Interstitial Lung Disease With Respiratory Failure After COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination.

A septuagenarian woman developed dyspnea on the day following a fifth vaccination. Just before vaccination, a chest X-ray showed no abnormalities, but after the fifth vaccination, bilateral diffuse ground-glass opacities were detected. Bronchoalveolar lavage revealed a lymphocyte predominance and transbronchial lung biopsy revealed growth of the alveolar epithelium, along with organized polypoid granulation tissues in the alveolar ducts and bronchioles. Despite the administration of corticosteroids, imaging revealed persistent fibrosis, and she required long-term oxygen therapy. Although recent reports indicated that corticosteroids are effective for drug-induced interstitial lung disease related to COVID-19 mRNA vaccination, this case presented a somewhat different clinical manifestation.

Opportunities to improve goat production and food security in Botswana through forage nutrition and the use of supplemental feeds.

Goats fulfil a central role in food and nutritional security across Africa with over half of households owning or rearing goats in rural areas. However, goat performance is poor and mortality high. This study assessed the nutritional quality of commonly used feeds and proposes feed-baskets to enhance goat nutrition and health. Feeds were collected from 11 areas within the Central District of Botswana, and macronutrient analyses were conducted, including crude protein, fibre fractions, ash, and metabolizable energy (ME). Forage nutrition was compared across seasons and soil types. Additionally, seasonal supplementation trials were conducted to evaluate consumption rates of various supplements, including crop residues, pellets, Lablab purpureus, and Dichrostachys cinerea. Each supplement was provided ad libitum for a 24-h period, and consumption rates determined. Findings revealed significant differences in nutrition among various feed sources, across seasons, and in relation to soil types (p < 0.001). Consumption rates of supplements were higher during the dry season, possibly due to reduced forage availability. Supplement consumption rates varied across supplement type, with crop residues accounting for approximately 1% of dry matter intake, compared to up to 45% for pellets, 13% for L. purpureus, and 15% for D. cinerea. While wet season feed baskets exhibited higher ME values compared to dry-season feed-baskets, the relative impact of supplementation was more pronounced during the dry season. These results highlight the potential for optimizing goat diets through improved grazing and browsing management, especially during the reduced nutritional availability in the dry season in Botswana. Such diet optimisation may improve goat health and productivity, which may positively impact the food and financial security of smallholders by providing both increased yields and increased resilience. Importantly, rural communities can experience some of the lowest food security levels in the region. The interventions explored in this study utilise natural capital, often freely available, which can be deployed through existing husbandry systems, potentially making them accessible and practical to smallholders.

Modeling of a tissue expander with a radiofrequency identification port in postmastectomy radiation therapy planning.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dose attenuation of Motiva Flora® (Flora, Establishment Labs, Alajuela, Costa Rica) tissue expander with a radiofrequency identification port locator and to develop a model for accurate postmastectomy radiation therapy planning. Dose attenuation was measured using an EBT3 film (Ashland, Bridgewater, NJ), and the optimal material and density assignment for the radiofrequency identification coil for dose calculation were investigated using the AcurosXB algorithm on the Eclipse (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA) treatment planning system. Additionally, we performed in vivo dosimetry analysis using irradiation tangential to the Flora tissue expander to validate the modeling accuracy. Dose attenuations downstream of the Flora radiofrequency identification coil was 1.29% for a 6 MV X-ray and 0.99% for a 10 MV X-ray when the coil was placed perpendicular to the beam. The most suitable assignments for the material and density of the radiofrequency identification coil were aluminum and 2.27 g/cm3, respectively, even though the coil was actually made of copper. Gamma analysis of in vivo dosimetry with criteria of 3% and 2 mm did not fail in the coil region. Therefore, we conclude that the model is reasonable for clinical use.

Prevalence of Plastic and Hardware Foreign Bodies among Goats at Malawi Markets.

