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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 33(1): 55-61, Mar. 2015. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-743763

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to describe transversal dimensions of the dental arches, bite force and facial index in three ethnic groups representative of Colombia. The sample size included 197 adolescents, 12 to 14 year old, 33% mestizo, 35% of African ancestry and 32% Amazon Indian; 50.3% male and 49.7% female. The comparative analysis to determine differences between ethnic groups was made by the Kruskal Wallis test and then the Principal Component Analysis was used to establish the pattern of measurements identifying ethnic characteristics. All measurements showed statistically significant differences among ethnic groups except facial height (p=0.157). It was evidenced that Amazon indian have a higher bite force (p <0.05) than the other twoethnic groups. Regarding dental arch transversal dimensions, Amazon Indian have a higher arch transversal width with a length average of 44.1 mm. This length was greater than mestizo adolescents (M=36.7 mm) and Afroamerican (M=38.3 mm). In conclusion, the amazon Ticuna Indian ethnia has a significantly higher bite force, higher dental arch transversal width and higher bizygomatic width than the other two ethnic groups considered.


El objetivo fue describir las dimensiones transversales de los arcos dentales, la fuerza de mordida y el índice facial en tres grupos étnicos de Colombia. El tamaño de la muestra fue de 197 adolescentes, de 12 a 14 años; 33% mestizos, 35% de ascendencia africana y 32% indio amazónico; 50,3% hombres y 49,7% mujeres. El análisis comparativo para determinar las diferencias entre los grupos étnicos se hizo mediante la prueba de Kruskal Wallis y luego el Componente Principal de Análisis se utilizó para establecer el patrón de las mediciones para identificar las características étnicas. Todas las mediciones mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos étnicos, excepto la altura facial (p=0,157). Se evidencia que el indio amazónico tiene una mayor fuerza de mordida (p<0,05) que los otros dos grupos étnicos. En cuanto a las dimensiones transversales del arco dental, el indio amazónico se caracterizó por tener un mayor ancho, con una longitud media de 44,1 mm. Esta longitud es mayor que en los adolescentes mestizos (M=36,7 mm) y afroamericanos (M=38,3 mm). En conclusión, la etnia india amazónica Ticuna tiene una fuerza de mordida significativamente mayor, así como mayor ancho del arco dental transversal y ancho bicigomático que los otros dos grupos étnicos considerados.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Black People , Bite Force , Dental Arch/anatomy & histology , Face/anatomy & histology , Indians, South American , Biotypology , Colombia
2.
Int. j. morphol ; 30(2): 677-682, jun. 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-651850

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar el índice facial de tres poblaciones colombianas y proponer un nuevo método para identificar los biotipos morfológicos faciales teniendo en cuenta el tipo de ascendencia. Para esto, se tomaron las medidas de Nasion a Gnation y la distancia Bicigomática con un calibrador digital en tres grupos étnicos diferentes: 63 niños de la población Ticuna (Amazonas), 68 niños del municipio de Puerto Tejada (Cauca) y 65 niños del municipio de Santiago de Cali (Valle). Por medio de la prueba post hoc T2 de Tamhane se determinó que las poblaciones son distintas y que el índice morfológico facial tradicional no discriminaba esas diferencias. Por tal razón se utilizó el método estadístico de conglomerados difusos con el fin de determinar el número de grupos o biotipos para cada tipo de ascendencia. Se concluyó, que las poblaciones mestizas y afro-descendientes tienen similitudes por lo cual se agruparon juntas y el algoritmo c-medias generó cuatro biotipos característicos, mientras que para la población indígena Ticuna (Amazonas) solo se generaron tres biotipos.


The aim of this study is evaluate the facial index of three Colombian populations and propose a new method to identifythe facial morphological biotypes taking into account the type of ascendancy. For this, measures were taken of Nasion to Gnation and bizygomatic distance with a digital caliper in three ethnic groups: 63 children from Ticuna population (Amazonas), 68 children from municipality of Puerto Tejada (Cauca) and 65 children from municipality Santiago de Cali (Valle). Through the post hoc Tamhane's T2 was determined that the populations are different and the facial morphological index did not discriminate these differences. We used the statistical method of fuzzy clusters to determine the number of groups or biotypes for each type of ascendancy. We concluded that mixed populations and African descent have similarities, therefore they were grouped together and the c-means algorithm generated four biotypes characteristic, while the indigenous population Ticuna (Amazon) only generated three biotypes.


Subject(s)
Female , Child , Black People , American Indian or Alaska Native , Biotypology , Face/anatomy & histology , Cephalometry/methods , Classification , Cluster Analysis , Colombia , Fuzzy Logic
3.
Gac Med Mex ; 126(6): 497-505; discussion 505-7, 1990.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2103559

ABSTRACT

Kidney and urinary stone disease is a major public health problem which requires a systemic clinical and biochemical evaluation to establish a precise diagnosis and well oriented therapy. This study reviews the results of a protocol designed to establish the metabolic abnormalities that occurred in 626 consecutive renal stone patients studied in two periods; group I (1979-1987) 441 cases and group II (1987-1989) 185 cases. The group I included the following determinations before and after a five day oral calcium load: serum and 24 hr urine electrolytes, divalent cations, phosphate, uric acid, cystine, glomerular filtration rate, parathyroid function evaluation with PTH and Tm Phosphate and since 1982 also (Ia) cAMP. In group II we also determined inhibitors of crystallization (magnesium and citrate) and promoters of nucleation (oxalate). In 185 cases of group I, we monitored months of follow up after metabolic evaluation and the number of stones formed per patient/year before and after treatment was begun. In group I we detected some variety of metabolic abnormality in 88.2 percent of our patients and in group II increased to 96.2 percent. A two year follow up was recorded in 55 percent and four year follow up in 39 percent of our cases. The stone/patient/year formation rate before treatment was 2.8 and significantly decreased to 0.8 after treatment. The highly diagnostic efficiency, the long term follow up and the adequacy of treatment significantly decreased stone activity in this group of patients. We concluded that this protocol should be included in the systematic evaluation of kidney stone patients.


