Associations between dietary diversity and dyslipidemia among Japanese workers: cross-sectional study and longitudinal study findings.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the associations between dietary diversity and risk of dyslipidemia in Japanese workers. METHODS: The cross-sectional study included 1399 participants aged 20-63 years and the longitudinal study included 751 participants aged 20-60 years in 2012-2013 (baseline) who participated at least once from 2013 to 2017 with cumulative participation times of 4.9 times. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, and dietary diversity score (DDS) was determined using the Quantitative Index for Dietary Diversity. Dyslipidemia was diagnosed when at least one of the following conditions was met: hypertriglyceridemia, high LDL-cholesterol, low HDL-cholesterol, high non-HDL-cholesterol, and a history of dyslipidemia. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dyslipidemia with control of confounding factors in cross-sectional analysis. Generalized estimating equations were used for calculating the ORs (95% CI) for dyslipidemia in the follow-up period according to the DDS at baseline with control of confounding factors in longitudinal analysis. RESULTS: Cross-sectional analysis showed that the highest DDS reduced the odds of dyslipidemia in men (OR [95% CI] in Tertile 3: 0.67 [0.48-0.95], p value = 0.023). In longitudinal analysis, a moderate DDS reduced the risk of dyslipidemia (OR [95% CI] in Tertile 2: 0.21 [0.07-0.60], p value = 0.003) in women. CONCLUSIONS: The results of cross-sectional analysis in this study suggest that the higher diversity of diet might reduce the presence of dyslipidemia in men and the results of longitudinal analysis suggest that a moderate DDS might reduce the risk of dyslipidemia in women. Further studies are needed since the results of cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses in this study were inconsistent.

Associations between dietary diversity and high sensitive C-reactive protein among Japanese workers: findings of a cross-sectional and longitudinal study.

PURPOSE: To clarify the association between dietary diversity and inflammatory status in Japanese workers. METHODS: Of 1,460 men and women aged 20-64 years in 2010 (baseline), those who were followed-up at least once between 2011 and 2018 were included in this study; 1,433 participants and 745 participants were included in the cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, respectively. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire at baseline, and the dietary diversity score was determined using the Quantitative Index for Dietary Diversity (QUANTIDD). High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was taken to indicate inflammatory status at the baseline and follow-up surveys. In the cross-sectional analysis using baseline data, a generalized linear model was used to calculate adjusted means and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for hs-CRP according to the QUANTIDD score. In the longitudinal analysis, generalized estimating equations were used to calculate the adjusted mean (95% CI) for hs-CRP in follow-up according to the QUANTIDD score at baseline. RESULTS: In the cross-sectional analysis, the hs-CRP concentration in male participants was significantly lower in those who had a high QUANTIDD score (adjusted mean [95% CI]: 0.074 [0.009-0.140] mg/dL in the lower group vs. 0.038 [-0.029-0.105] mg/dL in the higher group, p-value = 0.034). In the longitudinal analysis, the hs-CRP concentration of male participants also tended to be lower in those with higher QUANTIDD scores (p-value = 0.103). In both the cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses in women, there was no significant difference between the lower and higher QUANTIDD score groups. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that, in male Japanese workers, higher dietary diversity might be important for maintaining a low inflammatory status.

Dietary diversity and characteristics of lifestyle and awareness of health in Japanese workers†:†a cross-sectional study.

The aim of this study was to clarify the characteristics of lifestyle and health awareness according to dietary diversity in a Japanese worksite population. The participants were 1,312 men and women aged 20 to 63 years who were living in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan during the period 2012-2013. We obtained anthropometric data and information on lifestyle characteristics using a self-administered questionnaire. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, and dietary diversity was determined using the Quantitative Index for Dietary Diversity (QUANTIDD). The characteristics of lifestyle and health awareness according to quartiles of the QUANTIDD score were assessed using the chi-square test and a general linear model. The higher the QUANTIDD score was, the larger were the proportions of participants who knew the appropriate amount of dietary intake and participants who referred to nutritional component information when choosing and / or buying food. Among participants with higher QUANTIDD scores, the proportion of participants who considered their current diet was good was high in women, whereas the proportion of participants who wanted to improve their diet in the future was high in men. Those results indicate that higher dietary diversity was related to better characteristics of lifestyle and awareness of health. J. Med. Invest. 67 : 255-264, August, 2020.

