Preoperative prognostic predictors and treatment strategies for surgical procedure focused on the sequential organ failure assessment score in nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Several large-scale studies have assessed endovascular and surgical treatment methods for nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI); however, the prognostic factors for NOMI remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate risk factors for in-hospital mortality among patients with NOMI who underwent laparotomy and to examine therapeutic strategies that may improve the prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this multicenter retrospective study, the authors reviewed the electronic medical records retrieved from the inpatient database of patients with NOMI at eight district general hospitals between January 2011 and January 2021. A total of 88 patients who underwent laparotomies were divided into survivor and nonsurvivor groups, and statistical analysis was performed to determine clinical and physiological factors. RESULTS: Exploratory laparotomy based on second-look surgery was the first treatment choice. The overall mortality rate was 48.8%, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.1:1. The median Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was 8 [interquartile range: 3.75-14.2], and the median SOFA scores were 5 [3-7] in the survivor group and 13 [9-17.5] in the nonsurvivor group. Univariate analysis revealed a significant difference in BMI ( P <0.001), hypoglycemia ( P =0.0012), previous cardiovascular surgery ( P =0.0019), catecholamine use ( P <0.001), SOFA score ( P <0.001), platelet count ( P =0.0023), and lactate level ( P <0.001). Logistic regression analysis using the factors with significant differences revealed that SOFA score ≥10 (odds ratio 23.3; 95% CI: 1.94-280.00; P =0.013) was an independent prognostic factor. In addition, catecholamine use was suggested as a factor with a SOFA score greater than or equal to 10. CONCLUSION: This study confirmed that a SOFA score of greater than or equal to 10 may be associated with increased mortality. While closely monitoring low blood pressure and renal dysfunction, survival rates may be improved if surgical intervention is performed before the SOFA score reaches greater than or equal to 10.

Laparoscopic resection for spontaneously ruptured primary extragastrointestinal stromal tumor of the greater omentum: A case report.

INTRODUCTION: Ruptured extragastrointestinal stromal tumor (EGIST) are rare; therefore, there are no standard guidelines for its treatment. Herein, we report the successful laparoscopic resection of a ruptured EGIST. PRESENTATION OF CASE: The patient was a 59-year-old man, a Jehovah's Witness, who presented with sudden onset of left-sided abdominal pain. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) performed from a previous hospital revealed intra-abdominal hemorrhage. Repeat CECT at our institution revealed extravasation and serum ascites. A hematoma was found anterior to the omentum, and a tumor was detected which did not have continuity with the surrounding organs of the gastrointestinal tract. Complete tumor resection via laparoscopic surgery was performed and the specimen was sent for histopathology, which revealed bundle-like proliferation of spindle-shaped cells. Immunohistochemical staining was completed, which was positive for KIT and CD34. Based on surgical and pathological findings, the final diagnosis was extragastrointestinal stromal tumor originating from the omentum. DISCUSSION: EGISTs have a similar morphology to that of gastrointestinal stromal tumors, but instead, arise outside the gastrointestinal tract. A significant differentiation and key to the diagnosis of EGIST is the absence of continuity with the gastrointestinal tract. The preferred treatment for EGIST is complete surgical resection, and the use of laparoscopy has not been well studied. Postoperative histopathological examination, along with immunohistochemical staining, aid confirmatory diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic removal of EGISTs is a minimally invasive and potentially useful technique for the management of this tumor type.

Liver cyst with biliary communication treated with endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage: A case report.

RATIONALE: Simple liver cysts are common, and usually benign and asymptomatic, requiring little to no treatment. Liver cysts with biliary communication, however, are rare and require effective treatment to avoid recurrence. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 70-year-old woman with breast cancer visited our hospital for treatment. Physical examination revealed abdominal distension and bilateral lower leg edema. DIAGNOSIS: Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a giant liver cyst, inducing inferior vena cava compression that was causing her edema. INTERVENTIONS: Percutaneous transhepatic cyst drainage was performed. Since the bilirubin level in the drained fluid was high, the patient was diagnosed with a liver cyst with biliary communication. After the procedure, her symptoms improved and the cyst decreased in size. However, the drainage volume did not decrease after approximately 2 weeks. Sclerotherapy with minocycline was ineffective. Thus, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was performed, and an endoscopic nasobiliary drainage tube was inserted. The percutaneous drainage tube was clamped, and the cyst showed increase in size. Therefore, endoscopic ultrasound-guided cyst drainage, which is less invasive than surgery, was performed. OUTCOMES: The cyst tended to decrease in size even after the percutaneous drainage tube had been removed. At 3years follow-up, the cyst has almost disappeared. LESSONS: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage can treat liver cyst with biliary communication.

