ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Skeletal fluorosis (SF) results from chronic exposure to fluoride (F-) causing excessive aberrantly mineralized brittle bone tissue, fractures, and exostoses. There is no established treatment other than avoiding the source of F-. Still, excess F- can persist in bone for decades after exposure ceases. CASE PRESENTATION: A 50-year-old woman presented with multiple, recurrent, low AQ2 trauma fractures yet high radiologic bone mineral density. Serum F- was elevated, and osteomalacia was documented by non-decalcified transiliac biopsy. She reported intermittently "huffing" a keyboard cleaner containing F- (difluoroethane) for years. Following cessation of her F- exposure, we evaluated the administration of the parathyroid hormone analog, abaloparatide, hoping to increase bone remodeling and diminish her skeletal F- burden. CONCLUSION: Due to the prolonged half-life of F- in bone, SF can cause fracturing long after F- exposure stops. Anabolic therapy approved for osteoporosis, such as abaloparatide, may induce mineralized bone turnover to replace the poorly mineralized osteomalacic bone characteristic of SF and thereby diminish fracture risk. Following abaloparatide treatment for our patient, there was a decrease in bone density as well as a reduction in F- levels.
ABSTRACT
International Diabetes Federation estimates that there are more than a half-billion adults ages 20 to 79 years worldwide who have diabetes mellitus (DM) and that the global health care expenditure for adults with DM in 2015 was $673 billion. Nonadherence and nonpersistence to prescribed type 2 DM medications are common and remain a barrier to optimal health outcomes. There is a high prevalence of nonadherence among older adults. Research has focused on prevalence and predictors of adherence, research methodologies, and development of measures of adherence. Improvements hopefully will result in better disease monitoring, medication adherence, and reduced rates of diabetes complications.