Smallholder goat production plays a major role in rural livelihoods and food security in Malawi, but suffers from drastic and unpredictable production losses. While goat production is closely linked to small-scale local markets for slaughter and butchering, the perspectives of butchers and their potential as a source of animal health information are largely untapped. Butchers can provide insights into goat health status at slaughter as well as issues that go unseen before slaughter, such as the presence of indigestible foreign bodies (IFBs). IFBs include solid materials such as plastics and hardware (metals, stones, and other hard objects) that cause foreign body syndrome and can lead to impaction, oedema, malnutrition, and death. To estimate the presence of IFBs, 150 market stand butchers were surveyed across five districts in Malawi, focusing on a distinction between hardware and single-use plastics, which are still widely present in Malawi despite bans on production. Most butchers found plastic IFBs (80.7%), with over half (56.7%) reporting plastic IFBs recently among the past five slaughters. Hardware IFBs were less common, reported by 45.3% of butchers. While some butchers commented on the impact of IFBs on meat quality metrics ex-post, the majority observed no differences. While butchers unanimously considered health to be an important characteristic when sourcing goats, 70.7% consider injury status to be less important or not important. Overall, this study highlights the issue of anthropogenic waste pollution on goat production in Malawi and demonstrates the potential for the surveillance of goat health at market.

Stem water potential estimation from images using a field noise-robust deep regression-based approach in peach trees.

Field-grown peach trees are large and have a complex branch structure; therefore, detection of water deficit stress from images is challenging. We obtained large datasets of images of field-grown peach trees with continuous values of stem water potential (Ψstem) through partial secession treatment of the base of branches to change the water status of the branches. The total number of images as frames extracted from videos of branches was 23,181, 6743, and 10,752, in the training, validation, and test datasets, respectively. These datasets enabled us to precisely model water deficit stress using a deep-learning-regression model. The predicted Ψstem of frames belonging to a single branch showed a Gaussian distribution, and the coefficient of determination between the measured and predicted values of Ψstem increased to 0.927 by averaging the predicted values of the frames in each video. This method of averaging the predicted values of frames in each video can automatically eliminate noise and summarize data into the representative value of a tree and is considered to be robust for the diagnosis of water deficit stress in large field-grown peach trees with a complex branch structure.

Are single global warming potential impact assessments adequate for carbon footprints of agri-food systems?

The vast majority of agri-food climate-based sustainability analyses use global warming potential (GWP100) as an impact assessment, usually in isolation; however, in recent years, discussions have criticised the 'across-the-board' application of GWP100 in Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs), particularly of food systems which generate large amounts of methane (CH4) and considered whether reporting additional and/or alternative metrics may be more applicable to certain circumstances or research questions (e.g. Global Temperature Change Potential (GTP)). This paper reports a largescale sensitivity analysis using a pasture-based beef production system (a high producer of CH4 emissions) as an exemplar to compare various climatatic impact assessments: CO2-equivalents using GWP100 and GTP100, and 'CO2-warming-equivalents' using 'GWP Star', or GWP*. The inventory for this system was compiled using data from the UK Research and Innovation National Capability, the North Wyke Farm Platform, in Devon, SW England. LCAs can have an important bearing on: (i) policymakers' decisions; (ii) farmer management decisions; (iii) consumers' purchasing habits; and (iv) wider perceptions of whether certain activities can be considered 'sustainable' or not; it is, therefore, the responsibility of LCA practitioners and scientists to ensure that subjective decisions are tested as robustly as possible through appropriate sensitivity and uncertainty analyses. We demonstrate herein that the choice of climate impact assessment has dramatic effects on interpretation, with GWP100 and GTP100 producing substantially different results due to their different treatments of CH4 in the context of carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalents. Given its dynamic nature and previously proven strong correspondence with climate models, out of the three assessments covered, GWP* provides the most complete coverage of the temporal evolution of temperature change for different greenhouse gas emissions. We extend previous discussions on the limitations of static emission metrics and encourage LCA practitioners to consider due care and attention where additional information or dynamic approaches may prove superior, scientifically speaking, particularly in cases of decision support.

Low-cost molecular methods to characterise gastrointestinal nematode co-infections of goats in Africa.

