Perinephric urinoma following spontaneous renal rupture in the third trimester of pregnancy: a case report and brief review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Spontaneous formation of urinoma is a rare condition, especially for pregnant women. We report a patient in the third trimester of pregnancy with a spontaneous renal rupture who then develops a urinoma from urine leaking into the perinephric space. CASE PRESENTATION: A 23-year-old primagravida was diagnosed with a spontaneous renal rupture and acute left loin pain accompanied by hematuria when she was 35 weeks pregnant. A sub-capsular perinephric cyst then developed to a size of 319 × 175 × 253 mm, and because of discomfort to the patient, we performed Cesarean section. After a healthy male newborn was delivered, fluid was suctioned from a large perirenal cyst that had an estimated size of 300 × 200 × 300 mm. A percutaneous nephrostomy tube was left in the cyst until CT showed no remaining fluid. In the six-month follow-up, the patient showed no perirenal extravasation according to an ultrasound scan, and the urine analysis and renal function tests were normal. CONCLUSION: Close follow-up should be recommended for the patient who has renal rupture after conservative therapy, especially for pregnant woman. CT or MRI should be considered in addition to utilizing ultrasound in the management of pregnant women who present with urinomas. Percutaneous nephrostomy is suggested as an appropriate treatment for large urinomas.

Efficacy of vitamin B complex as an adjuvant therapy for the treatment of complicated vulvovaginal candidiasis: An in vivo and in vitro study.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the efficacy of vitamin B complex as an adjuvant therapy for the treatment of complicated vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: One-hundred fifty-eight complicated VVC patients were randomly divided into group A (treated with suppository+oral antifungal agents), group B (treated with suppository+vaginal cream), and group C (treated with suppository+vaginal cream+oral vitamin B complex). A mouse model of VVC was established. Eighty VVC mice were randomly divided into 4 groups according to the dose of vitamin B complex (20 mice in each group): V1 group (injected with 150µL normal salin), V2 group (injected with 50µL vitamin B complex solution+100µL normal saline), V3 group (injected with 100µL vitamin B complex solution+50µL normal saline), and V4 group (injected with 150µL vitamin B complex solution). After 4 weeks of treatment, the vaginal secretion was obtained for microscopic smear examination. HE stainning was performed to observe histopathological changes of vaginal tissues. The expressions of inflammatory factors were detected by ELISA. Meanwhile, VVC model of vaginal epithelial cells was established. The effects of different concentrations of vitamin B complex on anti-fungal effect of fluconazole were detected in vitro. RESULTS: After the treatment, complicated patients in the group C had significantly higher effective rates than those in the group A and group B. After the intra-gastric administration, the microscopic smear examination found that obvious pseudohypha in cluster with a lot of blastospores can be seen in the vaginal secretions of mice in the V1 group under the microscope. There was significant difference between mice treated with different dosages of vitamin B complex. The inflammatory response of mice in the V1 group was significantly higher than those in other groups and the inflammation response reduced with the increase of vitamin B complex dosage. The vitamin B complex elevated the curative effects of fluconazole on VVC model of vaginal epithelial cells and significantly increased the anti-fungal effect of fluconazole. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that vitamin B complex could be an effective adjuvant therapy for complicated VVC.

Association between the IL7R T244I polymorphism and multiple sclerosis risk: a meta analysis.

The aim of this study was to explore the association between the IL7R T244I polymorphism (rs6897932) and susceptibility of multiple sclerosis (MS). A comprehensive literature search for relevant studies was conducted on Google scholar, PubMed, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM). This meta-analysis was performed using the STATA 11.0 software and the pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95 % confidence interval (CI) was calculated. Seventeen case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis. In total, 17 articles provided data for 15,270 cases and 17,971 controls. The results showed significant association between the IL7R T244I polymorphism and susceptibility to MS (OR = 1.125, 95 % CI: 1.016-1.245, p = 0.024 for C vs. T; OR = 1.176, 95 % CI: 1.078-1.282, p < 0.001 for CC + CT vs. TT; OR = 1.243, 95 % CI: 1.088-1.421, p = 0.001 for CC vs. TT). Stratified analysis of ethnicities also showed significant association in Europeans. However, no association was found in Asians. This study suggested that the IL7R C allele was associated with an increased risk of MS and larger-scale studies of populations are needed to explore the roles played by the IL7R T244I polymorphism during the pathogenesis of MS.

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 -675 4G/5G polymorphism and polycystic ovary syndrome risk: a meta analysis.

PURPOSE: Several studies have reported that excessive amounts of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1) might increase the incidence of polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS), but so far the published results were inconsistent. The aim of this study was to further investigate the association between PAI-1 gene polymorphism and the susceptibility to PCOS by performing a meta-analysis. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search for relevant studies was conducted on google scholar, PubMed, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM). This meta-analysis was performed using the STATA 11.0 software and the pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. RESULTS: Ten case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis with a total of 2,079 cases and 1,556 controls. The results showed that PAI-1 -675 4G/5G polymorphism may increase the risk of PCOS, especially among Asian populations. However, there was no statistically significant association between the polymorphism and PCOS risk in Caucasians. CONCLUSION: Our meta-analysis suggests that PAI-1 -675 4G/5G polymorphism may contribute to increasing susceptibility to PCOS in Asians. Detection of the PAI-1 gene polymorphism might be a promising biomarker for the susceptibility of PCOS.