How Age and Life Stage of Relocation Fosters Social Belonging: Comparing Two Groups of Older Migrants in the United States.

OBJECTIVES: The presumed "ossification effect" of the past on older generations remains influential in the scholarship on aging and migration, orienting scholars to highlight the vulnerability of senior migrants in new societies. As a result, the ability of older generations to adapt to receiving societies has been underestimated and largely undifferentiated, and little is known about how age and life stage at arrival matter for how older individuals manage later-life transitions across borders. METHODS: This article compares 2 groups of Han Chinese senior migrants: recent arrivals (who migrated to the United States later in life) and long-term residents (who migrated to the United States during adulthood). We draw on 112 qualitative interviews and 4 years of ethnographic observation in 2 northeastern cities in the United States. RESULTS: We argue that the life stage at arrival, coupled with class (dis)advantages, are central to analyzing the diverse ways older migrants stake claims to their belonging to American society. We offer the concept of "economies of belonging" to delineate the ways recent arrivals and long-term migrants anchor themselves socially and emotionally in the United States. DISCUSSION: Through examining the social relationships and state-provided resources that recent arrivals and long-term migrants use to cultivate social belonging and justify their social membership in American society, our analysis reveals that both groups of older migrants have preconceived American dreams before they emigrate, but their age at arrival offers differential opportunities to fulfill those dreams and influences how a sense of belonging unfolds later in life.

The coupling coordination and spatiotemporal evolution of industrial water-energy-CO2 in the Yellow River Basin.

The Yellow River Basin (YRB) is an important energy, chemical, raw material, and basic industrial base in China. With economic growth, water and energy consumption in industrial industries increasing dramatically, huge pressure for CO2 emission reduction has generated. This paper constructed an industrial water-energy-CO2 (WEC) evaluation index system, analyzed the comprehensive evaluation level, coupling status and coupling coordination status, by using the comprehensive evaluation method, coupling degree model and coupling coordination degree model and used the spatial autocorrelation analysis to study the spatiotemporal evolution from 1999 to 2019 in the YRB. The results demonstrated that the integrated development level of the basin's industrial WEC system and subsystems had been improving. The basin was at a high coupling and the level of coupling had been increasing as a whole, and the industrial energy-CO2 coupling degree was bigger than the industrial water-energy and industrial water-CO2 coupling degrees in the YRB. The coupling coordination status had transitioned from forced coordination to good coordination. Spatially, the coupling coordination didn't appear a significant correlation and showed a random distribution. Accordingly, the suggestions were made to improve the level of industrial development in the basin, strengthen integrated resource management, and enhance intra-basin cooperation.

Ecological security evaluation and early warning in the water source area of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project.

Ecological security has important influence on regional sustainable development. The ecological security of Nanyang, the water source area of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project, was threatened because of surface water pollution. The existing studies had not been able to comprehensively assess the ecological security and future trend of water source area. In order to promote the high-quality development of the follow-up projects of the South-to-North Water Diversion project, it is very important to probe into the current situation and predict the future trend of ecological security in the water source area. Therefore, this paper constructed an ecological security evaluation index system based on the Driving force, Pressure, State, Impact and Response (DPSIR) model, used the combination of Analytic Hierarchy Process and- entropy weighting method to evaluate the ecological security of each district and county in Nanyang from 2000 to 2020, and used the auto regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model to predict the ecological security of the water source area from 2021 to 2030. The results demonstrated that: (1) The ecological security of Nanyang had changed from a moderate warning to a general safety, and the ecological security index had improved. The ecological security level of Nanyang would improve continuously from 2021 to 2030. (2) The northwest area and the central area of Nanyang had better ecological security states, while the southeast area wasn't so. Based on the results, the countermeasures for improving ecological security were proposed.

A Cavity-Tailored Metal-Organic Tetrahedral Nanocage and Gas Adsorption Property.

Porous organometallic nanomaterials are a new class of materials based on a three-dimensional structure. They have excellent applications in different fields, but their applications in gas storage and separation have not been fully developed. CO2 adsorption storage and hydrocarbon separation has been a challenging industrial problem. Several typical molecular adsorbents have been used to study the separation, but the problems of long-term stability, high selectivity and synthetic complexity of these adsorbents remain to be solved. Here, we have designed and synthesized tetrahedral metal supramolecular nanocage with custom cavities based on the unique rigid structure of triptycene derivatives. Using the unique discrete porous structure of tetrahedral metal nanocages, the gas adsorption and separation performance of the metal supramolecular nanocage was investigated. By analyzing the adsorption and desorption isotherms and the multi-component competitive adsorption curves, we noticed that the tetrahedral supramolecular nanocages had good CO2 storage capacity and good separation capacity for C2H2/CO2 and C2H2/N2. All these indicate that porous organic metal nanomaterials are expected to be a new energy saving separation material.

