[Artificial therapeutic nutrition using special food mixtures in complex treatment of patients]. / Iskusstvennoe lechebnoe pitanie s ispol'zovaniem spetsializirovannykh pishchevykh smesei v kompleksnoi terapii bol'nykh.

The experience of using special food mixtures for enteral nutrition in treatment of 5518 of the wounded and inpatients allows propose practical conception of using these artificial food mixtures at different pathological situations. The whole characteristics, nutritional and biological values of these mixtures and methodology of their applications are summarized.

[Management of patients after reconstructive and restorative surgery of the large intestine]. / Vedenie bolnykh posle rekonstruktivno-vosstanovitelnykh operatsii na tolstoi kishke.

Reconstructive-restorative operations were conducted on the large intestine in 932 patients. Means of optimization of treatment in the early postoperative period in elderly and old-aged patients, who often have concomitant diseases, must be searched for. The dynamics of energy consumption in the early postoperative period was studied in 15 patients. Considerable effectiveness of complex diet including proteins was established during elaboration of individual dosed feeding. The immune status was studied in dynamics in 38 patients; immunomodulation agents lead in most cases to restoration of the reduced immunity indices or have a stabilizing effect on them when used both as a preventive and as a therapeutic measure. Percutaneous electrostimulation in the early postoperative period proved to be highly effective in arresting the pain syndrome, removal of functional intestinal paresis and reflex ischuria.

[Effect of a diet containing a protein enteral feeding formulation on pancreatic exocrine function in chronic pancreatitis patients]. / Vliianie diety, soderzhashchei belkovoi énpit, na ékzosekretornuiu funktsiiu podzheludochnoi zhelezy u bol'nykh khronicheskim pankreatitom.

Secretion of enzymes and bicarbonates in the duodenal aspirate was studied in 60 chronic pancreatitis patients with mild, moderate and severe course of the disease after secretin-pancreozymin stimulation. During 4 weeks the patients received two variants of diets: enpit (EP, enteral feeding formula) and diet 5P. The differences in the secretory response of the patients could be explained by the high quality of animal protein and by low content of fat in the diet with EP, that makes this diet more sparing and promotes the improvement of the clinical effect.

[The feeding of patients through the jejunostoma in the early postoperative period after gastrectomy and proximal resection of the stomach]. / Pitanie bol'nykh v rannem posleoperatsionnom periode posle gastréktomii i proksimal'noi rezektsii zheludka cherez eiunostomu.

The authors have analyzed the course and outcome of the early postoperative period in 45 patients with carcinoma of the stomach who had been subjected to gastrectomy and proximal stomach resection. A lower number of postoperative complications, including those with lethal outcomes, earlier normalization of certain important parameters of homeostasis were recorded in the patients with decompressive-feeding jejunostoma established at the final stage of the operation (18 subjects). A variant of the diet based on enpits for feeding through jejunostoma has been presented. No complications associated with the establishment and functioning of the jejunostoma were observed. At the same time the jejunostoma makes possible a rapid diagnosis of certain complications and their conservative treatment without laparotomy. The results of the observation have evidenced that early dosed loading of the digestive tract promotes its more rapid adaptation to new functional conditions.

[Energy expenditure in patients receiving parenteral feeding in the early postoperative period after surgical interventions on the large intestine]. / Energotraty bol'nykh, nakhodivshikhsia na parenteral'nom pitanii v rannem posleoperatsionnom periode posle khirurgicheskikh vmeshatel'stv na tolstoi kishke.

Indirect calorimetry was used to study the basal metabolism and energy expenditure at rest in 31 patients aged 20-80 years, on day 2 after surgery on the large intestine. It was found that the basal metabolism was increased by 13% in 64.5% of the patients (group 1) and decreased by the same value in the rest patients (group 2). The fluctuation range of energy expenditure in some patients of group 1 was from 1000 to 3400 kcal, in those of group 2, from 500 to 2000 kcal. The respiratory guotient in both groups was about 0.7. The direct measurement of energy expenditure at the early postoperational period would aid in proper rationing energy components in the total volume of the parenteral nutrition of operated on patients.

