Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy With CAPOX Versus Chemoradiation for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer With Uninvolved Mesorectal Fascia (CONVERT): Initial Results of a Phase III Trial.

OBJECTIVE: To compare neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nCT) with CAPOX alone versus neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) with capecitabine in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) with uninvolved mesorectal fascia (MRF). BACKGROUND DATA: nCRT is associated with higher surgical complications, worse long-term functional outcomes, and questionable survival benefits. Comparatively, nCT alone seems a promising alternative treatment in lower-risk LARC patients with uninvolved MRF. METHODS: Patients between June 2014 and October 2020 with LARC within 12 cm from the anal verge and uninvolved MRF were randomly assigned to nCT group with 4 cycles of CAPOX (Oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 IV day 1 and Capecitabine 1000 mg/m2 twice daily for 14 d. Repeat every 3 wk) or nCRT group with Capecitabine 825 mg/m² twice daily administered orally and concurrently with radiation therapy (50 Gy/25 fractions) for 5 days per week. The primary end point is local-regional recurrence-free survival. Here we reported the results of secondary end points: histopathologic response, surgical events, and toxicity. RESULTS: Of the 663 initially enrolled patients, 589 received the allocated treatment (nCT, n=300; nCRT, n=289). Pathologic complete response rate was 11.0% (95% CI, 7.8-15.3%) in the nCT arm and 13.8% (95% CI, 10.1-18.5%) in the nCRT arm ( P =0.33). The downstaging (ypStage 0 to 1) rate was 40.8% (95% CI, 35.1-46.7%) in the nCT arm and 45.6% (95% CI, 39.7-51.7%) in the nCRT arm ( P =0.27). nCT was associated with lower perioperative distant metastases rate (0.7% vs. 3.1%, P =0.03) and preventive ileostomy rate (52.2% vs. 63.6%, P =0.008) compared with nCRT. Four patients in the nCT arm received salvage nCRT because of local disease progression after nCT. Two patients in the nCT arm and 5 in the nCRT arm achieved complete clinical response and were treated with a nonsurgical approach. Similar results were observed in subgroup analysis. CONCLUSIONS: nCT achieved similar pCR and downstaging rates with lower incidence of perioperative distant metastasis and preventive ileostomy compared with nCRT. CAPOX could be an effective alternative to neoadjuvant therapy in LARC with uninvolved MRF. Long-term follow-up is needed to confirm these results.

Effect of low-dose dexmedetomidine on sleep quality in postoperative patients with mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit: A pilot randomized trial.

Background: Sleep disturbances are prevalent in patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit (ICU) and are associated with worse outcomes. Sedative-dose dexmedetomidine may improve sleep quality in this patient population but is associated with adverse events. Herein, we tested the effect of low-dose dexmedetomidine infusion on nighttime sleep quality in postoperative ICU patients with invasive ventilation. Methods: In this pilot randomized trial, 80 adult patients who were admitted to the ICU after non-cardiac surgery and required invasive mechanical ventilation were randomized to receive either low-dose dexmedetomidine (0.1 to 0.2 µg/kg/h, n = 40) or placebo (n = 40) for up to 72 h. The primary endpoint was overall subjective sleep quality measured using the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (score ranges from 0 to 100, with a higher score indicating better quality) in the night of surgery. Secondary outcomes included sleep structure parameters monitored with polysomnography from 9:00 PM on the day of surgery to the next 6:00 AM. Results: All 80 patients were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. The overall subjective sleep quality was median 52 (interquartile 20, 66) with placebo vs. 61 (27, 79) with dexmedetomidine, and the difference was not statistically significant (median difference 8; 95% CI: -2, 22; P = 0.120). Among 68 patients included in sleep structure analysis, those in the dexmedetomidine group tended to have longer total sleep time [median difference 54 min (95% CI: -4, 120); P = 0.061], higher sleep efficiency [median difference 10.0% (95% CI: -0.8%, 22.3%); P = 0.060], lower percentage of stage N1 sleep [median difference -3.9% (95% CI: -11.8%, 0.5%); P = 0.090], higher percentage of stage N3 sleep [median difference 0.0% (95% CI: 0.0%, 0.4%); P = 0.057], and lower arousal index [median difference -0.9 (95% CI -2.2, 0.1); P = 0.091] but not statistically significant. There were no differences between the two groups regarding the incidence of adverse events. Conclusion: Among patients admitted to the ICU after surgery with intubation and mechanical ventilation, low-dose dexmedetomidine infusion did not significantly improve the sleep quality pattern, although there were trends of improvement. Our findings support the conduct of a large randomized trial to investigate the effect of low-dose dexmedetomidine in this patient population. Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrial.gov, identifier: NCT03335527.

