The Mediating and Moderating Role of Resilience Between Stigma and Illness Identity Among People with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background: Stigma is assumed to lead to negative illness identity in one who got chronic illness, and there is a lack of understanding regarding the underly mechanisms. However, no research has examined the extent to which stigma was associated with illness identity in people with IBD. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between stigma and illness identity, specifically to examine whether resilience mediated or moderated the relationship. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed among patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease from three tertiary hospitals in Jiangsu Province, China. Measurement instruments included the Stigma Scale for Chronic Illness (SSCI), the Resilience Scale for Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (RS-IBD), and the Illness Identity questionnaire (IIQ). Mediation and moderated mediation analyses were conducted. Results: A total of 322 patients with IBD were involved in the current study. We observed that there was a strong connection between stigma and rejection and engulfment. Moreover, resilience played a partial or complete mediating role in stigma and engulfment, acceptance and enrichment, and resilience moderates the relationship between stigma and rejection. Conclusion: The current study examined whether resilience mediated or moderated the relationship between stigma and illness identity. These finding add to the theoretical basis of how stigma influences illness identity and help guide the resilience into engulfment reduction programs for IBD.

Translation and validation of the Chinese version of the BCPT Eight Symptom Scale (BESS) in patients with breast cancer.

Objective: This study aimed to translate the Breast Cancer Prevention Trial Eight Symptom Scale (BESS) into Chinese and subsequently examine the latent constructs and psychometric properties of the Chinese BESS (C-BESS) among patients with breast cancer. Methods: In Phase 1, the BESS was translated from English into Chinese using the FACIT translation method. An expert panel was convened to assess the content validity, and pilot testing was performed with 20 patients with breast cancer. In Phase 2, a total of 427 patients with breast cancer from four Grade-A public hospitals in China were recruited to examine psychometric properties of the C-BESS. The internal consistency was evaluated based on the Cronbach's α, and the construct validity was tested using confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. Results: The C-BESS demonstrated satisfactory content validity index (item-level content validity index [I-CVI]: 0.8-1.0; scale-level content validity index [S-CVI]: 0.97). The Cronbach's α value for the entire C-BESS scale was 0.92. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that eight-factor structure of the C-BESS was a good fit to the data (CFI = 0.959, AGFI = 0.904, RMSEA = 0.05, RMR = 0.029). The scale exhibited good convergent validity and discriminant validity. Conclusions: This study translated and validated the C-BESS for use in the Chinese population. The results demonstrate that the C-BESS exhibits good reliability and validity, with ideal psychometric properties for assessing the symptom burden in Chinese patients with breast cancer. This tool can be effectively integrated into the routine symptom monitoring of patients with breast cancer in China, helping Chinese clinical professionals in conducting comprehensive assessments of symptom burden.

Suffering and adjustment: a grounded theory of the process of coping with financial toxicity among young women with breast cancer.

PURPOSE: To explore the process of coping with financial toxicity among young women with breast cancer and formulate a grounded theory that serves as a foundation for creating intervention strategies aimed at supporting cancer survivors. METHODS: A qualitative study using the Corbin and Strauss variant of grounded theory. A series of in-depth interviews were carried out with young women with breast cancer (n = 29) using the theoretical sampling method. We analyzed data by coding core categories in the patients' coping processes and developing theory around these categories. Data collection and analysis were performed simultaneously. RESULTS: A substantial theory of the process of coping with financial toxicity among young female breast cancer survivors was constructed. Two core concepts, suffering and adjustment, were identified. Young women with breast cancer suffered from financial toxicity, which was related to risk factors, coping resources, and unmet needs. To overcome financial toxicity, young women with breast cancer adjusted by reshaping consumption concept, re-dividing of family functions, re-planning of occupation career, and rebuilding life confidence. CONCLUSION: This qualitative study constructed a theory delineating the coping strategies employed by young women with breast cancer in response to financial toxicity, offering profound insights into the intricacies of cancer-related financial toxicity. Identifying risk factors, enhancing coping resources, and meeting unmet needs would be helpful to patients' adjustment to financial stress.

