Enhancing high-efficiency breeding and microbial microdroplet cultivation techniques for Ganoderma lucidum.

Ganoderma lucidum is known for its bioactive compounds, such as polysaccharides and triterpenoids, which are crucial in food and medicine. However, liquid fermentation encounters challenges in terms of strain differentiation and stability. In this research, we employed atmospheric room temperature plasma mutation and a microbial microdroplet culture system to identify strains with enhanced biomass and triterpenoid production. The three mutant strains, YB05, YB09, and YB18, exhibited accelerated growth rates and antagonized the initial strain G0023 more effectively than the controls. Notably, YB18 displayed the fastest growth, with a 17.25% increase in colony radius. Shake flask cultivation demonstrated that, compared with the initial strain, YB05 and YB18 had 26.33% and 17.85% greater biomass, respectively. Moreover, the triterpenoid production of YB05 and YB18 surpassed that of the control by 32.10% and 15.72%, respectively, as confirmed by colorimetric detection. Importantly, these mutant strains remained stable for five generations. This study revealed a comprehensive screening system utilizing atmospheric pressure, room temperature plasma mutation technology and microbial droplet cultivation. This innovative approach offers a promising pathway for obtaining advantageous Ganoderma strains for liquid fermentation. The methodology of atmospheric room temperature plasma mutation and microbial microdroplet culture systems is detailed for better comprehension.

Large-area synthesis of high-quality beta-MnO(2) nanowires and the mechanism of formation through a facile mineralization process.

High-quality large-area beta-MnO(2) nanowires can be easily synthesized using KNO(3) as the mineralizing agent in a process of mineralization from Mn(NO(3))(2) aqueous solution. The morphological evolution of the beta-MnO(2) nanowires and the influences of mineralizing agents and their concentrations on the morphology of the final products were investigated in detail. KNO(3) was the best mineralizing agent among KNO(3), NaNO(3), KCl, and NaCl. More interestingly, when the concentration of the mineralizing agent KNO(3) was not saturated, only irregular short faceted nanorods, instead of nanowires, can be observed. Finally, the formation mechanism is discussed.