Implementation of REDCap mobile app in an oral HIV clinical study.

BACKGROUND: In Peru, HIV cases are highly concentrated among men who have sex with men (MSM). Despite the availability of anti-retroviral therapy, people living with HIV (PWH) have higher levels of oral diseases. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is significantly present among PWH. Our overarching goal was to generate foundational evidence on the association of AUD and oral health in MSM with HIV and enhance research capacity for future intersectional research on AUD, oral health and HIV. Our specific aim was to implement an on-site electronic data collection system through the use of a REDCap Mobile App in a low-middle income country (LMIC) setting. METHODS: Five validated surveys were utilized to gather data on demographics, medical history, HIV status, alcohol use, HIV stigma, perceived oral health status, and dietary supplement use. These surveys were developed in REDCap and deployed with the REDCap Mobile App, which was installed on ten iPads across two medical HIV clinics in Lima, Peru. REDCap app as well as the protocol for data collection were calibrated with feedback from trial participants and clinical research staff to improve clinical efficiency and participant experience. RESULTS: The mean age of participants (n = 398) was 35.94 ± 9.13y, of which 98.5% identified as male, and 85.7% identified as homosexual. 78.1% of participants binge drank, and 12.3% reported being heavy drinkers. After pilot testing, significant modifications to the structure and layout of the surveys were performed to improve efficiency and flow. The app was successfully deployed to replace cumbersome paper records and collected data was directly stored in a REDCap database. CONCLUSIONS: The REDCap Mobile App was successfully used due to its ability to: (a) capture and store data offline, (b) timely translate between multiple languages on the mobile app interface, and (c) provide user-friendly interface with low associated costs and ample support. TRIAL REGISTRATION: 1R56DE029639-01.

[The electronic cigarette: an emerging public health problem]. / El cigarrillo electrónico: un problema de salud pública emergente.

Since 2004, the electronic cigarette (EC) is available, a device that heats nicotine and administers it as part of a vapor. We present a narrative review of the EC and its effect on health. Its use is to stop smoking, in which the evidence is low, and ends up being used at the same time as the cigarette they could not quit. In addition, those who never smoked, mainly teenagers and young people, begin consumption. Its use rais es the levels of nicotine, particles, volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, carbo nyls and metals such as aluminum. In vitro, the EC causes inflammation, oxidative stress and is toxic to multiple cell types, including lung, endothelial and stem cells. Produces increased susceptibility to viral and bacterial infections. Compared to cigarettes, the EC produces a larger and more intense number of deleted genes. At bronchoscopy the airways are friable and erythematous, and the bronchial epithelium with a differentiated protein expression. It has been associated with cough, bronchitis symptoms and the respiratory failure by pneumonitis epidemic that has led several dozen people to death. Because of its harmful effects, the EC should only be used by medical prescription, as a measure to help quit tobacco, and its use in indoor and public environments be prohibited. As the EC components responsible for the associated deaths have not been determined, their use should be banned until these factors are known.

Desde el 2004 se dispone del cigarrillo electrónico (CE), dispositivo que calienta nicotina y la administra formando parte de un vapor. Presentamos una revisión narrativa del CE y su efecto en la salud. Su uso es para dejar de fumar, en lo que la evidencia es baja, terminando usándolo a la vez que el cigarrillo que no pudieron dejar. Además, los que nunca fumaron, principalmente adolescentes y jóvenes, se inician en su consumo. Su uso eleva en el aire los niveles de nicotina, partículas, compuestos orgánicos volátiles, hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos, carbonilos y metales como aluminio. In vitro el CE causa infla mación, estrés oxidativo y es tóxico para múltiples tipos de células, incluyendo células pulmonares, en doteliales y células madre. Produce incremento de la susceptibilidad a infecciones virales y bacterianas. Comparado con cigarrillos, el CE produce un número mayor y más intenso de genes suprimidos. A la broncoscopia las vías aéreas están friables y eritematosas, y el epitelio bronquial con expresión diferen ciada de proteínas. Se le ha asociado con tos, síntomas de bronquitis y con la epidemia de insuficiencia respiratoria por neumonitis que ha llevado a varias decenas de personas a la muerte. Por sus efectos dañinos el CE debería solo usarse por prescripción médica, como una medida para ayudar a dejar el tabaco, y estar prohibido su uso en interiores y ambientes públicos. Como no se han determinado los componentes del CE responsables de las muertes asociadas, su uso debería ser proscrito hasta que se conozcan cuáles son estos factores.