Symptom experience in endocrine therapy for breast cancer patients: A qualitative systematic review and meta-synthesis.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to systematically integrate the experience of symptoms of breast cancer patients receiving endocrine therapy, analyze the patients' understanding and coping status of symptoms, and provide information for the development of targeted symptom management measures. Methods: We searched databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, MEDLINE (Ovid), Web of Science, EMBASE (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), and ProQuest from inception to September 25, 2023. Literature was screened and analyzed using Endnote software, evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool for Qualitative Research, and the results were integrated using JBI's Pooled Integration Methodology. Results: Three composite findings were derived from 10 studies: symptom distress during endocrine therapy; coping in symptom experience; and support needs. Conclusions: Emphasis should be placed on the symptomatic experience of breast cancer patients undergoing endocrine therapy, and effective interventions should be developed to improve patients' medication compliance and quality of life. Finally, the long-term survival rate of patients is improved. Systematic review registration: CRD42023466073.

Symptom Profiles and Related Factors Among Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Endocrine Therapy: A Latent Profile Analysis.

BACKGROUND: To provide person-centered symptom management, the interindividual variability in breast cancer patients merits further exploration. However, how sociodemographic and clinical characteristics influence symptom profile membership in endocrine therapy for breast cancer is still unknown. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to explore symptom profiles of breast cancer patients undergoing endocrine therapy and to identify sociodemographic and clinical characteristics among symptom subgroup members. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted, and participants were invited to complete a general information questionnaire and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Endocrine Subscale. Latent profile analysis, univariate analysis, and multinomial logistic regression were performed to explore symptom profiles and identify interindividual variability. RESULTS: Three distinct subgroups were identified: "all high" (9.8%), "all moderate but high sexual symptoms" (25.4%), and "all low" (64.8%). Age, body mass index, main payment source for medical expenses, type of endocrine therapy, and history of breast cancer treatment were factors that determined membership in these 3 symptom subgroups. CONCLUSION: Patients' demographic and clinical characteristics were associated with their endocrine therapy-related symptom profiles. In general, those younger in age who pay out of pocket for medical expenses, use aromatase inhibitors, present a history of chemotherapy, and have a higher body mass index have a greater risk of symptom burden. IMPLICATION FOR PRACTICE: The findings of this study will contribute to implementing individual cancer care based on the characteristics and needs of patient subgroups, which may improve the allocation of medical resources and provide interventions tailored to patients' unique needs.

Psychological and reproductive decision-making experiences of young women after breast cancer diagnosis: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer has the highest incidence rate among malignant tumors in China, with a trend of affecting younger women. The treatment has short- and long-term adverse effects such as damage to the ovaries, which may result in infertility. Such consequences then increase patients' concerns over future reproduction. At present, nor do medical staffs continuously assess their overall well-being, or ensure that they have the knowledge necessary to manage their reproductive concerns. This qualitative study aimed to explore psychological and reproductive decision-making experiences of young women who had experienced childbirth after their diagnosis. METHODS: The phenomenological research, as a kind of qualitative study, was conducted on 12 young women who experienced childbirth after breast cancer diagnosis. Data collection was from September 2021 to January 2022 and content analysis method was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Five main themes were identified: (1) desire for childbearing from individual, familial, and social aspects after the diagnosis of breast cancer; (2) emotional experiences through pregnancy till raising children; (3) support needs from professionals, family, and peer; (4) self and doctors' influencing factors on reproductive decision-making; and (5) satisfaction with the outcome of reproductive decision-making. CONCLUSIONS: The desire for childbearing of young women should be considered during the reproductive decision-making process. A multidisciplinary team is suggested to be set up to provide professional support. During the reproductive process, professional and peer support should be strengthened to improve decision-making abilities, alleviate negative emotional experience, and smoothen the process of reproductive experience for young patients.

Symptom Clusters and Quality of Life in Patients With Breast Cancer Receiving Endocrine Therapy in China.