Operating-room nurses' classifications in job satisfaction.

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the operating environment, degree of operating-room nurses', and to clarify the job satisfaction, experience, and emotions categorized characteristics operating-room nurses. Method : The study surveyed 1177 operating-room nurses. For 38 questionnaire items, a 5-point Likert scale was applied regarding job satisfaction, workplace environment, experiences, and emotions. Classification was performed by cluster analysis based on operating-room nurses' job satisfaction. Results : Results of cluster analysis were classified into five groups with unique characteristics based on factors such as age, years of nursing experience, years of operating-room nursing experience, workplace environment, experience, and emotion. Conclusion: Results suggest providing support tailored to characteristics of each of the five groups to optimize their job satisfaction. J. Med. Invest. 67 : 113-123, February, 2020.

Classification of physical activity in patients with heart failure categorized as New York Heart Association class I or II.

This study aimed that we were classification of physical activity in patients with heart failure categorized as New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I or II. We were a survey using a researcher- administered questionnaire, SF-8, the Specific Activity Scale (SAS), and the Scale to Measure Self-Care Behavior of Patients with Heart Disease. We included 70 patients who were treated in the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine at Hospital A. Regarding patient characteristics and clinical information after the cluster analysis, there were significant differences in the NYHA class (p = 0.001), BNP level (p = 0.012), self-management of medication adherence (p = 0.000), and exercise habits (p = 0.005). We summarized characteristics of each group as follows : Group A showed high tolerance to physical activity and near-perfect self-management; Group B showed moderate tolerance to physical activity but was not willing to commit to daily exercise and self-management; and Group C showed low tolerance to physical activity and often requested others to handle medication management. We needed that tolerance to physical activity and proposals for tailored instruction according to patient conditions, and needed that instructions tailored to the characteristics of heart failure patients in groups A-C. J. Med. Invest. 67 : 124-133, February, 2020.

Associations of dietary diversity with allergic diseases in Japanese workers: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the associations of dietary diversity with prevalences of allergic diseases. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: The participants were 1,317 men and women aged 20 to 63 years who were living in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan during the period 2012-2013. We obtained anthropometric data and information on lifestyle characteristics and current medical histories of allergic diseases using a self-administered questionnaire. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, and dietary diversity was determined using the Quantitative Index for Dietary Diversity (QUANTIDD). The ORs and 95% CIs for each of the allergic diseases with a 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in the QUANTIDD score were estimated, controlling for age, family history of allergic diseases, education, smoking, drinking, physical activity, energy intake and BMI. RESULTS: Higher dietary diversity showed significant inverse dose-response relationships with allergic diseases and allergic rhinitis in women. Multivariate-adjusted ORs (95% CI) for allergic diseases and allergic rhinitis with 1 SD increase in the QUANTIDD score were 0.77 (95% CI: 0.60-0.98, p=0.037) and 0.69 (95% CI: 0.53-0.90, p=0.007), respectively, in women. There were no significant associations between dietary diversity and allergic diseases in men. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that there is an inverse association between higher dietary diversity and allergic rhinitis in Japanese female workers.

Soy product and isoflavone intake associations with allergic diseases in Japanese workers: rhinitis, dermatitis and asthma.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the associations of intake of soy products and isoflavones with allergic diseases. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a cross-sectional study in 1437 participants (aged 20-64 years) who were living in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan during the period 2010- 2011. We obtained anthropometric data and information on life style characteristics including dietary intake and current medical histories of allergic diseases using a structural self-administered questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the associations of soy products and isoflavones with allergic diseases after controlling for age, family history of allergic diseases, smoking, drinking, physical activity, energy intake, BMI and dietary factors. RESULTS: Intake of soy products showed significant inverse dose-response relationships with allergic rhinitis. The third quartile for soy products had an adjusted OR of 0.56 (95% CI: 0.35-0.91) compared to the reference group (first quartile), though intake of soy products showed no dose-response relationship with atopic dermatitis. Intake of soy isoflavones showed a significant inverse dose-response relationship with atopic dermatitis, though the association between intake of soy isoflavones and atopic dermatitis was U-shaped after adjustments for potential confounders. On the other hand, the associations between intake of soy isoflavones and other allergic diseases were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that higher intake of soy products is associated with reduced risk of allergic rhinitis in Japanese workers. Furthermore, moderate intake amounts of soy products and soy isoflavones are associated with inverse risk of atopic dermatitis.

