The Phytochemical Tactics for Battling Antibiotic Resistance in Microbes: Secondary Metabolites and Nano Antibiotics Methods.

One of the most serious threats to human health is antibiotic resistance, which has left the world without effective antibiotics. While continuous research and inventions for new antibiotics are going on, especially those with new modes of action, it is unlikely that this alone would be sufficient to win the battle. Furthermore, it is also important to investigate additional approaches. One such strategy for improving the efficacy of existing antibiotics is the discovery of adjuvants. This review has collected data from various studies on the current crisis and approaches for combating multi-drug resistance in microbial pathogens using phytochemicals. In addition, the nano antibiotic approaches, are discussed, highlighting the high potentials of essential oils, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, and nano antibiotics in combating antibiotic resistance.

Magnetite-supported montmorillonite (K10) (nanocat-Fe-Si-K10): an efficient green catalyst for multicomponent synthesis of amidoalkyl naphthol.

Montmorillonite (K10) loaded on magnetite silica-coated nanoparticles was made using simple co-precipitation methods. The prepared nanocat-Fe-Si-K10 was analyzed using some techniques including field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), inductive coupling plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transmission-infrared spectra (FT-IR), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and wavelength-dispersive spectroscopy (WDX). The catalytic activity of the synthesized nanocat-Fe-Si-K10 has been examined in one-pot multicomponent transformations for the synthesis of 1-amidoalkyl 2-naphthol derivatives under solvent-free conditions. Nanocat-Fe-Si-K10 was determined to be very active, having the ability to be reused 15 times without significant loss of catalytic activity. The suggested technique has several advantages, including excellent yield, minimum reaction time, a straightforward workup, and catalyst recycling, all of which are essential green synthetic aspects.

Structure activity relationship (SAR) and anticancer activity of pyrrolidine derivatives: Recent developments and future prospects (A review).

Pyrrolidine molecules are a significant class of synthetic and natural plant metabolites, which show the diversity of pharmacological activities. An extensive variety of synthetic pyrrolidine compounds with numerous derivatization like spirooxindole, thiazole, metal complexes, coumarin, etc have revealed significant anticancer activity. Pyrrolidine molecules are found not only as potential anticancer candidates but also retain the lowest side effects. Depending upon the diverse substitution patterns of the derivatives, these molecules have demonstrated an incredible ability to regulate the various targets to give excellent anti-proliferative activities. Taking these into consideration, efforts have been taken by the scientific fraternity to design and develop a potent anticancer scaffold with negligible side effects. In the present review, we cover the latest advancements in the synthesis of pyrrolidine molecules which have promising anticancer activity toward numerous cancer cell lines. Additionally, it also highlights the effectiveness of derivatives via elucidation of Structural-Activity-Relationship (SAR) which is discussed in detail.

The rising status of edible seeds in lifestyle related diseases: A review.

Lifestyle-related diseases are caused by people's daily routines and can result in several health problems, including severe non-communicable diseases with potentially life-threatening implications. These diseases can be avoided by changing one's lifestyle behaviors, such as eating proper nutrition, being stress-free, and indulging in physical activity. Considering seeds an integral part of the diet is a commendable step towards enhancing nutrition and health. The present paper outlines the nutritive & pro-health features of the five most popular edible seeds, namely Chia (Salvia hispanica L), Hemp (Cannabis sativa), Pumpkin (Cucurbita), Sunflower (Helianthus annuus), and Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), with a focus on their approach to improving food product attributes as well as their status in lifestyle-related disorders. This review also addresses the rate of growth, sensitivities, obstacles to excellence, and prospects of edible seeds. To the best of our knowledge, there are very few review articles on the commercial usage of edible seeds in the formulation of a wide range of food products. The present review hereby incorporates the data of the last five years from 2016 to 2021 for study as well as analysis.

Recent developments in silver nanoparticles utilized for cancer treatment and diagnosis: a patent review.

Nanotheranostics is a young but rapidly expanding science that incorporates elements of therapy and diagnostics in a unique and miniscule area of research. The potential to combine diagnostic and therapeutic abilities inside a complete unit opens up interesting possibilities for innovative biomedical research. Silver-based nanoparticles, for instance, are widely utilized as pharmacological and biomedical imaging molecules, and hence offer a lot of potential for the development of versatile targeted therapy compositions. These nanoparticles have been used for cancer diagnosis and cancer treatments recently. We evaluate major innovations based on silver nanotheranostics technologies in this review paper, with an emphasis on cancer treatment implications. The present review covers papers, from 2010 to 2020.

Pyrrolidine derivatives as antibacterial agents, current status and future prospects: a patent review.