OBJECTIVES: Breast cancer patients undergoing endocrine therapy experience various symptoms that have long-term effects on their quality of life. However, which symptom clusters are expressed and affect patients' quality of life remain significantly controversial. Therefore, we aimed to explore symptom clusters among breast cancer patients receiving endocrine therapy and identify the impact of these clusters on their quality of life. DATA SOURCES: This secondary analysis of data from a cross-sectional study aimed to explore the symptom experiences and quality of life of breast cancer patients receiving endocrine therapy. The participants were invited to complete the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B) and Endocrine Subscale (ES). Principal component analysis, Spearman correlation analyses, and multiple linear regression were used to explore symptom clusters and identify their influence on quality of life. CONCLUSION: Data from 613 participants were obtained, and 19 symptoms were included in the principal component analysis, which identified five symptom clusters: the systemic, pain and emotional, sexual, vaginal, and vasomotor symptom clusters. Adjustment for covariates revealed that the systemic and pain and emotional symptom clusters were negative predictors of quality of life. The fitted model explained approximately 38.1% of the variance. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: This study demonstrated that breast cancer patients receiving endocrine therapy experienced symptoms that tended to occur in five clusters (i.e., systemic, pain and emotional, sexual, vaginal, and vasomotor symptoms). Developing interventions for the systemic and pain and emotional symptom clusters may effectively improve patients' quality of life.

Contemporaneous symptom networks and correlates during endocrine therapy among breast cancer patients: A network analysis.

Background: Endocrine therapy-related symptoms are associated with early discontinuation and quality of life among breast cancer survivors. Although previous studies have examined these symptoms and clinical covariates, little is known about the interactions among different symptoms and correlates. This study aimed to explore the complex relationship of endocrine therapy-related symptoms and to identify the core symptoms among breast cancer patients. Methods: This is a secondary data analysis conducted based on a multicenter cross-sectional study of 613 breast cancer patients in China. All participants completed the 19-item Chinese version of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Endocrine Subscale (FACT-ES). Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to identify significant factors. A contemporaneous network with 15 frequently occurring symptoms was constructed after controlling for age, payment, use of aromatase inhibitors, and history of surgery. Network comparison tests were used to assess differences in network structure across demographic and treatment characteristics. Results: All 613 participants were female, with an average age of 49 years (SD = 9.4). The average duration of endocrine therapy was 3.6 years (SD = 2.3) and the average symptom score was 18.99 (SD = 11.43). Irritability (n = 512, 83.52%) and mood swings (n = 498, 81.24%) were the most prevalent symptoms. Lost interest in sex (mean = 1.95, SD = 1.39) and joint pain (mean = 1.57, SD = 1.18) were the most severe symptoms. The edges in the clusters of emotional symptoms ("irritability-mood swings"), vasomotor symptoms ("hot flashes-cold sweats-night sweats"), vaginal symptoms ("vaginal discharge-vaginal itching"), sexual symptoms ("pain or discomfort with intercourse-lost interest in sex-vaginal dryness"), and neurological symptoms ("headaches-dizziness") were the thickest in the network. There were no significant differences in network structure (P = 0.088), and global strength (P = 0.330) across treatment types (selective estrogen receptor modulators vs. aromatase inhibitors). Based on an evaluation of the centrality indices, irritability and mood swings appeared to be structurally important nodes after adjusting for the clinical covariates and after performing subgroup comparisons. Conclusion: Endocrine therapy-related symptoms are frequently reported issues among breast cancer patients. Our findings demonstrated that developing targeted interventions focused on emotional symptoms may relieve the overall symptom burden for breast cancer patients during endocrine therapy.

An investigation into the reproductive concerns of young women with breast cancer.