BACKGROUND: Veterinary diagnostics aid intervention strategies, track zoonoses, and direct selective breeding programs in livestock. In ruminants, gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) parasites are a major cause of production losses, but morphologically similar species limit our understanding of how specific GIN co-infections impact health in resource-limited settings. To estimate the presence and relative abundance of GINs and other helminths at the species level, we sought to develop a low-cost and low-resource molecular toolkit applied to goats from rural Malawi smallholdings. METHODS: Goats were subjected to health scoring and faecal sampling on smallholdings in Lilongwe district, Malawi. Infection intensities were estimated by faecal nematode egg counts with a faecal subsample desiccated for DNA analysis. Two DNA extraction methods were tested (low-resource magbead kit vs high-resource spin-column kit), with resulting DNA screened by endpoint polymerase chain reaction (PCR), semi-quantitative PCR, quantitative PCR (qPCR), high-resolution melt curve analysis (HRMC), and 'nemabiome' internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2) amplicon sequencing. RESULTS: Both DNA isolation methods yielded comparable results despite poorer DNA purity and faecal contaminant carryover from the low-resource magbead method. GINs were detected in 100% of samples regardless of infection intensity. Co-infections with GINs and coccidia (Eimeria spp.) were present in most goats, with GIN populations dominated by Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Trichostrongylus axei, and Oesophagostomum columbianum. Both multiplex PCR and qPCR were highly predictive of GIN species proportions obtained using nemabiome amplicon sequencing; however, HRMC was less reliable than PCR in predicting the presence of particular species. CONCLUSIONS: These data represent the first 'nemabiome' sequencing of GINs from naturally infected smallholder goats in Africa and show the variable nature of GIN co-infections between individual animals. A similar level of granularity was detected by semi-quantitative PCR methods, which provided an accurate summary of species composition. Assessing GIN co-infections is therefore possible using cost-efficient low-resource DNA extraction and PCR approaches that can increase the capacity of molecular resources in areas where sequencing platforms are not available; and also open the door to affordable molecular GIN diagnostics. Given the diverse nature of infections in livestock and wildlife, these approaches have potential for disease surveillance in other areas.

Treatment planning comparison of high-dose-rate brachytherapy vs. robotic and conventional stereotactic body radiotherapy for ultrahypofractionated treatment of prostate cancer.

Background and purpose: Ultrahypofractionated radiation therapy is increasingly used in the treatment of prostate cancer. High-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) are representative methods of ultrahypofractionation. This study was performed to compare clinically applied treatment plans for patients who had been treated using HDR-BT vs. conventional or robotic SBRT. Materials and methods: Calculated dose-volume indices between HDR-BT without a perirectal spacer (n = 20), robotic SBRT without a spacer (n = 40), and conventional (non-robotic) SBRT with a spacer (n = 40) were compared. Percentages against the prescription dose regarding the planning target volume (PTV), bladder, rectum, and urethra were statistically compared. Results: The D50% of the PTV with HDR-BT (140.5% ± 4.9%) was significantly higher than that with robotic or conventional SBRT (116.2% ± 1.6%, 101.0% ± 0.4%, p < 0.01). The D2cm3 of the bladder with HDR-BT (65.6% ± 6.4%) was significantly lower than those with SBRT (105.3% ± 2.9%, 98.0% ± 1.3%, p < 0.01). The D2cm3 of the rectum with HDR-BT (60.6% ± 6.2%) was also significantly lower than those with SBRT (85.1% ± 8.8%, 70.4% ± 9.6%, p < 0.01). By contrast, the D0.1cm3 of the urethra with HDR-BT (117.1% ± 3.6%) was significantly higher than those with SBRT (100.2% ± 0.7%, 104.5% ± 0.6%, p < 0.01). Conclusions: HDR-BT could administer a higher dose to the PTV and a lower dose to the bladder and rectum, at the cost of a slightly higher dose to the urethra compared with SBRT.

Arable soil nitrogen dynamics reflect organic inputs via the extended composite phenotype.

Achieving food security requires resilient agricultural systems with improved nutrient-use efficiency, optimized water and nutrient storage in soils, and reduced gaseous emissions. Success relies on understanding coupled nitrogen and carbon metabolism in soils, their associated influences on soil structure and the processes controlling nitrogen transformations at scales relevant to microbial activity. Here we show that the influence of organic matter on arable soil nitrogen transformations can be decoded by integrating metagenomic data with soil structural parameters. Our approach provides a mechanistic explanation of why organic matter is effective in reducing nitrous oxide losses while supporting system resilience. The relationship between organic carbon, soil-connected porosity and flow rates at scales relevant to microbes suggests that important increases in nutrient-use efficiency could be achieved at lower organic carbon stocks than currently envisaged.