Endowing TADF luminophors with AIE properties through adjusting flexible dendrons for highly efficient solution-processed nondoped OLEDs.

The amalgamation of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties, termed AIE-TADF, is a promising strategy to design novel robust luminescent materials. Herein, we transform 2,3,4,5,6-penta(9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzonitrile (5CzBN) from an ACQ molecule into an AIEgen by simply decorating the 5CzBN core with alkyl chain-linked spirobifluorene dendrons. By increasing the number of flexible dendrons, these materials can not only show obvious AIE-TADF characteristics and uniform film morphology, but can also exhibit better resistance to isopropyl alcohol, which are beneficial to fully solution-processed OLEDs. Notably, 5CzBN-PSP shows great device efficiency with an external quantum efficiency (EQE), current efficiency and power efficiency of 20.1%, 58.7 cd A-1 and 46.2 lm W-1, respectively and achieved record-breaking efficiency in solution-processed nondoped OLEDs based on AIE emitters. This work demonstrates a general approach to explore new efficient emitters by the marriage of AIE and TADF which could potentially improve their performance in various areas.

Feasibility of bile duct as venous graft for venous reconstruction in pancreatic surgery: An animal experimental study.

OBJECTIVE: Pancreatic cancer is a kind of high malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. The aim is to determine whether the dilated bile duct can be used to reconstruct the vessels. METHODS: An animal model of jugular vein and portal vein reconstruction was established using the bile duct. A total of 20 landrace pigs were selected to undergo jugular vein reconstruction or portal vein reconstruction using the bile duct as a patch or bridge. The patency was evaluated by color Doppler, the reconstructed segments were removed and examined macroscopically and histologically at specified intervals, and the results were compared with synthetic vessels (IMPRA straight, 10s03-19). RESULTS: The lumen was patent, although a low level thrombosis was observed when jugular or portal vein patching was used. For bridging, stenosis of the lumen was observed, and necrosis appeared when the bile duct was used for bridging, indicating that it is feasible to reconstruct the jugular vein and portal vein with a bile duct patch. However, the bridge was not feasible possibly due to loss of blood supply, and consequent necrosis and fibrosis. CONCLUSION: The bile duct is technically feasible, but the outcomes are unsatisfactory.

[Effect of Aspirin on Brain Metastasis of Lung Cancer and Its Possible Mechanism].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on brain metastasis of lung cancer,and to explore the possible mechanism of aspirin (PGE2 inhibitor) reducing brain metastasis of lung cancer. METHODS: Radioimmunoassay was performed to measure the expression level of PGE2 in cell supernatant collected from cells treated with or without aspirin (8 mmol/L) at different time points. After establishing in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) model using Transwell, lung cancer cells was added to upper chamber of transwell and was then treated with aspirin (8 mmol/L). Western blot was used to examine the expression of occludin protein in brain microvascular endothelial cells. The permeability changes of BBB model in vitro were determined using horseradish peroxides. The number of lung cancer cells passing through BBB model in vitro was counted with Hemocytometer. Effect of aspirin on brain metastasis of lung cancer was observed in nude mice in the animal level. RESULTS: PGE2 level decreased and reached minimum level 120 min after aspirin treatment in lung cancer cells culture fluid. Occludin expression increased and reached maximum level 120 min after aspirin treatment in brain microvascular endothelial cells. At the same time,permeability of BBB and number of lung cancer cells passing through BBB also reached the lowest value 120 min after aspirin treatment. Aspirin significantly reduced the incidence of brain metastasis of lung cancer in animal model. CONCLUSION: Aspirin reduced occurrences of the brain metastasis of lung cancer in animal model,which may be caused by inhibition of PGE2 released by lung cancer cells and upregulation of occludin expression therefore leading to decrease in BBB permeability.