Objective: Breast cancer has the highest incidence rate among malignant tumors in China, with a trend of affecting younger women. The survival rate of young patients with breast cancer has improved significantly, but the treatment to which they are subjected has short- and long-term adverse effects such as damage to the ovaries, which may result in infertility. Such consequences, in turn, increase patients' concerns over future reproduction and childrearing. At present, patients lack easy access to the informative consultations and accurate patient education. Nor do medical staff continuously assess their overall wellbeing, engage in mental health interventions, or ensure that they have the knowledge necessary to manage their reproductive concerns. This study sought to investigate the reproductive concerns of young female patients with breast cancer, identify the factors that influence those concerns, and provide a theoretical and practical scientific basis for the future fertility management of this specific population. Methods: Our study is based on a cross-sectional survey of 112 young patients with breast cancer recruited by a convenience sampling method in the Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, from October 2020 to January 2021. A self-designed questionnaire and the Chinese version of the Reproductive Concerns After Cancer were used for data collection. Multivariable linear regression was performed to analyze the data. Results: The total score for reproductive concerns was 59.96 â€‹± â€‹9.91, indicating that young women with breast cancer have relatively high levels of concern about reproduction. Multivariable linear regression analyses suggested that age, education level, and the desire for parenthood were the factors that influenced these concerns. The younger the patient, the higher the level of concern. Patients with a higher level of education and a greater desire for parenthood indicated greater levels of concern about reproductive issues. Conclusions: The levels of concern about reproduction expressed by these young patients with breast cancer were high. The factors that influenced their concern were their age, education level, and desire to have children. We suggest that medical staff focus on young patients during treatment and develop effective intervention measures based on their desire for parenthood, disease condition, and psychological status to promote the patients' physical and mental health.

Persistent Abnormal Immunocytes Induced Systemic Bone Loss in Locally Irradiated Rats.

Chronic and systemic bone complications frequently occur in patients who undergo radiotherapy; however, the pathological mechanisms underlying these complications remain unclear. This study aimed to observe persistent and systemic changes in locally irradiated rats and to determine the systemic pathological changes that persistently affect bone metabolism. We examined the inflammatory and oxidative stress responses that occurred after local irradiation using enzyme immunoassays and biochemical analyses. Lymphocytes obtained from the blood, spleen, thymus, and bone marrow were evaluated using flow cytometry. The proliferation and apoptosis characteristics of co-cultured bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were detected by MTT assay and PI/Annexin V-FITC staining, respectively, and the differentiation of BMSCs was measured according to alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, alizarin red staining, and Oil Red O staining and by evaluating the mRNA expression of ALP, osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), collagen I, Runx2, and PPARγ. Our results revealed that no significant or continuous differences were present in the inflammatory response or the oxidative stress response throughout the body after local irradiation. B lymphocyte levels increased continuously in the blood, spleen, and bone marrow after local irradiation. T lymphocyte levels were decreased at 2 weeks after local irradiation, and CD8+T lymphocyte levels were increased in the blood, thymus, and bone marrow at 12 weeks after local irradiation. The ratio of CD4+/CD8+T lymphocytes began to decrease during the early phase after local irradiation and became significantly decreased at 12 weeks after local irradiation. Normal BMSCs co-cultured with lymphocytes derived from irradiated rats exhibited decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis, and the ALP staining intensity, alizarin red staining intensity, and mRNA expression of related genes were all also decreased. Oil Red O staining intensity and mRNA expression of PPARγ were both increased. Lymphocyte levels contribute to chronic and systemic bone complications after radiotherapy by inhibiting the proliferation and osteoblastogenesis of BMSCs.

A Short-Term Effect of Wearable Technology-Based Lifestyle Intervention on Body Composition in Stage I-III Postoperative Breast Cancer Survivors.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: A healthy body composition can improve the prognosis of breast cancer survivors. The study aimed to describe the body composition profile of breast cancer survivors and find out whether a short-term (3 months) wearable device-based lifestyle intervention had an effect on patients' body weight and body composition. METHODS: A before-and-after study was conducted on patients with stage I-III postoperative breast cancer, aged 18-70 years. Body composition was analyzed at baseline, and then patients went for a health education program. A wearable activity tracker and a goal of calorie consumption based on each individual's weight were provided to each participant, and they were required to be equipped for 90 days. After 3 months, body composition was analyzed again. RESULTS: Of 113 patients who completed the study, 65.49% showed a normal body mass index (BMI) at baseline assessment, 71.68% had a body fat percentage of more than 30%, and 41.59% had less skeleton muscle mass. During the intervention, the daily step count was 8,851.28 ± 2,399.31, and 59.21% reached the set goal calorie consumption. After a 3-month intervention, the patients had a significant reduction in body weight, fat mass, BMI, body fat percentage, and visceral fat area, but not in protein mass and skeleton muscle mass. Patients of different age, molecular classification, and therapy benefited from the intervention. CONCLUSION: Wearable technology with body composition analysis and health education for breast cancer survivors may help reduce weight and improve body composition even in a short time. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=40672, identifier ChiCTR1900024258.

