ABSTRACT
Mine fires caused by spontaneous coal combustion are major disasters in coal mines. The staged oxidation kinetic parameters of various coal samples at oxygen concentrations of 21 %, 15 %, 10 %, 5 %, and 3 % were analyzed using a programmed temperature testing system. Herein, the temperature increase rate of coal, the temperature difference between the furnace and coal, and the oxygen consumption characteristics were obtained. Based on the amount of CO produced and the temperature sensitivity coefficient, three characteristic temperatures and four stages of low-temperature oxidation (LTO) were identified. The results showed that at a critical temperature (TC), the amount of CO gas released from the coal samples increased with increasing oxygen concentration, and the difference in the oxygen consumption rate increased. After the limit temperature (Tu), the amount of CO gas increased steadily, and the increase in the oxygen consumption rate stagnated. CO production, the maximum heating rate, and the maximum heat release rate were positively correlated with the oxygen concentration. As the oxygen concentration increased, the activation energy during the oxygen absorption stage gradually decreased. The average reaction enthalpy (ΔH) of pre-oxidized water-immersed coal was 19.37 kJ/kg greater than that of raw coal. The equation for the conservation of energy of the coal oxidation warming process was normalized. The theoretical values of the awakening stage and the stable stage were τν and τν (1-B), respectively. When B was >1, pre-oxidized water-immersed coal at a low oxygen concentration was prone to crossover points during the oxygen absorption stage, which increased the risk of coal spontaneous combustion (CSC). The research results could provide a theoretical basis for the staged control of the spontaneous combustion of water-immersed coal in goaf areas.
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Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a complex phenomenon. Although researchers have long been aware of IRI, its complex signaling events and potential therapeutic targets are still an active research area. The role of reactive oxygen species in IRI has garnered great interest among scientists. Recent studies have found that reactive oxygen species produced by IRI can activate redox-sensitive transient receptor potential channels (redox TRPs). The discovery of redox TRPs provides a new perspective for understanding the mechanism of IRI.
Subject(s)
Oxidation-Reduction , Reactive Oxygen Species , Reperfusion Injury , Transient Receptor Potential Channels , Reperfusion Injury/metabolism , Humans , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Animals , Transient Receptor Potential Channels/metabolism , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
Rationale: Vascular calcification (VC) is a life-threatening complication in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) caused mainly by hyperphosphatemia. However, the regulation of VC remains unclear despite extensive research. Although serum- and glucocorticoid-induced kinase 3 (SGK3) regulate the sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporters in the intestine and kidney, its effect on VC in CKD remains unknown. Additionally, type III sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter-1 (Pit-1) plays a significant role in VC development induced by high phosphate in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, it remains unclear whether SGK3 regulates Pit-1 and how exactly SGK3 promotes VC in CKD via Pit-1 at the molecular level. Thus, we investigated the role of SGK3 in the certified outflow vein of arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) and aortas of uremic mice. Methods and Results: In our study, using uremic mice, we observed a significant upregulation of SGK3 and calcium deposition in certified outflow veins of the AVF and aortas, and the increase expression of SGK3 was positively correlated with calcium deposition in uremic aortas. In vitro, the downregulation of SGK3 reversed VSMCs calcification and phenotype switching induced by high phosphate. Mechanistically, SGK3 activation enhanced the mRNA transcription of Pit-1 through NF-κB, downregulated the ubiquitin-proteasome mediated degradation of Pit-1 via inhibiting the activity of neural precursor cells expressing developmentally downregulated protein 4 subtype 2 (Nedd4-2), an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Moreover, under high phosphate stimulation, the enhanced phosphate uptake induced by SGK3 activation was independent of the increased protein expression of Pit-1. Our co-immunoprecipitation and in vitro kinase assays confirmed that SGK3 interacts with Pit-1 through Thr468 in loop7, leading to enhanced phosphate uptake. Conclusion: Thus, it is justifiable to conclude that SGK3 promotes VC in CKD by enhancing the expression and activities of Pit-1, which indicate that SGK3 could be a therapeutic target for VC in CKD.