Assessing the Public Health Economic Loss from PM2.5 Pollution in '2 + 26' Cities.

Due to the fast growth of China's economy, urban atmospheric pollution has become a serious problem affecting the public's physical and mental health. The '2 + 26' cities, as the Jing-Jin-Ji atmospheric pollution transmission channel, has attracted widespread concern. There were several previous studies on the economic loss of public health caused by PM2.5 pollution in '2 + 26' cities. To assess the economic loss caused by PM2.5 on human health in '2 + 26' cities, this paper used the exposure-response model, the health effect loss model and willingness to pay method to obtain the economic loss from PM2.5 pollution with the latest available data in 2020. It was concluded that, in 2020, the economic loss of '2 + 26' cities from PM2.5 was spatially distributed low in the east and high in the west. In addition, it was larger in the southern and northern part, which was smaller in the middle of the region. Based on the conclusions, policy recommendations were put forward.

Impact assessment on the economy, society, resource, and environment in the water-receiving cities of the Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Diversion.

The Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Diversion (MRPSNWD) is a major strategic project to alleviate the serious shortage of water resources in northern China, and it benefited 14 large- and medium-sized cities in Henan, Hebei, Beijing, and Tianjin. Most of the predecessors used qualitative analysis to study the impact of the MRPSNWD on the water-receiving cities (WRCs), and they only considered one aspect of economy, society, resources, and environment, which could not fully reflect the impact of the MRPSNWD on the water-receiving cities. Therefore, based on the data of economic and social resources and environment of the water-receiving cities in the MRPSNWD from 2010 to 2019, an evaluation model based on entropy weight-analytic hierarchy process (AHP) fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was constructed to account for the impacts on the economy-society-resources-environment of the water-receiving cities after the operation of the MRPSNWD and scientifically evaluated the comprehensive benefits of the MRPSNWD. The evaluation results revealed that the economic and environmental impacts of the MRPSNWD on the water-receiving cities were more obvious than those on society and resources. As far as water-receiving cities were concerned, the impact of the Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Diversion on Zhengzhou, Shijiazhuang, Tianjin, and Beijing was generally higher than that of other cities. As far as the Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Diversion was concerned, its overall impact on water-receiving cities was relatively slow.

Microwave-assisted iron oxide process for efficient removal of tetracycline.

Excess tetracycline produced by livestock and poultry breeding industry not only pollute the environment, but also enter the human body with the spread of the food chain, which will produce drug-resistant genes and threaten human health. In this paper, the adsoption of tetracycline from wastewater using iron oxide under microwave oxidation condition was explored. The effect of initial pollutant concentrations, the dosage of iron oxide, pH value, and temperature on the hybrid treatment process was investigated. Under the normal iron oxide and microwave oxidation conditions, when the dosage of iron oxide was 40 g/L and 30 g/L, pH was 10 and the temperature was 318 K, the removal rate of tetracycline was significantly improved. The adsorption of tetracycline by iron oxide under the two conditions conformed to the Freundlich isotherm model and pseudo-second-order dynamics model. In addition, the associated adsorption mechanism was unveiled. Under the microwave oxidation condition, the hot spot effect generated by the microwave oxidation effect would rapidly increase its surface temperature to form the active center and the electrostatic gravity to promote the reaction. The results indicated that microwave oxidation could promote the removal of antibiotics by iron oxide in livestock and poultry breeding wastewater.

Seeking transnational social protection during a global pandemic: The case of Chinese immigrants in the United States.

Drawing on in-depth interviews with Chinese immigrants in the U.S. during the COVID-19 pandemic, this article examines the construction of immigrants' transnational social safety net and its gaps as the pandemic struck their home and host societies successively. Building upon the scholarship on transnational migration and transnational social protection, we argue that understanding how immigrants manage moments of crisis requires a cross-border optic. As we show, transnational connections can be translated into valuable material and immaterial resources. However, such protections are contingent upon the reception of their local receiving communities. The perceived hierarchy between the sending and receiving society, coupled with the U.S.' lack of experience with infectious disease outbreaks, limits the extent to which immigrants could put their transnational knowledge and resources to use. Our analyses shed new light upon the circumstances that empower and constrain immigrants as the global pandemic unsettles their daily routines.