Comparison of short-term outcomes between laparoscopic-assisted and open complete mesocolic excision (CME) for the treatment of transverse colon cancer.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. Although laparoscopic-assisted complete mesocolic excision (LCME) is a superior treatment, there are few studies available on it owe to the low incidence and technical difficulty of LCME in transverse colon cancer. METHODS: The clinical data of 78 patients with transverse colon cancer who were treated by LCME and open complete mesocolic excision (OCME) were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 39 cases had been treated by LCME, compared with 39 cases treated by OCME. The patient characteristics and short-term outcomes including operation time, intra-operative blood loss, length of incision, time to first flatus, first postoperative ambulation, postoperative hospitalization time, number of harvested lymph nodes, length of resected specimen and incidence of complications were evaluated. RESULTS: There was no case converted to OCME in LCME group. LCME had significantly shorter length of incision, shorter operation time, less intra-operative blood loss, shorter postoperative hospitalization time (P<0.05). The length of resected specimen and the numbers of harvested lymph nodes were (26.5±5.4 cm) and (16.2±3.1) in LCME group, and (24.8±4.9 cm) and (15.1±3.5) in OCME group, with no differences between two groups. The incidence of wound infection was lower while the incidence of lymphatic leakage, anastomotic leakage, urinary tract infection and wound dehiscence had no significant differences between two groups. None of patients in these two groups developed urinary retention, anastomotic bleeding and postoperative intestinal obstruction. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggested that LCME is a safe, feasible and effective treatment method for the treatment of transverse colon cancer due to it can provide superior short-term outcomes including less intra-operative blood loss, faster recovery and lower incidence of wound infection.

Optical coherence tomography characteristics of responses to intravitreal bevacizumab in idiopathic choroidal neovascularization.

AIM: To investigate factors associated with responses to intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) in naive idiopathic choroidal neovascularization (iCNV) by high domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed clinical data of 40 eyes of iCNV patients who received a single or multiple IVB on an as-needed basis (1.25 mg/0.05 mL). One month after the first injection, subretinal fluid (SRF) volume was evaluated and the eyes were divided into 3 groups based on responses to IVB. Good, moderate, and poor responses were defined as 61%-99%, 30%-60%, and <30% resolution of SRF on OCT after IVB in iCNV, respectively. OCT findings were analyzed to find factors associated with difference in response levels. Comparisons were made using Wilcoxon's matched-pairs signed-rank test, the Mann-Whitney U test for means with continuous data and Fisher's exact test for categorical data. RESULTS: The mean number of IVB was 1.28±1.50 and mean follow up time was 3.60±1.20mo. At postoperative 1mo, there were 8 (20%) eyes in good response, 20 (50%) in moderate response and 12 (30%) eyes in poor response group and at last visit there were 28 good responders (70%), 8 (20%) moderate responders and 4 (10%) poor responders. Statistically significant difference was detected between good responders and non good responders in choroidal neovessels thickness (P=0.029), SRF height (P=0.049) and SRF volume (P=0.031) at post treatment 1mo. CONCLUSION: OCT is a valuable diagnostic tool. Decrease in choroidal neovessels thickness, SRF height and volume predicts favorable response of iCNV to IVB therapy.

FTY720-induced enhancement of autophagy protects cells from FTY720 cytotoxicity in colorectal cancer.

FTY720, also known as fingolimod, is a widely used immunomodulator in multiple sclerosis and multiple organ transplantation. It is also an important protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activator. Based on this, a number of studies have recently demonstrated the cytotoxic effect of FTY720 in various cancers. Yet in colorectal cancer (CRC), the underlying mechanisms of FTY720 cytotoxicity remain less clear, especially the relationship between a drug and autophagy. We demonstrate here for the first time that FTY720 promotes the appearance of autophagic hallmarks such as autophagosome formation and light chain 3 (LC3)-II accumulation, indicating the participation of autophagy in FTY720 cytotoxicity on CRC. Moreover, inhibition of autophagy using 3-methyladenine (3-MA), a specific inhibitor of autophagy, enhanced FTY720 cytotoxicity, indicating the protective role of autophagy against the drug's own cytotoxic effect. The protective autophagy was likely affected by cancerous inhibitor of PP2A (CIP2A), an endogenous PP2A inhibitor that is closely related with poor prognosis and drug resistance. Consequently, our data not only demonstrate a new mechanism underlying the cytotoxic effect of FTY720 in CRC, but also a new strategy for CRC treatment, especially in cases resistant to conventional chemotherapies because of high CIP2A levels.

