Metabolic Syndrome and Tendon Disease: A Comprehensive Review.

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a multifaceted pathological condition characterized by the atypical accumulation of various metabolic components such as central obesity or excess weight, hyperlipidemia, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), hypertension, and insulin resistance. Recently, MS has been recognized as a notable contributor to heart and circulatory diseases. In addition, with increasing research, the impact of MS on tendon repair and disease has gradually emerged. Recent studies have investigated the relationship between tendon healing and diseases such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, and other metabolic disorders. However, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypercholesterolemia, obesity, and various metabolic disorders often coexist and together constitute MS. At present, insulin resistance is considered the major pathological mechanism underlying MS, central obesity is regarded as the predominant factor responsible for it, and dyslipidemia and other metabolic diseases are known as secondary contributors to MS. This review aims to evaluate the current literature regarding the impact of various pathological conditions in MS on tendon recovery and illness, and to present a comprehensive overview of the effects of MS on tendon recovery and diseases, along with the accompanying molecular mechanisms.

Thermosensitive molecularly imprinted polymer coupled with HPLC for selective enrichment and determination of matrine in traditional Chinese medicine.

In this study, a temperature-sensitive molecularly imprinted polymer was prepared by using the bifunctional monomer with the critical phase transition characteristics. Infrared spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, and specific surface area testing were used to characterize the polymers. Then, the recognizing properties of the polymers were studied. Based on the prepared smart polymers, an SPE-HPLC analytical method for the determination of quinolizidine alkaloids in the extracts of Sophora flavescens was established and verified. Finally, the smart polymers were applied to the enrichment of quinolizidine alkaloids in plant extracts. By changing the temperature and solvents of the solid phase extraction conditions, the extraction process can increase the concentration of quinolizidine alkaloids by 4.3 to 5.2 folds. The extraction process has mild conditions and less time consumption, avoiding the use of a large number of toxic reagents, which indicate that the extraction process are more efficient and environmentally friendly.

Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 Levels Predict Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Men With Type 2 Diabetes.

Objective: Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) plays an indispensable role in regulating bile acid, glucose, and lipid metabolism, and alterations of its circulating concentration is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Atherosclerosis is directly related to the death-deriving diabetic macroangiopathy in T2D, yet relationships between FGF19 and atherosclerosis in T2D remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of circulating FGF19 levels with the development of subclinical atherosclerosis (subAS) in patients with T2D in a 3-year prospective study. Methods: In the present study, 153 newly diagnosed T2D patients without subAS were recruited at baseline, and 137 of them completed a 3-year follow-up. FGF19 levels were measured in fasting serum samples collected at baseline and the third-year visits. Carotid, femoral, and iliac intima-media thickness (IMT) were detected by high-resolution B-mode ultrasound to determine the presence of subAS. Logistic regression analysis was applied to assess the relationship between serum FGF19 and subAS in patients with T2D. Results: At baseline, serum FGF19 levels were positively correlated with carotid IMT and iliac IMT in men (r = 0.239, P = 0.036; r = 0.309, P = 0.006). At the 3-year follow-up, 25 out of 153 patients developed subAS, and FGF19 levels in men were higher in the subAS group than in the non-subAS group [202.7 (177.9-373.6) vs. 133.4 (85.6-171.3) pg/ml, P = 0.028]. Furthermore, in men, higher baseline levels of FGF19 were independently associated with a greater risk of subAS at year 3 in patients with T2D with an odds ratio (OR) of 4.798 per 1 standard deviation (SD) of the FGF19 concentration [OR = 4.798 (95% CI, 1.680-13.706), P = 0.003]. Baseline FGF19 levels yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.769 to predict the development of subAS at year 3 in men with T2D. Conclusions: Serum FGF19 levels could help in predicting the development of atherosclerosis in men with T2D.

Clinical effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy on alcohol-dependent patients: an observation with the WeChat platform.