[Ectopic thoracic pancreas]. / Pá ncreas ectópico torá cico.

We present the case of a 38-year-old man who eighteen years before for having chest pain went diagnosed as hydatid cyst. It was confirmed in multislice spiral tomography (TEM) that it had a heterogeneous mass of liquid content, with partially calcified walls located in the anterior mediastinum. It was removed, being the diagnosis, by the presence of groups of acinar cells and ducts with pancreatic appearance, panqueratin and CD68 positive, of a mediastinal ectopic pancreas. A case has never been reported in Peru and in medical literature it would be the thirty-first reported case of intrathoracic ectopic pancreas.

El cigarrillo electrónico: un problema de salud pública emergente / The electronic cigarette: an emerging public health problem

RESUMEN Desde el 2004 se dispone del cigarrillo electrónico (CE), dispositivo que calienta nicotina y la administra formando parte de un vapor. Presentamos una revisión narrativa del CE y su efecto en la salud. Su uso es para dejar de fumar, en lo que la evidencia es baja, terminando usándolo a la vez que el cigarrillo que no pudieron dejar. Además, los que nunca fumaron, principalmente adolescentes y jóvenes, se inician en su consumo. Su uso eleva en el aire los niveles de nicotina, partículas, compuestos orgánicos volátiles, hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos, carbonilos y metales como aluminio. In vitro el CE causa infla mación, estrés oxidativo y es tóxico para múltiples tipos de células, incluyendo células pulmonares, en doteliales y células madre. Produce incremento de la susceptibilidad a infecciones virales y bacterianas. Comparado con cigarrillos, el CE produce un número mayor y más intenso de genes suprimidos. A la broncoscopia las vías aéreas están friables y eritematosas, y el epitelio bronquial con expresión diferen ciada de proteínas. Se le ha asociado con tos, síntomas de bronquitis y con la epidemia de insuficiencia respiratoria por neumonitis que ha llevado a varias decenas de personas a la muerte. Por sus efectos dañinos el CE debería solo usarse por prescripción médica, como una medida para ayudar a dejar el tabaco, y estar prohibido su uso en interiores y ambientes públicos. Como no se han determinado los componentes del CE responsables de las muertes asociadas, su uso debería ser proscrito hasta que se conozcan cuáles son estos factores.

ABSTRACT Since 2004, the electronic cigarette (EC) is available, a device that heats nicotine and administers it as part of a vapor. We present a narrative review of the EC and its effect on health. Its use is to stop smoking, in which the evidence is low, and ends up being used at the same time as the cigarette they could not quit. In addition, those who never smoked, mainly teenagers and young people, begin consumption. Its use rais es the levels of nicotine, particles, volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, carbo nyls and metals such as aluminum. In vitro, the EC causes inflammation, oxidative stress and is toxic to multiple cell types, including lung, endothelial and stem cells. Produces increased susceptibility to viral and bacterial infections. Compared to cigarettes, the EC produces a larger and more intense number of deleted genes. At bronchoscopy the airways are friable and erythematous, and the bronchial epithelium with a differentiated protein expression. It has been associated with cough, bronchitis symptoms and the respiratory failure by pneumonitis epidemic that has led several dozen people to death. Because of its harmful effects, the EC should only be used by medical prescription, as a measure to help quit tobacco, and its use in indoor and public environments be prohibited. As the EC components responsible for the associated deaths have not been determined, their use should be banned until these factors are known.

Páncreas ectópico torácico / Ectopic thoracic páncreas

RESUMEN Presentamos el caso de un varón de 38 años a quien por presentar dolor torácico se le hizo dieciocho años antes el diagnóstico de quiste hidatídico. Se confirmó en la tomografía espiral multicorte (TEM) que tenía una masa heterogénea de contenido líquido, con paredes parcialmente calcificadas localizada en el mediastino anterior. Se la extirpó, siendo el diagnóstico, por la presencia de grupos de células acinares y de conductos con apariencia pancreática, panqueratina y CD68 positivos, de un páncreas ectópico mediastinal. Nunca se ha reportado un caso en el Perú y en la literatura médica éste sería el trigésimo primer caso reportado de páncreas ectópico intratorácico.

ABSTRACT We present the case of a 38-year-old man who eighteen years before for having chest pain went diagnosed as hydatid cyst. It was confirmed in multislice spiral tomography (TEM) that it had a heterogeneous mass of liquid content, with partially calcified walls located in the anterior mediastinum. It was removed, being the diagnosis, by the presence of groups of acinar cells and ducts with pancreatic appearance, panqueratin and CD68 positive, of a mediastinal ectopic pancreas. A case has never been reported in Peru and in medical literature it would be the thirty-first reported case of intrathoracic ectopic pancreas.