Subject(s)
Neural Stem Cells , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Vascular Calcification , Animals , Humans , Mice , Calcium/metabolism , Glucocorticoids , Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism , Neural Stem Cells/metabolism , Phosphates/adverse effects , Phosphates/metabolism , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism , Sodium/metabolism , Transcription Factors/metabolism , Vascular Calcification/metabolismABSTRACT
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is the most common cause for acute liver failure in the USA and Europe. However, most of DILI cases can recover or be prevented if treatment by the offending drug is discontinued. Recent research indicates that peroxynitrite (ONOO-) can be a potential indicator to diagnose DILI at an early stage. Therefore, the establishment of an assay to detect and track ONOO- in DILI cases is urgently needed. Here, a FRET-based ratiometric nano fluorescent probe CD-N-I was developed to detect ONOO- with high selectivity and excellent sensitivity. This probe consists of carbon dots and a naphthalimide-isatin peroxynitrite sensing system assembled based on electrostatic interactions. Using CD-N-I we were able to detect exogenous ONOO- in live cells and endogenous ONOO- in APAP-induced liver injury of HepG2 cells.
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Objective: The primary aim of this study was to examine the extent of nutritional awareness concerning dietary requisites within a cohort comprising pediatric recipients of liver and kidney transplants, along with their respective caregivers. The overarching goal was to establish a foundation for enhancing the dietary nutrition of this specific population. Methods: This was a qualitative research study, involving in-depth interviews and subsequent qualitative data analysis. Our sample included pediatric patients in a specific age range who had undergone a liver or kidney transplant, as well as their parents. The data analysis technique we used was content analysis. Results: The survey focused on knowledge of dietary requirements and restrictions, nutritional needs, and adherence to daily dietary requirements among pediatric patients and their respective caregivers. Approximately 30% of the parents lacked relevant nutritional awareness, 30% relied on a single source for acquiring nutritional knowledge, and 40% expressed a considerable need for nutritional guidance. Our findings revealed a deficiency in the understanding of nutritional and dietary requirements for children who have undergone a liver or kidney transplant. Their nutrient intake was unbalanced, and their dietary habits were irregular, highlighting the need for better nutritional guidance and monitoring. Conclusion: The nutritional awareness and knowledge of dietary requirements among pediatric liver and kidney transplant recipients and their care providers are inadequate. Medical professionals are urged to tackle this concern by imparting comprehensive education to parents regarding the nutritional prerequisites essential for their children post-transplant. This approach empowers parents to implement requisite dietary modifications effectively. Furthermore, healthcare institutions should augment the nutritional proficiency of their medical staff through meticulously structured training initiatives.
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OBJECTIVE: In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of enzymolysis fermentation of Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) on egg production performance, egg quality, lipid metabolism, serum reproductive hormone levels, and the mRNA expression of the ovarian hormone receptor of laying hens in the late-laying stage. METHODS: A total of 360 Hy-Line Brown laying hens (age, 390 days) were randomly categorized into four groups. Hens in the control (C) group were fed a basic diet devoid of CHMs, the crushed CHM (CT), fermented CHM (FC), and enzymatically fermented CHM (EFT) groups received diets containing 2% crushed CHM, 2% fermented CHM, and 2% enzymatically fermented CHM, respectively. RESULTS: Compared with crushed CHM, the acid detergent fiber, total flavonoids, and total saponins contents of fermented CHM showed improvement (p<0.05); furthermore, the neutral and acid detergent fiber, total flavonoids, and total saponins contents of enzymatically fermented CHM improved (p<0.05). At 5 to 8 weeks, hens in the FC and EFT groups showed increased laying rates, haugh unit, albumin height, yolk color, shell thickness, and shell strength compared with those in the C group (p<0.05). Compared with the FC group, the laying rate, albumin height, and Shell thickness in the EFT group was increased (p<0.05). Compared with the C, CT, and FC groups, the EFT group showed reduced serum total cholesterol and increased serum luteinizing hormone levels and mRNA expressions of follicle stimulating hormone receptor and luteinizing hormone receptor (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: These results indicated that the ETF group improved the laying rate and egg quality and regulated the lipid metabolism in aged hens. The mechanism underlying this effect was likely related to cell wall degradation of CHM and increased serum levels of luteinizing hormone and mRNA expression of the ovarian hormone receptor.