Bacterial infections are increasingly epitomizing major global health concerns, with rising death rates. Since the most complete assessment of the worldwide impact of antimicrobial resistance to date, with over 1.2 million people dead in 2019 as a direct result of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. The majority of antimicrobial drugs have been associated with a multitude of adverse effects including financial costs as well. Pyrrolidine derivatives have sparked the interest of researchers to create novel synthetic molecules with minimal side effect and drawbacks. To close the research gap, the current review discusses the synthetic compounds with active pyrrolidine scaffolds, critical findings and most crucially the structure-activity relationship that affects the activity of the ring over the last one and half decade.

Magnetically Recoverable Silica-Decorated Ferromagnetic-Nanoceria Nanocatalysts and Their Use with O- and N-Butyloxycarbonylation Reaction via Solvent-Free Condition.

Silica-decorated ferrite nanoparticles, a new kind, coated with ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN), have been prepared successfully by simple coprecipitation techniques. Powder X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (PXRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDX), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), inductive coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques were used to characterize these nanoparticles. The catalysts are further studied for catalytic activity in solvent-free conditions. Importantly, these nanoparticles have been collected from the reaction mixture using an external magnet and recycled up to minimum of 15 cycles with no substantial loss of catalytic characteristics.

Recent developments on 1,8-Naphthalimide moiety as potential target for anticancer agents.

1,8-Naphthalimide moiety is well known to possess various biological activities as it can very well intercalate with DNA. In recent years, much of the attention has been given to the preparation of naphthalimide derivatives by substitution at various positions of the 1,8-naphthalimide ring for their exploration as anticancer agents. These derivatives possess different anticancer properties, which cover a broader range of cancer cell lines. Interestingly, some derivatives include enhanced activity than the reference standards like cisplatin, amonafide, mitonafide, etc., and be selective against the cell lines. The aim is to study the effect of different modulations at various positions of the 1,8-naphthalimide ring with a polyamine, thiourea, benzothiazole, benzimidazole, and formation of metal complexes and bis-naphthalimides that affects the overall cytotoxic properties of the resulting 1,8-naphthalimides. Moreover, the structure-activity relationship of these variations for the resulting derivatives' anticancer properties has also been discussed. Thus, this review will be important for a wide range of researchers to design and development of various 1,8-naphthalimide derivatives with desired drug profiles.

Interleukin Receptor Antagonists and Janus Kinase Inhibitors Repurposed for Treatment of COVID-19.

SARS-CoV-2 infection is the most contagious among the three coronavirus infections the world has witnessed to date, which has affected almost all parts of the world in millions of population since its outbreak in China in December 2019. Moreover, it has severely hit the world economy and therefore there is a dire need to develop the treatment of this deadly disease. A number of potential vaccines are in the early or advanced stage of clinical trials. But the development of a vaccine is a very tedious and time-consuming task. Therefore, various groups are working on repurposing of drugs with already known safety and efficacy profiles to shorten the time of development of the potential treatment. The main aim of this review article is to summarize the clinical outcomes of Interleukin receptor antagonists and Janus kinase inhibitors based drugs which have been repurposed for the treatment of COVID-19 associated with SARS-CoV-2.

Magnetically recyclable silica-coated ferrite magnetite-K10 montmorillonite nanocatalyst and its applications in O, N, and S-acylation reaction under solvent-free conditions.

Novel silica-coated ferrite nanoparticles supported with montmorillonite (K10) have been prepared successfully by using a simple impregnation method. Further, these nanoparticles were characterized by using different analytical methods like FT-IR, PXRD, EDS, and FE-SEM techniques. In addition, these nanoparticles have been explored for their catalytic activity for the O, N, and S-acylation reactions under solvent-free conditions which gave moderate to excellent yields in a much shorter reaction time. Moreover, these nanoparticles could easily be separated out from the reaction medium after the reaction completion by using an external magnetic field and have been re-used for 10 cycles without any significant loss of the catalytic activity.

Current progress, challenges and future prospects of indazoles as protein kinase inhibitors for the treatment of cancer.

The indazole core is an interesting pharmacophore due to its applications in medicinal chemistry. In the past few years, this moiety has been used for the synthesis of kinase inhibitors. Many researchers have demonstrated the use of indazole derivatives as specific kinase inhibitors, including tyrosine kinase and serine/threonine kinases. A number of anticancer drugs with an indazole core are commercially available, e.g. axitinib, linifanib, niraparib, and pazopanib. Indazole derivatives are applied for the targeted treatment of lung, breast, colon, and prostate cancers. In this review, we compile the current development of indazole derivatives as kinase inhibitors and their application as anticancer agents in the past five years.

Overview on magnetically recyclable ferrite nanoparticles: synthesis and their applications in coupling and multicomponent reactions.