BACKGROUND: With the continuous improvement of people's material living standards, the consumption of alcoholic beverages is increasing. Alcohol dependence caused by alcohol addiction has become a widespread concern in society. As the brand-new medical and health model created by the modern biomedical technology revolution and the information technology revolution, mobile health has been used more and more widely in the field of medical health with the characteristics of convenience, rapidity and generalisability. With the general use of the social software WeChat, it is feasible to implement mobile health on the WeChat platform. AIM: We aimed to explore the clinical effect of WeChat platform used in the cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) on the maintenance period of alcohol dependence and addiction. METHODS: Seventy alcohol-dependent patients in the withdrawal maintenance stage admitted into our hospital were randomly divided into the CBT on WeChat platform group (the experiment group, n=35) and the general clinical treatment using sertraline group (the control group, n=35) with block randomisation grouping. They were evaluated with the Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire (SADQ-C) before the treatment, at the end of the fourth week, at the end of the eighth week and at the end of the twelfth week of treatment. In addition, Zung's Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) were employed to evaluate the degree of anxiety and depression of the two groups. RESULTS: The SADQ-C, SAS and SDS scores of the two groups after treatment decreased markedly compared with those before treatments, and the differences were statistically significant. Between-group comparison: the SADQ-C scores of the experiment group at the end of the fourth, eighth and twelfth weeks were lower than those of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant, which indicated that the score reduction in the experiment group was larger than that in the control group. The SAS and SDS scores of the experiment group at these time points were not significantly different from those of the control group, which indicated that these two treatment methods were comparable in treating patients' anxiety and depression. CONCLUSION: The CBT intervention using WeChat may improve the subjectively reported severity of alcohol dependence of patients who had completed detoxification. It is conducive to prevention of relapse, and is convenient for patients. It is worthy of clinical application and further study.

[Successful simultaneous surgery for patient with insulinoma and parathyroid adenoma relevant to multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: A case report].

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is an autosomal dominant disorder. A 44-year-old man visited second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University due to hypoglycemia. He was eventually diagnosed as MEN1. A novel homozygous frameshift for c.640-643delCAGA (p.V215Mfs*13) of MEN1 gene was identified in the patient. After MDT (Multiple Disciplinary Team), open bilateral exploration with total parathyroidectomy and autotransplantation as well as partial pancreatectomy excision of all the macroscopic pancreatic tumors were performed at the same time. The patient recovered well. Individualized diagnosis and treatment are important for MEN1 patients.

Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Actinidia Melanandra (Actinidiaceae).

The whole chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of Actinidia melanandra has been characterized from Illumina pair-end sequencing. The complete cp genome was 156,124 bp in length, containing a large single-copy region (LSC) of 88,006 bp and a small single-copy region (SSC) of 20,332 bp, which were separated by a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions of 23,893 bp. The genome contained 131 genes, including 84 protein-coding genes, 39 tRNA genes, and 8 ribosomal RNA genes (4 rRNA species). Most genes occur as a single copy, while 17 gene species are duplicated. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that A. melanandra is closely related to the species of A. deliciosa and A. chinensis.

Circulating adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein levels predict the development of subclinical atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the prospective association of circulating adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP) levels with the development of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes in an 8-year prospective study. METHODS: A total of 170 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes were recruited in the study and 133 patients completed the follow-up of 8 years. Baseline plasma A-FABP levels were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The role of A-FABP in predicting the development of subclinical atherosclerosis over 8 years was analyzed using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Of the 133 patients without subclinical atherosclerosis at baseline, a total of 100 had progressed to subclinical atherosclerosis over 8 years. Baseline A-FABP level was significantly higher in patients who had progressed to subclinical atherosclerosis at year 8 compared with ones who had not developed subclinical atherosclerosis after adjustment for sex (15.3 [12.1-23.2] versus 13.3 [10.0-18.9] ng/ml, P = 0.021). High baseline A-FABP level was an independent predictor for the development of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes (odds ratio: 16.24, P = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS: Circulating A-FABP levels predict the development of subclinical atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes patients.

Molecularly Imprinted Solid Phase Extraction using Bismethacryloyl-ß-cyclodextrin and Methacrylic Acid as Double Functional Monomers for Selective Analysis of Glycyrrhizic Acid in Aqueous Media.

In this work, a new molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction protocol was developed for the selective extraction and purification of glycyrrhizic acid from liquorice roots in aqueous media. The molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for glycyrrhizic acid were prepared by using bismethacryloyl-ß-cyclodextrin and methacrylic acid as double functional monomers and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, thermo gravimetric analysis, nitrogen adsorption and elemental analysis. In aqueous media, the adsorption properties of MIPs including adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherms and selectivity adsorption were investigated. The characterization of imprinted polymers indicated that the prepared MIPs had good stability and many cavity structures. The results of adsorption experiments illustrated the MIPs had high adsorption capacity of glycyrrhizic acid (69.3 mg g-1) with the imprinting factor 3.77, and it took ~5 min to get adsorption equilibrium. The MIPs could be used as an solid phase extraction sorbent absorbent for enrichment and purification of glycyrrhizic acid from the crude extraction of licorice roots, and the results showed promising practical value.

A novel surface molecularly imprinted polymer as the solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the selective determination of ampicillin sodium in milk and blood samples.