Structural Effect on Absorption and Emission Properties of 1,8-Naphthalimide Derivatives: a DFT Study.

Using B3LYP/6-31G(d) model, time depended(TD)-B3LYP/6-31+G(d) method and Conductor-like Polarizable Continuum Model (C-PCM)-TD-B3LYP/6-31+G(d) method, we calculated the structure and the absorption and emission spectra of a series of N-substituted 1,8-naphthalimides in both gas-phase and dichloromethane. The influence of the substituents on the electronic absorption spectra and their emission spectra has been discussed on their calculated frontier molecular orbitals contour and their energy levels. Results show that their rings extension from CN group and the substituents on their naphthalimic ring play an important role in the absorption spectra and the emission spectra properties. Modification of OCNCO group and the substituents in their naphthalimic rings breaks the structural symmetry. The Mulliken atomic charges values of NO2 groups from S0 to S1 in 4 positions are a little greater than the 5-positions, which also mean that the 5 position provide more electrons. For MACs of N(Ph)2 and N(Me)2, the 4 position substituents provide more charges than that of 5 position. They not only lead to bigger dipole moments, but also extend frontier orbital contour. Frontier orbitals also show that the modification of OCNCN and the introduction N(Me)2, N(Ph)2 and NO2 groups extends their π­π* excitation scope and decreases their energy gap accordingly. Besides, those kinds of molecular design enhance intra molecular charge transfer between substituent and naphthalimic ring. Therefore, redshift are shown in their absorption and emission spectra, which is also verified by calculated results. Their absorption and emission spectra in solvent redshift compared with their gas spectra. For the NO2 derivatives, the charge transfer state is in the 5 position substituent compounds. For donor substituents, charge transfer state lies in their 4 position compounds. When the CO group is in the same side with the NO2 group, and the N(Me)2 and the N(Ph)2 are in the different side with the CO group, compounds have better conduction properties. From compound 1 to compound 4, the redshift of the absorption spectra in dichloromethane is about 139 nm. The more intramolecular charge transfer, the bigger absorption maximum those compounds shown. Above result is in good agreement with the 5-position NO2 derivatives and the 4-position N(Me)2, N(Ph)2 derivatives. Above OCNCO structural change and their charge transfer mechanism provide design basis for further 1,8-naphthalmic derivatives.

AZD1480, a JAK inhibitor, inhibits cell growth and survival of colorectal cancer via modulating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Interleukin (IL)-6 and the downstream Janus kinase (JAK)/signal activator of transcription (STAT) pathway have been found to be important in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). To develop novel therapies for CRC, we have explored the effects of a novel small-molecule JAK inhibitor (AZD1480) on IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway and its potential antitumor activity on the human CRC cell lines (HCT116, HT29 and SW480). The results showed that, AZD1480 effectively prevents constitutive and IL-6-induced JAK2 and STAT-3 phosphorylation and exerted antitumor functional effects by a decrease in proliferation and an increase in apoptosis in CRC cells. The inhibition of tumorigenesis was consistent with the decreased phosphorylated JAK2 and phosphorylated STAT3, and the decreased expression of STAT3­targeted genes c-Myc, cyclin D2 and IL-6. Thus, AZD1480 is a potential new clinical therapeutic agent for patients with CRC.

The IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway: potential therapeutic strategies in treating colorectal cancer (Review).

Among the cytokines linked to inflammation-associated cancer, interleukin (IL)-6 drives many of the cancer 'hallmarks' through downstream activation of the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK/STAT3) signaling pathway. Additionally, dysregulation of the interleukin (IL)-6-mediated JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway is closely related to the development of diverse human solid tumors including colorectal cancer (CRC). On this basis, modulation of the IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway is currently being widely explored to develop novel therapies for CRC. The present review details the mechanisms and roles of the IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway in CRC, describes current therapeutic strategies, and the search for potential therapeutic approaches to treat CRC.