Behavior of Male Gamete Fusogen GCS1/HAP2 and the Regulation in Arabidopsis Double Fertilization.

In the sexual reproduction of flowering plants, two independent fertilization events occur almost simultaneously: two identical sperm cells fuse with either the egg cell or the central cell, resulting in embryo and endosperm development to produce a seed. GCS1/HAP2 is a sperm cell membrane protein essential for plasma membrane fusion with both female gametes. Other sperm membrane proteins, DMP8 and DMP9, are more important for egg cell fertilization than that of the central cell, suggesting its regulatory mechanism in GCS1/HAP2-driving gamete membrane fusion. To assess the GCS1/HAP2 regulatory cascade in the double fertilization system of flowering plants, we produced Arabidopsis transgenic lines expressing different GCS1/HAP2 variants and evaluated the fertilization in vivo. The fertilization pattern observed in GCS1_RNAi transgenic plants implied that sperm cells over the amount of GCS1/HAP2 required for fusion on their surface could facilitate membrane fusion with both female gametes. The cytological analysis of the dmp8dmp9 sperm cell arrested alone in an embryo sac supported GCS1/HAP2 distribution on the sperm surface. Furthermore, the fertilization failures with both female gametes were caused by GCS1/HAP2 secretion from the egg cell. These results provided a possible scenario of GCS1/HAP2 regulation, showing a potential scheme for capturing additional GCS1/HAP2-interacting proteins.

Outcomes of adult patients with early T-cell precursor (ETP) acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (ALL) and non-ETP T-ALL.

Early T-cell precursor (ETP) acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (ALL) is generally considered to be a high-risk subtype. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical outcomes of adult patients diagnosed with ETP-ALL or other T-cell ALL (non-ETP T-ALL). The subjects were 82 patients (ETP-ALL: n = 18, non-ETP T-ALL: n = 64) for whom relevant immunophenotype data needed for classification were available. ETP-ALL patients were older (median age, 50.5 vs. 33.5 years, P = 0.042) and had less mediastinal involvement (27.8 vs. 73.4%, P < 0.001). The rate of complete remission (CR) with the first induction therapy was significantly lower in the ETP group (33.3 vs. 64.0%, P = 0.03), but the CR rate within 2 cycles of chemotherapy did not differ significantly (61.1 vs. 76.6%, P = 0.232). The 3-year overall survival (OS) rate was also similar in both groups (43.2 vs. 45.8%, P = 0.992). The ETP phenotype had no impact on survival in the transplant group or the non-transplant group. A multivariate analysis identified the male sex as a poor prognostic factor (HR: 4.43, P < 0.01), but not the immunophenotype of ETP. The prognosis for adult patients with ETP-ALL was comparable to that of non-ETP T-ALL patients. However, further studies aimed at improving the remission rate for ETP-ALL are needed.

Translating and applying a simulation model to enhance understanding of grassland management.

Each new generation of grassland managers could benefit from an improved understanding of how modification of nitrogen application and harvest dates in response to different weather and soil conditions will affect grass yields and quality. The purpose of this study was to develop a freely available grass yield simulation model, validated for England and Wales, and to examine its strengths and weaknesses as a teaching tool for improving grass management. The model, called LINGRA-N-Plus, was implemented in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and iteratively evaluated by students and practitioners (farmers, consultants, and researchers) in a series of workshops across the UK over 2 years. The iterative feedback led to the addition of new algorithms, an improved user interface, and the development of a teaching guide. The students and practitioners identified the ease of use and the capacity to understand, visualize and evaluate how decisions, such as variation of cutting intervals, affect grass yields as strengths of the model. We propose that an effective teaching tool must achieve an appropriate balance between being sufficiently detailed to demonstrate the major relationships (e.g., the effect of nitrogen on grass yields) whilst not becoming so complex that the relationships become incomprehensible. We observed that improving the user-interface allowed us to extend the scope of the model without reducing the level of comprehension. The students appeared to be interested in the explanatory nature of the model whilst the practitioners were more interested in the application of a validated model to enhance their decision making.

Dosimetric comparison between three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy followed by electron beam boost and volumetric modulated arc therapy using concomitant boost for the heart and cardiac segments in patients with left-sided breast cancer at risk for radiation-induced cardiac toxicity.