Associations between intake of dietary fermented soy food and concentrations of inflammatory markers: a cross-sectional study in Japanese workers.

Epidemiological investigations have shown that consumption of soybeans or soy foods reduces the risk of the development of cardiovascular disease, cancer and osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to determine the associations between different soy foods and inflammatory markers, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-18, in Japanese workers. The cross-sectional study included 1,426 Japanese workers (1,053 men and 373 women) aged 20 to 64 years. Intake of 12 soy foods was estimated by a validated food frequency questionnaire. Associations of total soy foods, fermented soy food, non-fermented soy food, soy isoflavone with hs-CRP, IL-6, and IL-18 levels were examined by general linear model regression analysis. We found that total fermented soy food intake was inversely associated with multivariable-adjusted geometric concentration of IL-6 in men (Q1:1.03 pg/mL, Q5:0.94 pg /mL;P for trend = 0.031). Furthermore, it was shown that IL-6 concentrations were inversely associated with miso intake (ß = -0.068;p = 0.034) and soy sauce intake in men (ß = -0.074;p = 0.018). This study suggests that intake of total fermented soy food, miso and soy sauce be associated with IL-6 concentrations in Japanese men. J. Med. Invest. 65:74-80, February, 2018.

Factors associated with changes over time in medication-taking behavior up to 12 months after initial mild cerebral infarction onset.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to clarify the changes in medication-taking behavior and related factors over time in patients with initial mild cerebral infarction up to 12 months after onset. METHODS: Thirty-one patients with initial mild cerebral infarction were surveyed a total of four times: on admission to hospital, 3 months after onset, 6 months after onset, and 12 months after onset. Patients were surveyed regarding medication compliance, awareness of taking medication, perceived behavioral control, lifestyle risk factors, and subjective norms. RESULTS: Medication compliance improved over time from the time of admission, but no changes were seen in awareness of taking medication. A cluster analysis based on changes in medication compliance over time revealed a "Persistently high compliance group" and a "Persistently low compliance group" for medication compliance. The health locus of control in the "Persistently high compliance group" was perceived as the result of chance and fate. CONCLUSIONS: Assessing the current state of medication compliance and the health locus of control during hospitalization permitted an understanding of patient characteristics, and indicated a need for recurrence prevention education and medication guidance tailored to each patient's cognitive and behavioral characteristics. J. Med. Invest. 64: 85-95, February, 2017.

Cut-off value of total adiponectin for managing risk of developing metabolic syndrome in male Japanese workers.

AIM: To determine the optimal cut-off value of serum total adiponectin for managing the risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS) in male Japanese workers. METHODS: A total of 365 subjects without MetS aged 20-60 years were followed up prospectively for a mean of 3.1 years. The accelerated failure-time model was used to estimate time ratio (TR) and cut-off value for developing MetS. RESULTS: During follow-up, 45 subjects developed MetS. Age-adjusted TR significantly declined with decreasing total adiponectin level (≤ 4.9, 5.0-6.6, 6.7-8.8 and ≥ 8.9 µg/ml, P for trend = 0.003). In multivariate analyses, TR of MetS was 0.12 (95% CI 0.02-0.78; P = 0.03) in subjects with total adiponectin level of 5.0-6.6 µg/ml, and 0.15 (95% CI 0.02-0.97; P = 0.047) in subjects with total adiponectin level ≤ 4.9 µg/ml compared with those with total adiponectin level ≥ 8.9 µg/ml. The accelerated failure-time model showed that the optimal cut-off value of total adiponectin for managing the risk of developing MetS was 6.2 µg/ml. In the multivariate-adjusted model, the mean time to the development of MetS was 78% shorter for total adiponectin level ≤ 6.2 µg/ml compared with > 6.2 µg/ml (TR 0.22, 95% CI: 0.08-0.64, P = 0.005). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the cut-off value for managing the risk of developing MetS is 6.2 µg/ml in male Japanese workers. Subjects with total adiponectin level ≤ 6.2 µg/ml developed MetS more rapidly than did those with total adiponectin level > 6.2 µg/ml.

