneas de investigación sobre la permanencia del voluntariado, la teoría funcional de las motivaciones (Clary y Snyder, 1991) y la basada en la identidad de rol (Callero, 1985), y que establece como variables explicativas fundamentales en la primera etapa la satisfacción, en la segunda el compromiso con la organización y en la tercera la identidad de rol. Más concretamente los resultados muestran que a través de siete variables es posible predecir correctamente la pertenencia a uno de los dos grupos en un 85% de los casos. Los voluntarios permanentes presentan niveles mayores de cansancio emocional, de compromiso organizacional y de identidad de rol como voluntarios. También parecen estar más satisfechos con las relaciones de amistad en la organización y tienen mayor intención de permanecer a largo plazo (dos años) (AU)

Satisfacción en el voluntariado: estructura interna y relación con la permanencia en las organizaciones / Volunteer satisfaction: Internal structure and relationship with permanence in organizations

La satisfacción es un concepto considerado teóricamente relevante por casi todos los estudios que han investigado los factores de los que depende la permanencia del voluntariado. Sin embargo, los resultados empíricos sobre el tipo de influencia que ejerce no son concluyentes, en parte, suponemos que debido a la gran diversidad en las formas de entender y medir el concepto. El objetivo de este trabajo se centra, por tanto, en analizar su estructura interna y en comprobar su relación con la permanencia del voluntariado en las organizaciones. Los resultados del análisis factorial de componentes principales y rotación oblicua muestran factible una estructura compuesta por tres factores (satisfacción con la gestión de la organización, satisfacción con las tareas realizadas y satisfacción de las motivaciones). Las tres dimensiones de la satisfacción diferencian entre quienes continúan en la organización, tras 12 meses de seguimiento del tiempo de permanencia, y quienes abandonan. Finalmente, los resultados del modelo de ecuaciones estructurales muestran que la relación entre el constructo satisfacción y el tiempo de permanencia durante el seguimiento está mediada por la intención de permanencia (AU)

The concept of satisfaction is considered theoretically relevant in practically all the studies that have investigated the factors that influence the permanence of volunteer participation in organizations. However, the practical results are not conclusive, perhaps due to the wide range of ways in which the concept is understood and measured. The object of this study is: to analyse the internal structure of satisfaction and to verify its relationship with volunteer duration in organizations. The results of the factor analysis yield a three-factor structure: Satisfaction with the management of the organization, Satisfaction with the tasks, Satisfaction of motivations. The three factors allow us to differentiate between individuals who remain in the organization for a period of 12 consecutive months, and those who leave earlier. The results of structural equation model analysis show that the relationship between satisfaction and the length of time that volunteers stay with the organization is affected by the intention to remain (AU)

[Volunteer satisfaction: Internal structure and relationship with permanence in organizations]. / Satisfacción en el voluntariado: estructura interna y relación con la permanencia en las organizaciones.

Volunteer satisfaction: Internal structure and relationship with permanence in organizations. The concept of satisfaction is considered theoretically relevant in practically all the studies that have investigated the factors that influence the permanence of volunteer participation in organizations. However, the practical results are not conclusive, perhaps due to the wide range of ways in which the concept is understood and measured. The object of this study is: to analyse the internal structure of satisfaction and to verify its relationship with volunteer duration in organizations. The results of the factor analysis yield a three-factor structure: Satisfaction with the management of the organization, Satisfaction with the tasks, Satisfaction of motivations. The three factors allow us to differentiate between individuals who remain in the organization for a period of 12 consecutive months, and those who leave earlier. The results of structural equation model analysis show that the relationship between satisfaction and the length of time that volunteers stay with the organization is affected by the intention to remain.