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Logic gate-based fluorescent probes are powerful tools for the discriminative sensing of multiple signaling molecules that are expressed in concert during the progression of many diseases such as inflammation, cancer, aging, and other disorders. To achieve logical sensing, multiple functional groups are introduced to the different substitution sites of a single fluorescent dye, which increases the complexity of chemical synthesis. Herein, we report a simple strategy that incorporates just one responsive unit into a hemicyanine dye achieving the logic gate-based sensing of two independent analytes. We introduce boronic acid to hemicyanine to quench the fluorescence, and in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the fluorescence is recovered due to removal of the boronate. Interestingly, the subsequent decrease in pH turned the red fluorescence of hemicyanine to green emissive because of protonation of the phenolic alcohol. This unique feature of the probe enables us to construct "INHIBIT" and "AND" logical gates for the accurate measuring of intracellular H2O2 and acidic pH in tandem. This study offers insight into the simple construction of logic-gate based fluorescent probes for the tandem sensing of multiple analytes that are correlatively produced during disease progression.
Subject(s)
Fluorescent Dyes , Hydrogen Peroxide , Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry , Carbocyanines/chemistry , Hydrogen-Ion ConcentrationABSTRACT
Calcium (Ca2+) plays a critical role in podocyte function. The Ca2+-sensitive receptors on the cell surface can sense changes in Ca2+ concentration, and Ca2+ flow into podocytes, after activation of Ca2+ channels (such as transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels and N-type calcium channels) by different stimuli. In addition, the type 2 ryanodine receptor (RyR2) and the voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) on mitochondrial store-operated calcium channels (SOCs) on the endoplasmic reticulum maintain the Ca2+ homeostasis of the organelle. Ca2+ signaling is transmitted through multiple downstream signaling pathways and participates in the morphogenesis, structural maintenance, and survival of podocytes. When Ca2+ is dysregulated, it leads to the occurrence and progression of various diseases, such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, diabetic kidney disease, lupus nephritis, transplant glomerulopathy, and hypertensive renal injury. Ca2+ signaling is a promising therapeutic target for podocyte-related diseases. This review first summarizes the role of Ca2+ sensing, Ca2+ channels, and different Ca2+-signaling pathways in the biological functions of podocytes, then, explores the status of Ca2+ signaling in different podocyte-related diseases and its advances as a therapeutic target.
Subject(s)
Diabetic Nephropathies , Podocytes , Humans , Podocytes/metabolism , Podocytes/pathology , Calcium Signaling , TRPC6 Cation Channel/metabolism , Calcium/metabolism , Diabetic Nephropathies/metabolismABSTRACT
SLIT ligand and its receptor ROBO were initially recognized for their role in axon guidance in central nervous system development. In recent years, as research has advanced, the role of the SLIT-ROBO signaling pathway has gradually expanded from axonal repulsion to cell migration, tumor development, angiogenesis, and bone metabolism. As a secreted protein, SLIT regulates various pathophysiological processes in the kidney, such as proinflammatory responses and fibrosis progression. Many studies have shown that SLIT-ROBO is extensively involved in various aspects of kidney development and maintenance of structure and function. The SLIT-ROBO signaling pathway also plays an important role in different types of kidney disease. This article reviews the advances in the study of the SLIT-ROBO pathway in various renal pathophysiological and kidney disorders and proposes new directions for further research in this field.
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We report the synthesis of hydroxyl-radical (ËOH) responsive fluorescent probes that utilise the 3,5-dihydroxybenzyl (DHB) functionality. 4-Methylumbeliferone-DHB (Umb-DHB) and resorufin-DHB (Res-DHB) in the presence of ËOH radicals resulted in significant increases in their respective fluorescent emission intensities at 460 nm and 585 nm. The incubation of Res-DHB in HeLa cells followed by therapeutic ultrasound (1 MHz) resulted in a significant increase in fluorescence emission intensity thus permitting the ability to monitor ultrasound-induced ËOH production in live cells.