Glycogen synthase kinase 3ß sustains invasion of glioblastoma via the focal adhesion kinase, Rac1, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase-mediated pathway.

The failure of current treatment options for glioblastoma stems from their inability to control tumor cell proliferation and invasion. Biologically targeted therapies offer great hope and one promising target is glycogen synthase kinase-3ß (GSK3ß), implicated in various diseases, including cancer. We previously reported that inhibition of GSK3ß compromises the survival and proliferation of glioblastoma cells, induces their apoptosis, and sensitizes them to temozolomide and radiation. Here, we explore whether GSK3ß also contributes to the highly invasive nature of glioblastoma. The effects of GSK3ß inhibition on migration and invasion of glioblastoma cells were examined by wound-healing and Transwell assays, as well as in a mouse model of glioblastoma. We also investigated changes in cellular microarchitectures, cytoskeletal components, and proteins responsible for cell motility and invasion. Inhibition of GSK3ß attenuated the migration and invasion of glioblastoma cells in vitro and that of tumor cells in a mouse model of glioblastoma. These effects were associated with suppression of the molecular axis involving focal adhesion kinase, guanine nucleotide exchange factors/Rac1 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Changes in cellular phenotypes responsible for cell motility and invasion were also observed, including decreased formation of lamellipodia and invadopodium-like microstructures and alterations in the subcellular localization, and activity of Rac1 and F-actin. These changes coincided with decreased expression of matrix metalloproteinases. Our results confirm the potential of GSK3ß as an attractive therapeutic target against glioblastoma invasion, thus highlighting a second role in this tumor type in addition to its involvement in chemo- and radioresistance.

NS-018, a selective JAK2 inhibitor, preferentially inhibits CFU-GM colony formation by bone marrow mononuclear cells from high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome patients.

JAK2/STAT signaling promotes survival and expansion of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) clones, but little is known about the potential of JAK2/STAT as a therapeutic target in MDS. We investigated the effect of NS-018, a novel antagonist for JAK2, on the colony-forming ability of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) from high-risk MDS patients. NS-018 decreased colony-forming unit-granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM) colony numbers from MDS-derived BMMNCs in a dose-dependent manner, and this effect was significantly more potent than against normal BMMNCs. In addition, NS-018 suppressed the phosphorylation of STAT3 in colony-forming cells from MDS patients. Collectively, NS-018 could be a new therapeutic option for high-risk MDS.

Intracellular lipid in ovarian thecomas detected by dual-echo chemical shift magnetic resonance imaging: report of 2 cases.

Thecoma of the ovary is a stromal tumor composed of lipid-containing cells with a variable component of fibroblasts. To our knowledge, there have been no reports in the English literature describing detection of intracellular lipid in thecomas by preoperative imaging. We present 2 cases of thecomas of the ovary, in which intratumoral lipid was detected using dual-echo chemical shift magnetic resonance imaging.

The relative contribution of mannose salvage pathways to glycosylation in PMI-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblast cells.