Significant lung injury and its prognostic significance in acute liver failure: A cohort analysis.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Respiratory failure complicating acute liver failure (ALF) may preclude liver transplantation (LT). We evaluated the association between significant lung injury (SLI) and important clinical outcomes. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of 947 ALF patients with chest radiograph (CXR) and arterial blood gas (ABG) data enrolled in the US Acute Liver Failure Study Group (US-ALFSG) from January 1998 to December 2016. SLI was defined by moderate hypoxaemia (Berlin classification; PaO2 /FiO2  < 200 mm Hg) and abnormalities on CXR. Primary outcomes were 21-day transplant-free survival (TFS) and overall survival. RESULTS: Of 947 ALF patients, 370 (39%) had evidence of SLI. ALF patients with SLI (ALF-SLI) had significantly worse oxygenation than controls on admission (median PF ratio 120 vs 300 mm Hg, P < .0001) and higher lactate (6.1 vs 4.6 mmol/l, P = .0008). ALF-SLI patients had higher rates of tracheal (19% vs 14%) and bloodstream (17% vs 11%, P < .005 for both) infections and were more likely to receive transfusions (red cells 55% vs 43%; FFP 74% vs 66%; P < .009 for both). ALF-SLI patients were less likely to receive LT (18% vs 25%, P = .02) and had significantly decreased 21-day TFS (34% vs 42%) and overall survival (49% vs 64%, P < .007 for both). After adjusting for significant covariates (INR, bilirubin, acetaminophen aetiology), the development of SLI was independently associated with decreased 21-day TFS (OR 0.71, P = .03) in ALF patients (C-index 0.78). The incorporation of SLI improved discriminatory ability of the King's College Criteria (P = .0061) but not the ALFSG prognostic index (P = .34). CONCLUSION: Significant lung injury is a common complication in ALF patients that adversely affects patient outcomes.

Modification of 13X Molecular Sieve by Chitosan for Adsorptive Removal of Cadmium from Simulated Wastewater.

Chitosan was used to modify a 13X molecular sieve to improve its cadmium removal capability. After being modified with 2% chitosan-acetate for 2 h at 30 °C, significant uptake of Cd2+ could be achieved. The uptake of Cd2+ on the modified 13X molecular sieve followed the Langmuir isotherms with a capacity of 1 mg/g. The kinetics of Cd2+ removal by modified 13X molecular sieve followed a pseudo second-order reaction, suggesting chemisorption or surface complexation. The Cd2+ removal with a sorbent dose of 2 g/L from an initial concentration of 100 µg/L reached more than 95% in 90 min. The equilibrium Cd2+ concentration was <5 µg/L, which meets the requirements of "Standards for Irrigation Water Quality" (GB5084-2005) (10 µg/L) and MCL and MCLG for groundwater and drinking water (5 µg/L) set by United States Environmental Protection Agency.

Extending surfactant-modified 2:1 clay minerals for the uptake and removal of diclofenac from water.

The presence and persistency of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the environment attracted great attention recently. Among them, antibiotics and pain-killers accounted for a large quantity. Although many works were devoted to the investigation of their removal in wastewater treatment processes, most of the PPCPs studied were of cationic nature. The net repulsive interactions between anionic PPCPs and negatively charged sorbents make them difficult to be removed in wastewater treatment. In this study, 2:1 clay minerals illite and montmorillonite (MMT) were modified with different amounts of cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammoium bromide (CTAB). The types and sites of interactions between the surfactant-modified clays and the anionic drug diclofenac (DC) were investigated. The uptake of DC on the modified clays was controlled by the CTAB loading level and its surface configuration on the clays. The adsorption sites of DC were limited to the external surfaces of modified illite due to its non-swelling nature. On the contrary, both the external and interlayer sites were available for the adsorption of DC on modified MMT. A CTAB bilayer formation resulted in significant increase in DC adsorption due to the formation of extensive admicelles. FTIR results showed participation of the benzene ring, NH, and CH2CH3 for the interactions between DC and modified MMT, suggesting that partitioning of DC into the admicelles of CTAB played a significant role in DC uptake. The results could extend the application of surfactant-modified clays for the removal of anionic PPCPs in the wastewater treatment processes.

Sorption and retention of diclofenac on zeolite in the presence of cationic surfactant.

Diclofenac (DC) is one of the most widely prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and one of the commonly found pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments and wastewater treatment plants. It possesses negative charges when solution pH is greater than its pKa value, while most of the soil components and sediment minerals bear negative charges, too, resulting in a net repulsion between the soil minerals and DC. Surfactant-modified zeolite (SMZ) has been studied extensively over the last 20 years for its effective removal of anionic contaminants tested under different experimental scales. However, its application for the removal of anionic drugs, such as DC, was less reported. This study focused on the sorption of DC by SMZ under different physic-chemical conditions, supplemented with instrumental analyses, in order to elucidate the mechanism of DC sorption by SMZ and to expand the SMZ application further. The results showed that the retention of DC was on the external surfaces of SMZ with extremely fast removal rate. Both anion exchange and partitioning of DC into the adsorbed surfactant micelles (admicelles) were responsible for the extended DC sorption. Interactions of DC with SMZ were facilitated with the benzene ring, the CO, and the CH2CH3 functional groups.