TiO2 nanocrystals electrochemiluminescence quenching by biological enlarged nanogold particles and its application for biosensing.

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of TiO(2) nanocrystals with different crystal styles modified fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) electrode was investigated in H(2)O(2) solution. The amorphous TiO(2) nanospheres were facilely synthesized by the hydrothermal and condensation method. Crystal TiO(2), namely anatase and rutile, were prepared by calcination of the amorphous TiO(2) nanospheres at 450 and 800°C, respectively. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) and electron diffraction pattern were used to characterize the obtained TiO(2) nanoparticles morphology and the corresponding crystal styles. The electrochemical and ECL behaviors were investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The ECL quenching was observed by introduction of gold nanoparticles. Based on the quenching effect, a sensitive glucose ECL biosensor as a model was fabricated by in-situ growing-up gold seeds in AuCl(4)(-) solution induced by biologically generated H(2)O(2). The linear range to detect glucose is from 5.0×10(-7)M to 4.0×10(-3)M with the limit of detection of 2.5×10(-7)M.

Aberrant methylation frequency of TNFRSF10C promoter in pancreatic cancer cell lines.

BACKGROUND: A growing body of evidence suggests that many tumors are initiated by both epigenetic abnormalities and gene mutations, which promote tumor progression. Epigenetic abnormalities include changes in DNA methylation and in the modification of histones. This study aimed to assess the status of methylation in the CpG island (CGI) of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10c (TNFRSF10C) with combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA) and to evaluate its role in the progression of pancreatic cancer (PC). METHODS: The methylation status of four PC cell lines was assessed using COBRA and/or bisulfite genomic sequencing (BGS). Changes in methylation and TNFRSF10C expression in PC cell lines before and after treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) and/or trichostatin A (TSA) were assessed by BGS and real-time RT-PCR. Apoptosis in the four cell lines was tested by flow cytometry (FCM) and TUNEL assay. RESULTS: The methylation status of the TNFRSF10C promoter was assessed in PC cells (BxPC-3: 68.84+/-8.71%; CFPAC-1: 0; PANC-1: 96.77+/-4.57%; SW1990: 54.97+/-7.33%) with the COBRA assay, which was confirmed by the results of BGS. After treatment with 5-aza-dC and/or TSA, apoptosis was induced in PC cells to different degrees, and the levels of TNFRSF10C transcriptional expression in the PC cell lines (except CFPAC-1) increased markedly after 5-aza-dC treatment. CONCLUSIONS: A high frequency of CGI methylation in the TNFRSF10C promoter results in inactivation of the gene and enhancement of tumor growth in most PC cell lines (except CFPAC-1). Inactivation of TNFRSF10C by CGI hypermethylation can play an important role in PC progression and be potentially useful as a diagnostic marker and a new therapeutic approach for PC.

Relationship between the GH-IGFs axis and the proliferation of bile duct cancer cell line QBC939 in vitro.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, recombined human growth hormone (rhGH) has been increasingly used in patients to help them recover from operation. But GH, as a mitogen, can promote cell renewal and increase malignant transformation. In the current study, we assessed the proliferation of a bile duct cancer cell line (QBC939) in vitro with GH and explored the possible relationship with the axis of GH-IGFs (insulin-like growth factors). METHODS: QBC939 cells in the exponential growth stage were harvested and divided into an experimental group (GH group) and a control group (NS group). The GH group was divided into four sub-groups according to the dose of GH and culture time (50 microg/L for 2 hours, 50 microg/L for 24 hours, 100 microg/L for 2 hours, 100 microg/L for 24 hours). The NS group was divided into two sub-groups (NS for 2 hours and NS for 24 hours). After 2 or 24 hours, IGF-1 and IGF-2 were detected using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The QBC939 cells cultured for 24 hours with two GH concentrations were made into single cell suspensions and samples underwent subsequent cell cycle evaluation. Messenger RNA of IGF-1 and IGF-2 receptor (IGF-1RmRNA and IGF-2RmRNA) were tested with the method of in situ hybridization. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between the GH and NS groups after 2 hours of culture (P>0.05). But after 24 hours of culture, GH stimulated cell growth in vitro and also elevated the percentage in S phase and the proliferation index (P<0.05). IGF-1RmRNA and IGF-2RmRNA were expressed in QBC939 in contrast to the blank group. The expression of IGF-1RmRNA increased with the dose of GH, but IGF-2RmRNA did not. CONCLUSION: GH can stimulate QBC939 cell growth and proliferation in vitro and the mechanism is most likely by the GH-IGF-1-IGF-1R axis.