[Protein metabolism in obesity patients]. / Sostoianie belkovogo obmena u bol'nykh ozhireniem.

Protein metabolism was studied in patients with alimentary obesity. It was found that the reduction of excessive body weight under the action of a complex of measures, including dietetics, exercise therapy and physiotherapy, induced positive shifts in the amino acid spectrum of blood. The blood serum creatinine content and urinary excretion of creatinine and creatine remained unchanged. The nitrogenous balance was maintained even in cases of highly restricted diets.

[Nitrogen balance of children with fistulae of the small intestine kept on a diet with a protein enteral feeding formula]. / Issledovanie azotistogo balansa u detei so svishchami tonkoi kishki pri vkliuchenii v ratsion belkovogo énpita.

Sixteen children with small bowel fistulas receiving hospital diets and 9 children with the same condition kept on the diets including products for enteral nutrition were examined over time. The use of the hospital diets alone brought about the lowering of the patients' body weight, high protein excretion via fistulas, negative nitrogenous balance, and protracted clinical course of the disease. After the patients were placed on the diet including products for enteral nutrition, the protein content amounting up to 50%, the body weight gain, a 2-times reduction in protein losses with the chyme, establishment of the positive nitrogenous balance, increase in the total blood protein, and a more favourable clinical course of the disease were recorded.

[Prophylactic effect of enteral feeding preparations during the chemotherapy of oncology patients]. / Profilakticheskoe vliianie énpitov pri khimioterapii onkologicheskikh bol'nykh.

Altogether 124 patients were followed up for disseminated breast cancer (82) and hematosarcoma (42). The patients were divided into two groups: the main group was given 500 ml of 20% protein or low-lactose enteral feeding in addition to the hospital diet; the control group received only the hospital diet. Chemotherapy lasted 3 weeks. The patients on chemotherapy received enteral feeding every day throughout the entire treatment period. In the course of treatment, the patients were examined for blood characteristics, size of the tumor and affected lymph nodes, body weight, major metabolism, protein metabolism, vitamin metabolism, osmotic and peroxide resistance of red cells, and liver function. The research program covered more than 150 characteristics. The data obtained were processed by computer. It has been disclosed that inclusion of protein and low-lactose enteral feeding into the diet of cancer patients improves the alimentary status, decreases the leukopenia and thrombocytopenia incidence. It is advisable that specialized milk concentrates (enteral feeding) should be included into the diet of cancer patients as a necessary component of a complex of therapeutic measures used during chemotherapy.

[Endogenous nitrogen losses in rats fed by intravenous and enteral routes]. / Endogennye poteri azota u krys v usloviiakh vnutrivennogo i vnutrizheludochnogo pitaniia.

Endogenous losses of nitrogen were studied under the feeding with isocaloric mixtures containing glucose, polycose, mineral substances, and vitamins. At the end of the first week endogenous losses of nitrogen with urine and feces under both routes of feeding were higher than at the end of the second week of nitrogen-free feeding. Upon intravenous feeding the nitrogen-saving action of the mixture containing glucose was more remarkable at the end of the second week than that of the mixture containing glucose and fatty emulsion. Endogenous losses of nitrogen upon intravenous feeding with a mixture containing fatty emulsion and glucose and losses upon intragastric feeding with a mixture of fatty emulsion and polycose were similar at the end of the second week.

[Protein enpit in feeding of patients after surgery on the stomach]. / Belkovyi énpit v pitanii bol'nykh posle operatsii na zheludke.

Thirty-six patients operated on for peptic ulcer or pyloric stenosis received protein or low-lactose enpit via a probe in the early postoperative period. Twenty-four patients responded well to the intraintestinal nutrition, 6 patients satisfactorily, while the remaining 6 manifested dyspeptic disorders because of dynamic intestinal obstruction. In the control group (given beef-extract broth or decoction of dried apricots), 2 of the 13 subjects had phenomena of intestinal paresis. The nitrogenous balance in the patients given enpits was close to the state of equilibrium, whereas in the controls it was markedly negative. Enpit was found to be assimilable up to 92-95%. The authors discuss the importance of the level of protein and energy supply for reparative processes in the early postoperative period, the quality of the protein and specificity of caseins.