Physical and psychological effects of different temperature-controlled breast prostheses on patients with breast cancer during rehabilitation: a randomized controlled study (CONSORT).

BACKGROUND: Breast loss causes negative influence on women physically, psychologically, and socially. Breast prosthesis can improve patient's figure externally, increase self-confidence, thus improving quality of life (QOL). Prospective study of different breast prostheses has not yet been performed in China. Our objective was to evaluate the QOL of patients wearing different types of breast prostheses and to compare the physical and psychological effects of different temperature-controlled breast prostheses on patients. METHODS: Thirty patients with breast cancer were recruited through the Yankang E-follow-up Platform at the Department of Breast Surgery of Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center and were randomized into either intervention or control group. Random number tables were used in this study for randomization. In the first 6 weeks of the study, self-adhesive breast prostheses and conventional breast prostheses had been used in the intervention and control group, respectively. In the later 6 weeks, the breast prostheses used were switched into another kind. Several dimensional parameters including skin conditions, breast prosthesis knowledge, breast prosthesis knowledge, QOL, and body image were examined by different questionnaires in the end of both 6th and 12th week. RESULTS: There were no significant difference in QOL and body image between the 2 groups during 6th and 12th week. At the 6th week of the study, patients of the intervention group preferred to the self-adhesive breast prosthesis, indicating that the self-adhesive breast prosthesis seemed more likely to feel like part of their body, while prosthesis cleaning remaining their biggest concern. At the end of 12th week, in comparison with the number at 6th week, more patients in both groups were willing to choose self-adhesive breast prosthesis. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that women are satisfied with the temperature-controlled breast prosthesis and are more willing to choose self-adhesive breast prostheses although cleaning remains a problem. In China, patients still lack information about breast prostheses. Therefore, specialist breast nurses should provide comprehensive information about breast prostheses, assist patients in selecting suitable breast prostheses, collect feedback about the prostheses, and reduce each patient's physical and mental discomfort.

Characteristics of Mammographic Breast Density and Associated Factors for Chinese Women: Results from an Automated Measurement.

BACKGROUND: Characteristics of mammographic density for Chinese women are understudied. This study aims to identify factors associated with mammographic density in China using a quantitative method. METHODS: Mammographic density was measured for a total of 1071 (84 with and 987 without breast cancer) women using an automatic algorithm AutoDensity. Pearson tests examined relationships between density and continuous variables and t-tests compared differences of mean density values between groupings of categorical variables. Linear models were built using multiple regression. RESULTS: Percentage density and dense area were positively associated with each other for cancer-free (r=0.487, p<0.001) and cancer groups (r=0.446, p<0.001), respectively. For women without breast cancer, weight and BMI (p<0.001) were found to be negatively associated (r=-0.237, r=-0.272) with percentage density whereas they were found to be positively associated (r=0.110, r=0.099) with dense area; age at mammography was found to be associated with percentage density (r=-0.202, p<0.001) and dense area (r=-0.086, p<0.001) but did not add any prediction within multivariate models; lower percentage density was found within women with secondary education background or below compared to women with tertiary education. For women with breast cancer, percentage density demonstrated similar relationships with that of cancer-free women whilst breast area was the only factor associated with dense area (r=0.739, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: This is the first time that mammographic density was measured by a quantitative method for women in China and identified associations should be useful to health policy makers who are responsible for introducing effective models of breast cancer prevention and diagnosis.

Concurrent neoadjuvant chemotherapy and estrogen deprivation in patients with estrogen receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast cancer (CBCSG-036): A randomized, controlled, multicenter trial.