1-Benzyl-2,3-dihydro-quinolin-4(1H)-one.

In the title compound, C(16)H(15)NO, the two aromatic rings are approximately perpendicular; the carbonyl group is twisted out of the adjacent benzene ring by 14.8 (2)°. In the heterocyclic ring, the C atom linked to the carbonyl group and the C atom linked to the N atom have opposite deviations of 0.467 (5) and 0.184 (4) Å, respectively, from the plane of the benzene ring. The N atom lies approximately in the plane of the phenyl ring. There are no conventional hydrogen bonds; the packing of mol-ecules in the crystal structure is stabilized by van der Waals forces.

Binding of glycine and L-cysteine on Si(111)-7 x 7.

The adsorption of glycine and l-cysteine on Si(111)-7 x 7 was investigated using high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The observation of the characteristic vibrational modes and electronic structures of NH3+ and COO- groups for physisorbed glycine (l-cysteine) demonstrates the formation of zwitterionic species in multilayers. For chemisorbed molecules, the appearance of nu(Si-H), nu(Si-O), and nu(C=Omicron) and the absence of nu(O-H) clearly indicate that glycine and l-cysteine dissociate to produce monodentate carboxylate adducts on Si(111)-7 x 7. XPS results further verified the coexistence of two chemisorption states for each amino acid, corresponding to a Si-NH-CH2-COO-Si [Si-NHCH(CH2SH)COO-Si] species with new sigma-linkages of Si-N and Si-O, and a NH2-CH2-COO-Si [NH2CH(CH2SH)COO-Si] product through the cleavage of the O-H bond, respectively. Glycine/Si(111)-7 x 7 and l-cysteine/Si(111)-7 x 7 can be viewed as model systems for further modification of Si surfaces with biological molecules.

[Laparoscopic gastric resection in 50 cases of gastric benign diseases].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility, effect, and clinic value of total laparoscopic gastric resection in patients with benign gastric disease. METHODS: The clinical materials of 50 cases underwent total laparoscopic gastric resection (LG group) and 104 cases open surgery (OG group) between January 2002 and June 2006 were compared. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, mean time of stay in hospital and postoperative complications were studied. RESULTS: All operations in LG group were successfully preformed with laparoscopic technique, and the mean operation time was 105 min, mean intraoperative blood loss was 50 ml, and mean hospital stay was 7 days. Incisional wound infection occurred in 2 cases and no serious complications occurred in this group. In OG group, the mean operation time was 118 min, mean intraoperative blood loss was 108 ml, and mean hospital stay was 12 days. Wound infection occurred in 7 cases, disorder of gastric emptying was found in 3 cases, fistula of anastomotic stoma happened in 1 case and bowel obstruction occurred in 1 case. There was significant difference in operation blood loss and hospital stay between the two groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic gastric resection is a safe and feasible minimally-invasive surgery, it brings less pain, less bleeding, shorter hospital stay.

A [4+2]-like cycloaddition of methyl methacrylate on Si(100)-2 x 1.

The attachment of methyl methacrylate (MMA) on Si(100)-2x1 was investigated using high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The HREELS spectra of chemisorbed MMA show the disappearance of characteristic vibrations of C=O (1725 cm(-1)) and C(sp(2))-H (3110, 1400, and 962 cm(-1)) coupled with the blue shift of the C=C stretching mode by 34 cm(-1) compared to those of physisorbed molecules. These results clearly demonstrate that both C=C and C=O in MMA directly participate in the interaction with the surface to form a SiCH(2)C(CH(3))=C(OCH(3))OSi species via a [4+2]-like cycloaddition. This binding configuration was further supported by XPS, UPS, and DFT studies.