Mannose for mammalian glycan biosynthesis can be imported directly from the medium, derived from glucose or salvaged from endogenous or external glycans. All pathways must generate mannose 6-phosphate, the activated form of mannose. Imported or salvaged mannose is directly phosphorylated by hexokinase, whereas fructose 6-phosphate from glucose is converted to mannose 6-phosphate by phosphomannose isomerase (PMI). Normally, PMI provides the majority of mannose for glycan synthesis. To assess the contribution of PMI-independent pathways, we used PMI-null fibroblasts to study N-glycosylation of DNase I, a highly sensitive indicator protein. In PMI-null cells, imported mannose and salvaged mannose make a significant contribution to N-glycosylation. When these cells were grown in mannose-free medium along with the mannosidase inhibitor, swainsonine, to block the salvage pathways, N-glycosylation of DNase I was almost completely eliminated. Adding approximately 13 microm mannose to the medium completely restored normal glycosylation. Treatment with bafilomycin A(1), an inhibitor of lysosomal acidification, also markedly reduced N-glycosylation of DNase I, but in this case only 8 microm mannose was required to restore full glycosylation, indicating that a nonlysosomal source of mannose made a significant contribution. Glycosylation levels were greatly also reduced in glycoconjugate-free medium, when endosomal membrane trafficking was blocked by expression of a mutant SKD1. From these data, we conclude that PMI-null cells can salvage mannose from both endogenous and external glycoconjugates via lysosomal and nonlysosomal degradation pathways.

Evaluation of a new rehabilitation program for postoperative patients with breast cancer.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of a newly designed rehabilitation program for postoperative patients with breast cancer. This was achieved through examinations to clarify the range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder joint, postoperative pain and recovery of activities of daily living (ADL). The ROM of the shoulder joint was evaluated with respect to five items and determinations were carried out five times. Patients were orally questioned four times regarding their pain after surgery, movement-associated chest pain, pain at night and operative wound pain. Evaluation of the ADL after discharge was conducted using a three-level rating method at postoperative week 4 and week 12. A total of 72 patients were studied, comprising 39 who underwent pectoral muscle-conserving mastectomy and 33 who underwent breast-conserving surgery. The arm movement of forward raising showed the greatest decline, followed by lateral raising of the arm. Postoperative time-course changes in internal/external arm rotation, as well as backward arm raising were slight. Comparison of the operative procedures revealed differences only for lateral arm raising at postoperative week 4, while there were no differences in any of the shoulder joint movements. Lowering of the ROM of the shoulder joint was more marked at an earlier time (week 1 to week 2) after surgery, but it was not statistically significant. Pain at night and operative wound pain were prolonged over the period, and reported in postoperative week 1 to week 12 by 3-15% of patients. All ADL items became almost normal in approximately 90% of patients at postoperative week 4. The efficacy of the present rehabilitation program early after surgery was demonstrated in terms of recovery of ADL as well as the ROM of the arm on the affected side.

Gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid interaction with clinical drugs in rats.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether the hepatic enhancement characteristics of Gd-EOB-DTPA are influenced by the preapplication of a variety of commonly used clinical pharmaceuticals (eg, antibiotics, antineoplastic drugs, corticosteroids, antiarrhythmia drugs, antianxiety drugs, scopolamine, and xanthine derivatives). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eleven commercially available drugs (prednisolone, rifampicin, doxorubicin hydrochloride, cisplatin, propranolol hydrochloride, scopolamine butylbromide, theophylline, ampicillin, cefotaxime sodium, verapamil hydrochloride, and diazepam) were intravenously (IV) injected in rats at three to five times the clinical dose (n = 3 or 6 per drug). A control group of rats was given saline (n = 6). Gd-EOB-DTPA (25 micromol Gd/kg IV) was administered to rats 30 minutes after the injections of the clinical drugs. Liver MR imaging was performed with a 2.0 T animal imager before and up to 60 minutes after injection. Enhancement (ENH) (%) and area under the data from time versus enhancement curve (AUD) were calculated. RESULTS Rifampicin was the only drug that significantly decreased the hepatic enhancement by Gd-EOB-DTPA. Both the maximum enhancement of the liver and the AUD were significantly reduced when rifampicin was preinjected. Preinjection of prednisolone, doxorubicin hydrochloride, cisplatin or propranolol hydrochloride yielded a slightly but significant increased maximum enhancement of the liver. Furthermore, the enhancement declined more slowly when these drugs were preadministered, yielding a large AUD. None of the other drugs showed a significant effect on hepatic enhancement. CONCLUSION: Rifampicin exerted a clinically significant decrease on hepatic enhancement by Gd-EOB-DTPA. Prednisolone, doxorubicin hydrochloride, cisplatin, or propranolol hydrochloride slightly but significantly increased the hepatic enhancement by Gd-EOB-DTPA.