ABSTRACT
Precise fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) for pancreatic cancer has the potential to greatly improve the outcome in this recalcitrant disease. To achieve this goal, we have used genetic reporters to color code cancer and stroma cells in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model. The telomerase-dependent green fluorescent protein (GFP)-containing adenovirus OBP-401 was used to label the cancer cells of a pancreatic cancer PDOX. The PDOX was previously grown in a red fluorescent protein (RFP) transgenic mouse that stably labeled the PDOX stroma cells bright red. The color-coded PDOX model enabled FGS to completely resect the pancreatic tumors including stroma. Dual-colored FGS significantly prevented local recurrence, which bright-light surgery or single-color FGS could not. FGS, with color-coded cancer and stroma cells has important potential for improving the outcome of recalcitrant-cancer surgery.
Subject(s)
Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/prevention & control , Pancreatic Neoplasms/surgery , Surgery, Computer-Assisted , Animals , Genes, Reporter , Green Fluorescent Proteins/biosynthesis , Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics , Luminescent Proteins/biosynthesis , Luminescent Proteins/genetics , Mice, Nude , Mice, Transgenic , Neoplasm Transplantation , Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism , Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology , Red Fluorescent ProteinABSTRACT
We examined the time course of the apparent motion and displacement of the oculogyral illusion (OGI) after cessation of constant rotation (72 deg/s) as a vestibular stimulation. Subjects scaled the apparent motion of a target presented on the objective midline for 120 s after vestibular stimulation (Experiment 1) and the apparent displacement of the same target from the subjective midline (Experiment 2). The magnitude of apparent motion simply decreased from the maximum value as a function of time. In contrast, the magnitude of displacement was nearly zero, or localized near the subjective midline, immediately after the vestibular stimulation. Then, it increased rapidly in the direction of the acceleration, and decreased gradually moreover after 20 to 30 s. These findings suggest that the apparent motion and displacement in OGI could be controlled by different mechanisms, which have different response characteristics to the same vestibular stimulation.