Subject(s)
Hydroxybenzoates , Hydroxyl Radical , Humans , Fluorescence , Fluorescent Dyes , HeLa CellsABSTRACT
Objective: To explore a mask fitness test based on self-efficacy and diversified training in the assessment system for nosocomial infection training. Methods: From March 15 to April 5, 2022, 442 staff members (272 male and 170 female) of the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen who planned to enter the quarantine ward for secondary protection skill training assessment were selected. They comprised 56 doctors, 31 medical technicians, 72 nurses, and 283 property logistics staff. During the mask fitness test, a diversified training model based on self-efficacy was adopted to observe the passing status, the identification and selection of mask models, the method of mask-wearing, the fit between the mask and the face, and the changes in self-efficacy. Results: In the assessment system for nosocomial infection training, the passing rate of the mask fitness test was correlated with the identification and selection of mask models, the method of wearing masks, the fit between the mask and the face, and the diversified training, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The difference in the self-efficacy in the test takers between those before and after the mask fitness test was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: In the assessment system for nosocomial infection training, the mask fitness test based on self-efficacy and diversified training might improve the passing rate, the rate of correct mask model identification and selection, the rate of correct mask-wearing, and the degree of facial fit, thus to enhance the awareness of protection and improve self-efficacy.
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Drought stress limits plant development and reproduction. Multiple mechanisms in plants are activated to respond to stress. The MYC2 transcription factor is a core regulator of the jasmonate (JA) pathway and plays a vital role in the crosstalk between abscisic acid (ABA) and JA. In this study, we found that SlMYC2 responded to drought stress and regulated stomatal aperture in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Overexpression of SlMYC2 repressed SlCHS1 expression and decreased the flavonol content, increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in guard cells and promoted the accumulation of JA and ABA in leaves. Additionally, silencing the SlCHS1 gene produced a phenotype that was similar to that of the MYC2-overexpressing (MYC2-OE) strain, especially in terms of stomatal dynamics and ROS levels. Finally, we confirmed that SlMYC2 directly repressed the expression of SlCHS1. Our study revealed that SlMYC2 drove stomatal closure by modulating the accumulation of flavonol and the JA and ABA contents, helping us decipher the mechanism of stomatal movement under drought stress.
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PURPOSE: To describe the urological manifestations of Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) and their computed tomography (CT) findings. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 48 patients diagnosed with ECD at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2014 to January 2020. Twenty-four patients exhibited urological manifestations. Their CT findings, including appearances of the involved area (e.g., perirenal space, renal sinus, ureters, renal arteries, and adrenal glands), occurrence rate of ECD involvement in each area, signal enhancement pattern after CT contrast agent administration, disease progression, and causes of hydronephrosis were discussed. RESULTS: In 24 patients with evidence of ECD urological involvement, the most common manifestation was perirenal infiltration, appearing as "hairy kidney" on unenhanced CT scans and moderate signal enhancement on enhanced CT scans (17/24, 70.8%). Other manifestations included renal sinus infiltration (16/24, 66.7%), proximal ureter involvement (14, 58.3%), renal artery sheath (10, 41.7%), hydronephrosis (14, 58.3%), and adrenal glands involvement (8, 33.3%). The histiocytic infiltrate was mostly bilateral, starting from the perirenal space and spreading to the renal sinus and ureters. Hydronephrosis was usually associated with infiltration of ureters. CONCLUSION: Kidneys are the most common visceral organs affected by ECD. CT scanning is not only advantageous in early diagnosis, but also critical for designing the treatment regime for patients with ECD.
Subject(s)
Erdheim-Chester Disease , Hydronephrosis , Erdheim-Chester Disease/complications , Erdheim-Chester Disease/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Radionuclide Imaging , Retrospective Studies , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: It is known that γ-glutamyl hydrolase (GGH) is involved in the disposition of methotrexate (MTX), and GGH activity is regulated by DNA methylation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells. The present study explores the methylation status of the GGH promoter in peripheral blood and its association with MTX levels and toxicities in Chinese children with ALL. METHODS: Serum MTX concentrations were determined by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Methylation quantification and genotyping for GGH rs3758149 and rs11545078 was performed by Sequenom MassARRAY in 50 pediatric patients with ALL. RESULTS: Overall, the investigated region of the GGH promoter was in hypomethylated status. The methylation levels of cytosine phosphate guanine (CpG)_7, CpG_12, CpG_17, and CpG_20 were significantly higher in patients with B-cell ALL than other immunotypes (p<0.05). The methylation levels of CpG_13.14, CpG_17, and CpG_19 showed a significant negative correlation with MTX C24 hr (p<0.05). The methylation level of CpG_8.9 correlated significantly with MTX C42 hrs (p<0.05). The methylation level of CpG_19 was significantly lower in patients with MTX toxicities (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The methylation levels of the GGH promoter might affect MTX exposure and toxicities. These findings provided reasonable explanations for the variability of MTX responses in patients with childhood ALL.