Feasibility of the string test for tuberculosis diagnosis in children between 4 and 14 years old.

BACKGROUND: The enteric string test can be used to obtain a specimen for microbiological confirmation of tuberculosis in children, but it is not widely used for this. The aim of this analysis to evaluate this approach in children with tuberculosis symptoms. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess children's ability to complete the test (feasibility), and self-reported pain (tolerability). We examined caregivers' and children's willingness to repeat the procedure (acceptability) and described the diagnostic yield of cultures for diagnostic tools. We stratified estimates by age and compared metrics to those derived for gastric aspirate (GA). RESULTS: Among 148 children who attempted the string test, 34% successfully swallowed the capsule. Feasibility was higher among children aged 11-14 than in children 4-10 years (83% vs 22% respectively, p < 0.0001). The string test was better tolerated than GA in both age groups; however, guardians and older children reported higher rates of willingness to repeat GA than the string test (86% vs. 58% in children; 100% vs. 83% in guardians). In 9 children with a positive sputum culture, 6 had a positive string culture. The one children with a positive gastric aspirate culture also had a positive string culture. CONCLUSION: Although the string test was generally tolerable and accepted by children and caregivers; feasibility in young children was low. Reducing the capsule size may improve test success rates in younger children.

Características clínicas y anatomo-patológicas de las pacientes que ingresaron al Programa de Control de Tuberculosis con diagnóstico de tuberculosis de mama / Clinical and pathological features of patients treated at the tuberculosis control program with the diagnosis of breast tuberculosis

Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas y anatomo-patológicas de pacientes que ingresaron con diagnóstico de TB de mama al Programa de control de Tuberculosis (PCT) de un hospital general. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron los casos registrados en el PCT como TB de mama en cuyo informe anatomo-patológico figuraba inflamación crónica granulomatosa. Se revisaron las historias clínicas y revaluaron las biopsias de mama. Resultados: Se incluyeron 69 mujeres con edad promedio 35,79 ± 7,94 años. Las manifestaciones más frecuentes fueron presencia de nódulo (89,86%), dolor (89,86%) y signos inflamatorios (40,58%). La revaluación de la biopsia mostró granulomas de tipo supurado, con células gigantes multinucleadas tipo Langhans y cuerpo extraño, sin necrosis caseosa, localizados a nivel de la unidad ducto lobular (UDL) y extra-UDL en 85,51 % de los casos. Solo en 3 casos se observó bacilos ácido alcohol resistente en la secreción o tejido de mama. Todos los casos recibieron tratamiento antituberculoso. Treinta y ocho casos tuvieron seguimiento, de ellos 73,68% presentó persistencia o recurrencia al menos un mes después del inicio de tratamiento antituberculoso. Conclusiones: Todos los casos del estudio fueron mujeres, la mayoría presentaron nódulo, dolor o signos de inflamación en mama, sin síntomas o signos sistémicos y con presencia de granulomas supurados, sin necrosis caseosa. A pesar de recibir tratamiento antituberculoso en todos los casos, cerca del 75% con seguimiento de al menos un mes presentaron persistencia o recurrencia clínica. (AU)

Objective: To describe clinical and pathological features of patients treated at the tuberculosis (TB) control program (TCP) with the diagnosis of breast TB in a general hospital. Methods: Patients registered at the TCP with the pathological diagnosis of chronic granulomatous mastitis were included. Clinical and pathological slides were reviewed. Results: A total of 69 women were included; mean age was 35.79 ± 7.94 years of age. The most common clinical manifestations were a nodular lesion (89.96%), pain (89.96%) and inflammatory signs (4058%). Reevaluation of biopsies showed suppurated granulomas with Langhans´ multinucleated giant cells without caseuous necrosis located at the duct-lobular (DL) and extra DL areas in 85.1% of cases. Acid-fast bacilli were seen in only 3 cases. All cases received anti TB treatment. Thirty-eight patients had follow-up, 73.68% of them had recurrence or persistence at least one month after starting anti TB treatment. Conclusions: Nodular lesions with pain and inflammatory signs in absence of systemic symptoms, and suppurated granulomas without caseuous necrosis were the most frequent findings. Despite receiving anti TB treatment, almost 75% of patients with follow-up had persistence or clinical recurrence. (AU)