Subject(s)
Urinary Calculi/metabolism , Calcium/metabolism , Citrates/metabolism , Crystallization , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Hyperparathyroidism/complications , Kidney Function Tests , Magnesium/metabolism , Oxalates/metabolism , Uric Acid/urine , Urinary Calculi/diagnosis , Urinary Calculi/prevention & control , Urinary Calculi/therapy
4.
Rev Invest Clin ; 42(2): 114-9, 1990.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2267443

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this retrospective study was to study the incidence of idiopathic and secondary forms of membranous nephropathy in our institution, its clinical course and progression to chronic renal failure, and the risk factors associated with it. Two hundred fourteen (16%) of the 1,287 renal biopsies obtained between 1962 and 1988 were primary glomerular diseases and 28 of this 214 (13%) were idiopathic membranous nephropathy. On the other hand 59 of 1,287 biopsies were membranous nephropathy of whom 28 were idiopathic, 27 secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus, 2 due to drugs, one associated with rheumatoid arthritis, and one more with breast cancer. The clinical picture was: nephrotic syndrome in 84%, hypertension in 15%, non-nephrotic proteinuria in 14%, chronic renal failure in 8.4%, and renal vein thrombosis in 6.3%. In the idiopathic group 75% of the patients were male while in the lupus group 85% were female. For the analysis of progression to chronic renal failure we excluded 5 patients with renal failure when the biopsy was taken, 2 because the nephropathy was due to drugs, one associated with breast cancer, and nine were within the first year of follow-up. Thus, for this analysis the group consisted of 22 patients with idiopathic form and 20 with systemic lupus erythematosus. The idiopathic and lupus groups were similar except for a lower serum albumin in the former. The progression to renal failure was seen in 9 patients: six in the idiopathic group and the other 3 in the lupus group; this difference was not significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


Subject(s)
Glomerulonephritis, Membranous , Female , Glomerulonephritis, Membranous/blood , Glomerulonephritis, Membranous/epidemiology , Glomerulonephritis, Membranous/etiology , Humans , Hypertension/complications , Kidney Failure, Chronic/etiology , Lupus Nephritis/etiology , Male , Mexico/epidemiology , Nephrotic Syndrome/etiology , Retrospective Studies
5.
Rev. invest. clín ; Rev. invest. clín;39(4): 319-22, oct.-dic. 1987. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-63685

ABSTRACT

La secreción de hormona paratiroidea (PTH) se ha caracterizado con una preparación de células individuales, obtenidas mediante digestión enzimática de glándulas paratiroides previamente fragmentadas, obtenidas quirúrgicamente d diferentes especies, incluida la humana. Esta preparación permite establecer condiciones experimentales controladas, imposibles de obtener en vivo. Tiene además la ventaja de conservar todas las funciones secretoras de las células intactas, inclusive, las de los tejidos anormales. Este trabajo describe las modificaciones metodológicas necesarias para obtener una preparación de células paratiroideas a partir de glándulas caninas, especie en la que el metabolismo mineral es muy similar al del humano y que se puede estudiar experimentalmente con facilidad. Demonstramos que, en estas células, tanto el curso temporal como la influencia de las concentraciones extracelulares de calcio influyen de manera normal en la secreción de PTH, misma que aumentó sobre la secreción basal hasta 264.4 ñ 53.9 pg/10 células cuando la concentración extracelular de calcio fue de 0.5 mM y hasta 212 ñ 51.1 pg/10 células a concentración extracelular de calcio de 2.0 mM (p < 0.05). La región linear del incremento temporal en secreción de PTH mostró una correlación altamente significativa en ambas concentraciones de calcio (0.5 mM r = 0.93, 2mM r = 0.97). Concluimos que utilizando este método se obtiene células paratiroideas individuales, viables, que conservan su capacidad secretora intacta, aplicables al estudio del funcionamiento paratiroideo canino in vitro


Subject(s)
Dogs , Animals , Cells, Cultured , Parathyroid Glands/physiology , Parathyroid Hormone/metabolism , Calcium/metabolism , Deoxyribonucleases/metabolism , Microbial Collagenase/metabolism
9.
Rev. invest. clín ; Rev. invest. clín;35(4): 327-42, 1983.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-19725

ABSTRACT

En este trabajo se revisa la importancia del calcio, el fosforo y el sistema de la vitamina D en los procesos de biosintesis y secrecion de la hormona paratiroidea (PTH). Se analiza tambien la participacion del higado, los rinones y el hueso en el metabolismo periferico de PTH 1-84 asi como la importancia de este proceso en la importancia de este proceso en la interpretacion de los diferentes radioimunoanalisis para medir la concentracion de PTH en sangre. Finalmente, se hace una ciudadosa descripcion de los metodos para medir tanto la concentracion como la actividad biologica de la hormona paratiroidea circulante, tales como el radioinmunoanalisis el analisis citobiologico y la activacion de la enzima adenil ciclasa de la corteza renal, Se hace enfasis en su correcta aplicacion para el diagnostico clinico


Subject(s)
Calcium , Homeostasis , Parathyroid Hormone , Phosphorus , Radioimmunoassay
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