Subject(s)
Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use , Methotrexate/therapeutic use , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug therapy , gamma-Glutamyl Hydrolase/blood , Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/pharmacology , Asian People , Child , Child, Preschool , China , DNA Methylation/drug effects , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Methotrexate/pharmacology , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/blood , gamma-Glutamyl Hydrolase/drug effects , gamma-Glutamyl Hydrolase/geneticsABSTRACT
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: Reduced folate carrier 1 (RFC1), which is encoded by the human solute carrier family 19 member 1 (SLC19A1) gene, plays an essential role in the cellular uptake of methotrexate (MTX). RFC1 expression is regulated by genetic variations and epigenetic modifications. The aim of the present study was to investigate the methylation status of the SLC19A1 promoter in peripheral blood and its association with MTX levels and toxicities in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). METHODS: Serum MTX concentrations were measured using a fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Methylation quantification for SLC19A1 promoter region #17 was performed by Sequenom MassARRAY in 52 paediatric ALL patients. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Overall, the investigated region of the SLC19A1 promoter was in a hypermethylated state. No significant associations were detected between the methylation levels of six CpG units in the SLC19A1 promoter region #17 and clinical parameters of patients with ALL, including sex, age, immunotype and risk stratification. The methylation level of CpG_10 showed a significant positive correlation with MTX 24 hours after the initiation of infusion. No significant differences in the methylation levels of six CpG units were observed between patients with and without MTX toxicities. Due to the small sample size of this study, there was a high chance of false-positive results. A large-scale study would be required to confirm these preliminary results. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: Our preliminary results suggested the hypermethylated status of the SLC19A1 promoter in children with ALL. The methylation levels of the SLC19A1 promoter might affect MTX exposure. These findings have implications for the mechanisms underlying the variability of MTX responses in childhood ALL.
Subject(s)
Asian People/genetics , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics , Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics , Reduced Folate Carrier Protein/genetics , Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Methotrexate/therapeutic use , Methylation , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug therapyABSTRACT
Biodegradation of ferulic acid, by an endophytic fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides TMTM-13 associated with Ostrya rehderiana Chun, was explored in this study. Ferulic acid was completely degraded by TMTM-13 as its initial concentration was lower than 400 mg L-1. Generally, the initial concentration of ferulic acid and fungal biomass of TMTM-13 kept synchronously growing up as the concentration was lower than 400 mg L-1. Fungal biomass reached a maximum of almost 1.177 g L-1 under concentrations of 400-450 mg L-1. HPLC-MS analysis indicated that ferulic acid ultimately degraded to vanillin, vanillic acid, acetovanillone, and dihydroconiferyl alcohol by TMTM-13. This study was the first report about an endophytic fungus associated with O. rehderiana Chun that has great potential for practical application in ferulic acid contaminated environments.
ABSTRACT
Gamma-Glutamyl hydrolase (GGH) plays an important role in the disposition of anti-folate analogs. Several studies noted the pharmacological relevance of rs3758149 C/T polymorphism located in the human GGH promoter. The present study aimed to investigate the role of rs3758149 C/T polymorphism and transcription factors in the regulation of GGH expression in human acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) CEM/C1 cells. Compared with the rs3758149 T allele, the C allele showed significantly higher transcriptional activity in luciferase reporter assays, as well as a stronger binding affinity for the nuclear protein extracts in an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Sp1 was identified as the target transcription factor that exhibited allele-specific binding to the location of rs3758149 C/T polymorphism in the chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Overexpression of Sp1 led to enhanced GGH promoter activity and GGH mRNA expression in allele-specific manners. These findings suggested that Sp1 acted as a positive regulator of human GGH transcription through the rs3758149 polymorphism in CEM/C1 cells. This study contributed to the present understanding of the mechanisms underlying variable responses of ALL to anti-folates.