PURPOSE: We aimed to compare dosimetric parameters between three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy followed by electron beam boost (3D-CRT + EB) and volumetric modulated arc therapy using simultaneous integrated boost (SIB-VMAT) in left-sided breast cancer patients. METHODS: This study included 57 patients with left-sided breast cancer who underwent SIB-VMAT. All patients had a computed tomography-based maximum heart distance of ≥ 1 cm and were prescribed a dose of 42.56 Gy/16 fractions to the planning target volume and a concomitant-boosted target dose of 53.2 Gy or 51.2 Gy. The 3D-CRT + EB plan was retrospectively created for the purpose of comparison using tangential fields with field-in-field technique followed by electron beam irradiation. RESULTS: The doses to the clinical target volume significantly improved in the SIB-VMAT plans. All dosimetric parameters for the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and LAD middle position (LAD mid) in the SIB-VMAT plans were significantly lower than those for 3D-CRT + EB plans (P < 0.01), while the doses to the heart, lung, contralateral breast and non-target tissue were decreased in the 3D-CRT + EB plans compared with those in the SIB-VMAT plans (e.g., 1.9 Gy vs. 2.9 Gy; P < 0.001 for the mean dose of heart). CONCLUSIONS: SIB-VMAT significantly improved the dose to the target while reducing the doses to the LAD and LAD mid, whereas 3D-CRT + EB significantly decreased the doses to the heart and other organs at risk in patients with left-sided breast cancer at risk for radiation-induced coronary artery disease.

Data describing cattle performance and feed characteristics to calculate enteric methane emissions in smallholder livestock systems in Bomet County, Kenya.

This dataset describes the performance of cattle in smallholder livestock systems of Bomet county in western Kenya. Information on live weight, milk production and quality, herd dynamics, and other production parameters were collected from field visits. Animals were weighed on scales; milk yield was recorded using a Mazzican® milk collection and transport vessel provided to each farm and milk was analyzed for butterfat content (%). Pasture biomass yield was determined, and feed samples collected for each agro-ecological zone and nutrient composition was determined for nitrogen (N) using the Kjeldahl method and gross energy (GE) using a bomb calorimeter. Distance covered while grazing was determined using GPS collars fitted to several animals for three consecutive days per area. Enteric methane (CH4) emissions factors (EF) were estimated for five animal classes to develop site-specific EFs as per the Intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC) protocol. This dataset has the potential to be used, amongst other purposes, for animal-scale life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate the efficacy of various greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation options.

Quantifying the value of on-farm measurements to inform the selection of key performance indicators for livestock production systems.

The use of key performance indicators (KPIs) to assist on-farm decision making has long been seen as a promising strategy to improve operational efficiency of agriculture. The potential benefit of KPIs, however, is heavily dependent on the economic relevance of the metrics used, and an overabundance of ambiguously defined KPIs in the livestock industry has disincentivised many farmers to collect information beyond a minimum requirement. Using high-resolution sheep production data from the North Wyke Farm Platform, a system-scale grazing trial in southwest United Kingdom, this paper proposes a novel framework to quantify the information values of industry recommended KPIs, with the ultimate aim of compiling a list of variables to measure and not to measure. The results demonstrated a substantial financial benefit associated with a careful selection of metrics, with top-ranked variables exhibiting up to 3.5 times the information value of those randomly chosen. When individual metrics were used in isolation, ewe weight at lambing had the greatest ability to predict the subsequent lamb value at slaughter, surpassing all mid-season measures representing the lamb's own performance. When information from multiple metrics was combined to inform on-farm decisions, the peak benefit was observed under four metrics, with inclusion of variables beyond this point shown to be detrimental to farm profitability regardless of the combination selected. The framework developed herein is readily extendable to other livestock species, and with minimal modifications to arable and mixed agriculture as well.

Contrasting drivers and trends of ocean acidification in the subarctic Atlantic.