Nanocatalysis is an emerging area of research that has attracted much attention over the past few years. It provides the advantages of both homogeneous as well as heterogeneous catalysis in terms of activity, selectivity, efficiency and reusability. Magnetically recoverable nanocatalysts provide a larger surface area for the chemical transformations where the organic groups can be anchored and lead to decrease in the reaction time, increase in the reaction output and improve the atom economy of the chemical reactions. Moreover, magnetic nanocatalysts provide a greener approach towards the chemical transformations and are easily recoverable by the aid of an external magnet for their reusability. This review aims to give an insight into the important work done in the field of magnetically recoverable nanocatalysts and their applications in carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond formation.

Recent Approaches of Repositioning and Traditional Drugs for the Treatment of COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak.

The recent emergence of novel, pathogenic COVID-19 disease associated with SARSCoV- 2 virus in China and its rapid national and international spread pose a global health emergency. The development of a new drug is tedious and may take decades to develop and involve multiple steps like the development of prototypes and phase I to III human trials, which involve the study on small to large populations to examine the safety and side effects associated with the drug under trials. Due to continous increase in the number of confirmed cases and deaths, there is an urgent need to develop a drug that is effective to kill the SARS-CoV-2 virus with fewer side effects to the human body. Therefore, this review focus on the latest advances in the development for the treatment of COVID-19 disease associated with SARS-CoV-2 with repositioning of already marketed drug with small molecules, as well as Chinese traditional medicines with established safety and efficacy which are being used for different therapeutic uses.

Recent Advances and Developments of in†vitro Evaluation of Heterocyclic Moieties on Cancer Cell Lines.

Besides worthy development in cancer therapy, cancer is still one of the leading causes of death, worldwide. The future burden of cancer will probably be even larger because people are adopting poor lifestyles with poor diet, frequently smoking and less physical activity. The effective anticancer drugs having efficacy and selectivity with low toxicity is still a challenge for the scientific fraternity. The advances in the cancer study have its origin on the availability of different types of experimental model systems that review the various forms of this disease. Cell lines emerge as a feasible alternative for anticancer activities, being at the same time easy to manipulate and molecularly characterize. Heterocycles are key structural components of many of the anti-cancer drugs available on the market today. Indeed, of the novel molecular anti-cancer agents approved by the FDA between 2010 and 2017, almost two-thirds contained heterocyclic rings within their structures. This review summarizes and provides updated literature on heterocyclic compounds using various cancer cell lines reported during the period of 2014-2017 together with the structure-activity relationships.

Insulin Therapy for Diabetes Epidemic: A Patent Review.

Diabetes is a serious and chronic problem that can be attributed to the insufficient release of the insulin or when body does not respond to the insulin which is already present. This disease has been targeted for corrective action and implementation among four non-communicable diseases by world leaders according to WHO report. The prevalence of diabetes has been estimated to be double from 4.7% of adult population in 1980 to 8.5% in the present scenario. The estimated deaths due to this epidemic disease were 1.5 million in 2012 alone. Currently, approximately 400 million people are suffering from diabetes worldwide. Although the factors leading to Type I diabetes are unknown, there are many therapies available in market for Type II disease which bags more than 90% of the total diabetes cases. But, the current treatment for this disease seems to be lacking in terms of proper management of disease, while insulin still remains the ultimate therapy to achieve comparatively effective glycemic control. In this review, an attempt has been made to summarize the patent applications filed in the field of pulmonary delivery of insulin as dry powder through an inhaler in various formulations. This review will provide an insight to the development and advancement for various formulations of insulin and the design of inhaler to improve the bioavailability of powder formulation of insulin, which would provide an alternate treatment with better acceptability or tolerability among the patients as compared to the intravenous delivery to offer better management of epidemic diabetes.

1,8-Naphthalimide: A Potent DNA Intercalator and Target for Cancer Therapy.

The poor pharmacokinetics, side effects and particularly the rapid emergence of drug resistance compromise the efficiency of clinically used anticancer drugs. Therefore, the discovery of novel and effective drugs is still an extremely primary mission. Naphthalimide family is one of the highly active anticancer drug based upon effective intercalator with DNA. In this article, we review the discovery and development of 1,8-naphthalimide moiety, and, especially, pay much attention to the structural modifications and structure activity relationships. The review demonstrates how modulation of the moiety affecting naphthalimide compound for DNA binding that is achieved to afford a profile of antitumor activity. The DNA binding of imide and ring substitution at naphthalimide, bisnaphthalimide, naphthalimide-metal complexes is achieved by molecular recognition through intercalation mode. Thus, this synthetic/natural small molecule can act as a drug when activation or inhibition of DNA function, is required to cure or control the cancer disease. The present study is a review of the advances in 1,8-naphthalimide-related research, with a focus on how such derivatives are intercalated into DNA for their anticancer activities.