Multimodal treatment for acute empyema based on the patient's condition, including patients who are bedridden: A single center retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of acute empyema has increased in various countries; some elderly patients with acute empyema have contraindications for surgery under general anesthesia. Therefore, suitable management based on a patient's clinical condition is required. METHODS: We evaluated the different surgical and nonsurgical therapeutic approaches available for patients with acute empyema. This was a retrospective study of 57 patients with acute empyema who received treatment in our department between May 2015 and February 2019. For patients who did not initially improve with drainage or drainage combined with fibrinolytic therapy, surgery, or additional percutaneous drainage was performed based on their general condition. We compared several clinical factors pertaining to the patients who underwent surgical versus nonsurgical treatment. RESULTS: Our study showed that the patients with a performance status of 0-2 and an American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification of class II or lower underwent surgery safely without major operative complications. The combination of repeated drainage of the pleural cavity and fibrinolytic therapy appeared to be a reasonable nonsurgical management option for patients in poor overall condition. CONCLUSION: For an aging population, we think that the combination of repeated pleural cavity drainage procedures and fibrinolytic therapy is a reasonable nonsurgical strategy for the management of patients with acute empyema.

Monitoring the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score in nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia increases the survival rate: A single-center observational study.

ABSTRACT: Several large-scale studies have assessed the endovascular and surgical treatments for nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI); nonetheless, the prognostic factors for NOMI remain unclear.In this single-center study, we retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of 197, 149 patients were retrieved from the inpatient database of our hospital from January 2011 to January 2020; 79 patients with NOMI were observed. A total of 44 patients who underwent laparotomy were statistically analyzed and divided into the survivor and non-survivor groups. Prognostic factors were compared between the 2 groups. Exploratory laparotomy based on a second-look surgery was the first treatment choice.The overall mortality rate was 61.3%, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.6:1. The median Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was 11.06 [5.75-17.25]. The median SOFA score was 5 [interquartile range: 3-8] in the survivor group and 14.8 [interquartile range: 10.5-19] in the non-survivor group. The log-rank test showed a significant difference in the presence of diabetes mellitus (P = .025), hypoglycemia (P = .001), SOFA score ≥10 (P < .001), hemoglobin levels ≥11 g/dL (P = .003), platelet count ≥12.9 × 104/µL (P = .01), lactate levels ≥2.6 mmol/L (P = .005), and base excess <-3.0 (P < .023). Multivariate analysis using the factors with significant differences revealed that SOFA score ≥10 (hazard ratio for death, 1.199; 95% confidence interval, 1.101-1.305; P < .001) was an independent prognostic factor.The SOFA score can be used to assess disease severity. A SOFA score of ≥10 may be associated with increased mortality.

Metastatic spinal cord compression by gastric cancer: a case report.

Metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC) is one of the serious complications of malignancy. Most cases of MSCC occur from breast or prostate cancer primaries; MSCC secondary to gastric cancer is rare. We herein report a case of a patient with gastric cancer with weakness of the lower limbs and urinary retention on initial presentation. This case demonstrates that although rare, bone metastases and MSCC may occur from gastric primaries. It also highlights the importance of prompt diagnosis and early treatment of MSCC.

A Rare Case of Pancreatic Endometrial Cyst and Review of the Literature.

Pancreatic cysts include a variety of benign, premalignant, and malignant lesions. Endometrial cysts in the pancreas are extremely rare lesions that are difficult to diagnose before surgery. We report the case of a 26-year-old patient with a recent episode of left abdominal pain who presented with a large cyst in the pancreatic body. Laboratory results showed white blood cell and C-reactive protein elevation, whereas the patient's tumor marker levels were within the normal range. Distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy was performed. The final histopathological examination confirmed the presence of endometriotic cysts within the pancreas. Only 13 cases of endometriotic cysts of the pancreas have been previously reported. The preoperative diagnosis is challenging, and most patients undergo pancreatic resection because of suspected neoplasms. This case report reviews previous studies and discusses the clinicopathological features, pathogenesis, and appropriate treatment for pancreatic endometrial cysts.