The processes of warming, anthropogenic CO2 (Canth) accumulation, decreasing pHT (increasing [H+]T; concentration in total scale) and calcium carbonate saturation in the subarctic zone of the North Atlantic are unequivocal in the time-series measurements of the Iceland (IS-TS, 1985-2003) and Irminger Sea (IRM-TS, 1983-2013) stations. Both stations show high rates of Canth accumulation with different rates of warming, salinification and stratification linked to regional circulation and dynamics. At the IS-TS, advected and stratified waters of Arctic origin drive a strong increase in [H+]T, in the surface layer, which is nearly halved in the deep layer (44.7 ± 3.6 and 25.5 ± 1.0 pmol kg-1 yr-1, respectively). In contrast, the weak stratification at the IRM-TS allows warming, salinification and Canth uptake to reach the deep layer. The acidification trends are even stronger in the deep layer than in the surface layer (44.2 ± 1.0 pmol kg-1 yr-1 and 32.6 ± 3.4 pmol kg-1 yr-1 of [H+]T, respectively). The driver analysis detects that warming contributes up to 50% to the increase in [H+]T at the IRM-TS but has a small positive effect on calcium carbonate saturation. The Canth increase is the main driver of the observed acidification, but it is partially dampened by the northward advection of water with a relatively low natural CO2 content.

Long-term endoscopic remission in Crohn's disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for diffuse large B cell lymphoma: case report and literature review.

A 31-year-old man with Crohn's disease in remission after 6-year treatment with infliximab developed nasopharyngeal diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Infliximab was discontinued, and complete remission was achieved following chemotherapy with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone. However, the patient subsequently experienced severely symptomatic Crohn's disease relapse. Therapy with adalimumab was initiated, and the patient attained remission. However, after 3 months, he suffered a recurrence of the lymphoma. Adalimumab was discontinued, and the patient received further chemotherapy (with rituximab, etoposide, cisplatin, methylprednisolone, and high-dose cytarabine) treatment and underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Following the procedure, Crohn's disease and lymphoma have remained in complete remission for 5 years. There are limited reports on Crohn's disease remission after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Therefore, we present this case report and a review of the existing literature on allogeneic stem cell transplantation for Crohn's disease.

Key traits for ruminant livestock across diverse production systems in the context of climate change: perspectives from a global platform of research farms.

Ruminant livestock are raised under diverse cultural and environmental production systems around the globe. Ruminant livestock can play a critical role in food security by supplying high-quality, nutrient-dense food with little or no competition for arable land while simultaneously improving soil health through vital returns of organic matter. However, in the context of climate change and limited land resources, the role of ruminant-based systems is uncertain because of their reputed low efficiency of feed conversion (kilogram of feed required per kilogram of product) and the production of methane as a by-product of enteric fermentation. A growing human population will demand more animal protein, which will put greater pressure on the Earth's planetary boundaries and contribute further to climate change. Therefore, livestock production globally faces the dual challenges of mitigating emissions and adapting to a changing climate. This requires research-led animal and plant breeding and feeding strategies to optimise ruminant systems. This study collated information from a global network of research farms reflecting a variety of ruminant production systems in diverse regions of the globe. Using this information, key changes in the genetic and nutritional approaches relevant to each system were drawn that, if implemented, would help shape more sustainable future ruminant livestock systems.

Multidisciplinary Approach to Prevent de novo Hepatitis B in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.

The reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is currently a social problem. Our hospital has established a project team, which consisted of medical staff including doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and technicians, to prevent HBV reactivation and subsequent de novo hepatitis B in 2015. To verify the usefulness of the team, we aimed to examine the implementation rate of HBV screening tests in patients with RA in 2011, 2015, and 2018. We also examined the rate of HBV infection, as well as the rate of HBV reactivation during the course. In this study, medical records of patients who visited our hospital in 2011, 2015, and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. HBV screening was completed when hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb), and hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) were all examined. The prevalence of patients who completed HBV screening dramatically increased from 2.4% in 2011 to 79.1% in 2015 and 86.9% in 2018. Patients who completed the screening had significantly higher rates of liver dysfunction, methotrexate use, and use of biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs than those who did not. Of the 767 patients who completed HBV screening in 2018, 157 patients (20.5%) had previously resolved HBV infection (HBsAg-negative but HBsAb- and/or HBcAb-positive). During a mean follow-up of 41.0 months, reactivation of HBV was observed in 10 out of the 157 patients (6.4%); however, none developed de novo hepatitis B. In conclusion, our multidisciplinary approach to prevent de novo hepatitis B is considered useful.