Ischemic bowel as a late sequela of abdominal compartment syndrome secondary to severe burn injury.

Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is a known complication of the large-volume resuscitation that burn patients receive. Bowel ischemia has been theorized to occur in ACS but has yet to be described in the literature. The authors report an occurrence of late bowel obstruction related to ACS-associated bowel ischemia in a burn patient. A four-year-old previously well girl sustained 70% total body surface area burns with inhalation injury. The areas injured were the anterior neck, circumferential torso from neck to waist, left arm, left thigh and two-thirds of her right thigh. Fluid resuscitation was initially administered using the modified Parkland formula. Her transfer to the regional burn unit from a local hospital was complicated by early septic shock from a line infection, which increased her resuscitation fluid requirements. Infection ultimately led to multiple instances of ACS. Intervention with percutaneous drainage led to immediate improvement; however, the episodes of ACS resulted in a late small bowel obstruction secondary to stricture, requiring a laparotomy and bowel resection.

Le syndrome du compartiment abdominal (SCA) est une complication connue du volume liquidien important que reçoivent les patients brûlés pendant la réanimation. Théoriquement, l'ischémie intestinale est liée au SCA, mais elle n'a jamais été décrite dans des publications scientifiques. Les auteurs présentent un cas d'obstruction intestinale tardive liée à une ischémie intestinale associée à un SCA chez une patiente brûlée.Une fillette de quatre ans auparavant en santé a subi des brûlures sur 70 % de la surface totale de son corps, de même que des brûlures par inhalation. Elle était brûlée sur la partie antérieure du cou, la circonférence du torse entre le cou et la taille, le bras gauche, la cuisse gauche et les deux tiers de la cuisse droite. La réanimation liquidienne a d'abord été administrée selon la formule de Parkland modifiée. Le transfert de la patiente d'un hôpital local à l'unité régionale des brûlés a été compliqué par un choc septique précoce causé par une infection liée à un cathéter, ce qui a accru la réanimation liquidienne. L'infection a provoqué de multiples SCA. Un drain percutané a favorisé une amélioration clinique immédiate de la patiente, mais les épisodes de SCA ont entraîné une obstruction tardive de l'intestin grêle attribuable à un rétrécissement, laquelle a exigé une laparotomie et une résection intestinale.

Microfluidic platform for the evaluation of multi-glycan expressions on living cells using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and optical microscope.

A microfluidic platform to evaluate the expression of multi-glycans on a cell surface was developed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and optical microscope technique. In the microfluidic channel, four indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes were modified with three lectins and one passivation agent, respectively, to selectively recognize the corresponding carbohydrate epitopes on the cell surface. The binding of the cells on the electrode array was monitored by the electrochemical impedance to evaluate the expression of cell surface glycans. The excellent optical transparency of ITO electrode permitted the microscopic observation of the cell binding simultaneously to substantiate the impedance measurement. Compared with the individual technology, the double-check mode increased the sensitivity and accuracy of the assay. The experimental results using these two techniques indicated that the cell binding ability decreased in the order WGA > Con A > PNA, which was consistent with the expression difference of carbohydrate epitopes on K562 cell surface. The proposed strategy was further used for facile evaluating the variations of glycan expression on living cells in response to drugs. The consumption of cell sample for each sensing interface in the whole experiments is merely 5 × 10(3) cells. This platform offers great promise for cancer-associated glycol-biomarkers screening and further helps cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Degradation of organic matter from domestic wastewater with loofah sponge biofilm reactor.

A laboratory-scale oxic biofilm reactor using loofah sponge as support material was carried out to study its start-up characteristics and the optimum operation parameters in removing organic matter and nitrogen from domestic wastewater. It took no more than 10 days to complete microbiological cultivation and acclimation, indicating that the natural loofah sponge was a superior support material compared with some conventional ones. The influence parameter experiments showed that the hydraulic retention time (HRT) had a significant influence on the COD and NH(3)-N removal efficiencies, the average COD and NH(3)-N removal efficiencies were 83.7 and 96.9% respectively when the temperature was 25 ± 2 °C, the influent flow rate was 0.21 L/h and the HRT was 7.5 h. The loofah sponge biofilm system had a strong tolerance to organic shock loading in the present experiment. Additionally, it was found that domestic wastewater could be preferably treated with 88.9% of COD and 98.7% of NH(3)-N removal efficiencies with the corresponding influent concentrations of 260.0 and 26.8 mg/L, respectively. The observations obtained in the present study indicated that the loofah sponge was an excellent natural support material, potentially feasible for the present system for the treatment of the decentralized domestic wastewater.