ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: In order to reduce parental violence against children, it is necessary to establish risk factors associated with maltreatment of children in different societies. This study aims to evaluate the impact of mother-child characteristics on self-reported mother's maltreatment (physical or emotional abuse) against pre-school children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The general characteristics of mother-infant pairs and maternal knowledge and attitudes about violence were taken using a questionnaire at routine child health supervision. Overall, 244 mother-infant pairs were enrolled and mothers described their child as easy-going (27.0%), normal (61.1%), and naughty (11.9%). RESULTS: Of all mothers, 32.8% had been exposed to violence in their childhood. According to maternal self-reports, 82.4% of the mothers abused their children emotionally and 24.6% physically. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that older child age, naughty or normal defined child, maternal exposure to violence during her childhood period were identified as predictors. Older child age, breastfeeding for less than 6 months, and naughty-defined child were associated with elevated odds ratio of physical abuse; however, those with a chronic disease were less likely to be abused. CONCLUSION: Pediatricians should be aware of the fact that older preschool children, being breastfed for less than 6 months, and naughty children could be at risk for victimization.
ABSTRACT
Hypercalcemia is a rare complication of hematological malignancy in children. An 8-year-old girl with CALLA (+) Pre-B-cell ALL developed hypercalcemia during bone marrow relapse. She had nausea, vomiting, leg pain, polyuria, polydipsia, and muscle weakness. At the time of relapse, the ionized calcium level was 1.99 mmol/L. Rehydration with 0.9% saline and furosemide and methylprednisolone (MP) treatment were used for the treatment of hypercalcemia. The serum ionized calcium level increased to 2.2 mmol/L despite hydration, furosemide, and MP treatment. Then, a single-dose pamidronate (1 mg/kg/dose) was administered. Despite pamidronate treatment, the calcium level continued to rise. Next, calcitonin at a dose of 8 IU/kg/dose, 4 doses per day, was added to the treatment. After commencement of calcitonin treatment, her ionized calcium level decreased to normal reference ranges. In conclusion, because of the postponed effect of bisphosphonate treatment, pamidronate and calcitonin combination is an effective treatment option in the early resolution of malignancy-related hypercalcemia.