BACKGROUND: The current randomized, controlled, multicenter clinical trial was conducted to investigate the efficacy of concurrent neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) and estrogen deprivation in patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer. METHODS: Eligible patients with AJCC stage IIB to stage IIIC, ER-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive NCT with or without estrogen deprivation. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR). RESULTS: A total of 249 patients were assigned to either neoadjuvant chemoendocrine therapy (NCET) (125 patients) or the NCT group (124 patients). In the intention-to-treat analysis, the ORR was found to be significantly higher in the NCET group compared with the NCT group (84.8% vs 72.6%; odds ratio, 2.11 [95% CI, 1.13-3.95; P = .02). The efficacy of NCET was more prominent in tumors with a higher Ki-67 index (>20%), with an ORR of 91.2% reported in the NCET group versus 68.7% in the NCT group (P = .001). The pathologic complete response and pathological response rates did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. Although there was no significant difference with regard to progression-free survival (PFS) between the 2 groups (P = .188), patients with a higher baseline Ki-67 index appeared to derive a greater PFS benefit from NCET (2-year PFS rate of 91.5% in the NCET group vs 76.5% in the NCT group; P = .058). Adding endocrine agents to NCT did not result in significant differences in adverse events (grade 3 or 4; graded according to National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [version 3.0]) between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of estrogen deprivation to NCT appears to improve the clinical response in patients with ER-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer, especially for those individuals with a higher Ki-67 index. Patients with a higher Ki-67 index might derive more PFS benefit from concurrent neoadjuvant treatment.

The lymph node ratio as an independent prognostic factor for node-positive triple-negative breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the lymph node ratio (LNR) in patients with axillary lymph node-positive triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). METHODS: The prognostic efficacy was investigated in the first cohort from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) dataset (n=4114) and was further validated in an independent cohort from Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (n=417). Patients were classified into low-, medium- and high-risk LNR groups. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis revealed that the LNR was an independent predictor of overall survival (hazard ratio (HR) for high-risk LNR: 3.24; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.56 to 4.09) and breast cancer-specific survival (HR for high-risk LNR: 3.57; 95% CI: 2.76 to 4.62) in the SEER population and also for disease-free survival (HR for high-risk LNR: 4.29; 95% CI: 2.24-8.21) in the validation population. Subgroup analysis revealed that patient classification according to the LNR could discriminate among groups of patients with different survival rates based on pathological nodal (pN) staging. CONCLUSION: The LNR shows potential for use as an additional prognostic factor for TNBC patients with positive lymph node involvement. Considering the heterogeneity of TNBC, use of the LNR might allow for optimization of the pN staging system and should be considered when making treatment decisions.

Economic Injury Level and Demography-Based Control Timing Projection of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) at Different Growth Stages of Arachis hypogaea.

Spodoptera litura (F.), one of the most devastating pests in many Asian countries, is normally controlled by relying on chemical insecticides. To encourage an integrated pest management approach, we determined the economic injury level (EIL) for S. litura on peanut, Arachis hypogaea L., by larval infestation with late instars at different crop growth stages. The cumulative consumption rate of the fifth- and sixth-instars was used as the relative unit for the "Spodoptera injury equivalent" (SIE). The yield of marketable pods significantly decreased from 6.19 to 1.63 g.plant-1 as larval infestation intensity increased throughout the entire cropping season. When supplemented with timely applications of the insecticide, indoxacarb, an oxadiazine insecticide, the EIL values obtained in the larval infestation trial ranged from 3.26 to 13.47 SIE per 20 plants depending on the timing of initial infestation. The economic threshold (ET) for late instars, i.e., multiplying the EIL by 0.75, could not be utilized as a control timing index for the outbreak of injurious larvae population because of the time-lag. When the occurrence of natural mortality in the egg to pupal stage was considered, the ETs were adjusted to reflect the average survivorship. ETs of 27.3, 55.9, 51.3, and 112.6 eggs.m-2 were recommended at the early vegetative growth, blooming/pegging, pod-setting, and pod-filling stages, respectively, for initiating control measures. By simulating the pest population with the program, Timing-MSChart, we integrated the stage-specific EILs and ETs with the life-table data of S. litura on peanut and then proposed a demography-based control timing.

Luminal B subtype: a key factor for the worse prognosis of young breast cancer patients in China.

BACKGROUND: The prognoses of young breast cancer patients are poor. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the different characteristics and prognoses among different subtypes of young breast cancer patients. METHODS: The study included 1360 patients <40 years-old (y) and 3110 patients 40-50y with operable breast cancer in Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University. The characteristics, overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were compared. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 54.1 months. More grade III tumors and more lymph-vascular invasions (P < 0.01) were presented in <40y group when compared with 40-50y group. More patients <40y presented with Luminal B (25.3% vs. 17.5%, P < 0.01) and triple negative (16.7% vs. 13.4%, P < 0.05) breast cancer while fewer had Luminal A tumor (48.5% vs. 59.2%, P < 0.01). Younger patients with tumors of both Luminal A and Luminal B types were at increased risk for worse DFS (P = 0.03, HR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.05-2.72; P < 0.01, HR = 3.61, 95% CI = 2.50-5.22) when compared with the older patients. Patients <40y with Luminal B tumor had a two point five fold higher risk of death compared with older counterparts (P < 0.01, HR = 2.54, 95% CI = 1.35-4.79), however, a worse overall survival rate was not observed in the younger women with Luminal A breast cancer (P > 0.05). In multivariate analysis, Luminal B subtype was also a strong predictor of disease relapse (HR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.19, P < 0.01) in younger patients with Luminal subtype tumors. CONCLUSION: Characteristics of breast cancer suggested a more aggressive biology in Chinese patients with breast cancer diagnosed at young age. Luminal B subtype may have a negative effect on the prognosis of young patients in China which should be validated further.

Cisplatin improves antitumor activity of weekly nab-paclitaxel in patients with metastatic breast cancer.

Although nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) is approved to be given every 3 weeks, weekly use of this drug is becoming a new standard of care in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). This prospective Phase II study was conducted to improve the efficacy of weekly nab-paclitaxel with cisplatin in MBC patients. Seventy-three women with recurrent or MBC were eligible for participation. Nab-paclitaxel was administered weekly at a dose of 125 mg/m(2) on day 1, day 8, and day 15, followed by cisplatin 75 mg/m(2) on day 1, repeated every 28 days with a maximum of 6 cycles. The primary objective was investigator-assessed overall response rate (ORR). A high ORR of 67.1% was obtained, with rates of 80.6% for the first-line patients and 80% for patients not pretreated with taxanes. Among those who had objective responses, a large percentage of patients (83.7%) showed quickly remarkable tumor shrinkage during the first two cycles. The median progression-free and overall survival times were 9.8 and 26.9 months, respectively. For the patients receiving first-, second-, and third-line therapy or beyond, median progression-free survival was 11.7, 7.7, and 7.6 months, respectively (P=0.005). Molecular subtype was not significantly associated with ORR or disease progression. Grade 4 neutropenia occurred in 46 patients (63.0%), with febrile neutropenia found in 9 patients (12.3%). Grade 3 peripheral neuropathy was an accumulated dose-limiting toxicity occurring in 19 patients (26.0%). Efficacy of weekly nab-paclitaxel can be improved by adding cisplatin. The doublet is highly effective, with quick response, manageable toxicity, and possible equivalence across molecular subtypes in MBC patients.

A cross-sectional study of elderly Asian and European women with primary operable breast cancer aged 70 and older. Are there differences?

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) is becoming a disease of the elderly. Additionally, BC-incidence is rising in Asia. The aim of this study was to explore clinico-pathological characteristics and differences of breast cancer in elderly Asian/Han-Chinese compared to Caucasian/Austrian women. METHODS: A total number of 630 consecutive primary operable, unilateral breast cancer cases, 70 years and older, were analyzed. Histo-pathological findings and biological characteristics of 198 Caucasian/Austrian were compared with 432 Asian/Han-Chinese. Pearson's chi-square test was used to assess differences in the analyzed populations. RESULTS: A significantly higher rate of triple-negative BC (p=0.027) was diagnosed among the Chinese geriatric population. More estrogen-receptor positive BC was detected in the Caucasian study group (p<0.001). No statistically significant differences were detected based on tumor size, axillary lymph-node status, nor HER2-receptor expression. CONCLUSION: This study will help us gain additional ethnic-specific insight into the biological characteristics of breast cancer in the elderly Caucasian/Austrian and Asian/Han-Chinese populations.