Surface molecularly imprinted polymers (SMIPs) for selective adsorption of ampicillin sodium were synthesized using surface molecular imprinting technique with silica gel as a support. The physical and morphological characteristics of the polymers were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), elemental analysis and nitrogen adsorption-desorption test. The obtained results showed that the SMIPs displayed great adsorption capacity (13.5 µg/mg), high recognition ability (the imprinted factor is 3.2) and good binding kinetics for ampicillin sodium. Finally, as solid phase extraction adsorbents, the SMIPs coupled with HPLC method were validated and applied for the enrichment, purification and determination of ampicillin sodium in real milk and blood samples. The averages of spiked accuracy ranged from 92.1% to 107.6%. The relative standard deviations of intra- and inter-day precisions were less than 4.6%. This study provides a new and promising method for enriching, extracting and determining ampicillin sodium in complex biological samples.

Preparation and evaluation of a molecularly imprinted sol-gel material as the solid-phase extraction adsorbents for the specific recognition of cloxacilloic acid in cloxacillin.

Highly selective molecularly imprinted polymers on the surface of silica gels were prepared by a sol-gel process and used as solid-phase extraction adsorbents for the specific recognition, enrichment and detection of cloxacilloic acid in cloxacillin. The obtained polymers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption and desorption, elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. The imprinted polymers not only possessed high adsorption capacity (6.5 µg/mg), but also exhibited fast adsorption kinetics (they adsorb 80% of the maximum amount within 20 min) and excellent selectivity (the imprinted factor was 3.6). A method using the imprinted polymers as solid-phase extraction adsorbents coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography was established with good specificity, linearity (r = 0.9962), precision (ranging from 0.5 to 6.7%), accuracy (ranging from 93.9 to 97.7%) and extraction recoveries (ranging from 78.8 to 89.8%). The limits of detection and quantification were 0.07 and 0.25 mg/g, respectively. This work could provide a promising method in the enrichment, extraction and detection of allergenic impurities in the manufacture, storage and application of cloxacillin.

Molecularly imprinted polymer cartridges coupled to liquid chromatography for simple and selective analysis of penicilloic acid and penilloic acid in milk by matrix solid-phase dispersion.

A simple, fast and sensitive method for determination of the degradation products of penicillin (penicilloic acid and penilloic acid) in milk samples has been developed by combining selective surface molecularly imprinted matrix solid-phase dispersion and high performance liquid chromatography (SMIPs-MSPD-HPLC). The selected dispersant SMIPs had high affinity for penicilloic acid and penilloic acid in milk matrix and the obtained extract was sufficiently clean for direct injection for HPLC analysis without any interference from the matrix. The proposed SMIPs-MSPD-HPLC method was validated for linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection and limit of quantitation. Linearity ranged from 0.04 to 4 µg g(-1) (correlation coefficient r(2) > 0.999). Recoveries of penicilloic acid from milk samples at different spiked levels were between 79.8 and 90.3%, with RSD values within 5.2-7.4%, and the limit of detection and limit of quantitation values were 0.04 and 0.13 µg g(-1), respectively. Recoveries of penilloic acid from milk samples at different spiked levels were between 77.4 and 86.2%, with RSD values within 3.1-6.4%, and the limit of detection and limit of quantitation values were 0.05 and 0.17 µg g(-1), respectively. The developed SMIPs-MSPD-HPLC method was successfully applied to direct determination of penicilloic acid and penilloic acid in milk samples.

Serum fibroblast growth factor 21 levels are related to subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes.

BACKGROUND: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a glucose and lipid metabolic regulator, has recently been demonstrated to be associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) such as carotid atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease and carotid artery plaques. However, the relationship between circulating FGF21 and subclinical atherosclerosis or atherosclerosis of other arteries such as the femoral and iliac artery remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the association of serum FGF21 with intima-media thickness (IMT) and subclinical atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS: Serum FGF21 levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 212 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients without clinical symptoms of atherosclerosis or cardiovascular diseases. IMT of the carotid, femoral, and iliac arteries were measured by high-resolution B-mode ultrasound to determine the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis, which was defined as having an IMT > 1.0 mm and/or plaque on one or more of the three arteries without any clinical manifestations. The relationship between serum FGF21 levels and subclinical atherosclerosis was analyzed. RESULTS: Serum FGF21 levels were significantly higher in patients with subclinical atherosclerosis compared to those without [261.3 (135.1-396.4) versus 144.9 (95.9-223.0) ng/L, P < 0.001]. These differences were also observed in both men and women with subclinical atherosclerosis compared to their respective groups without [men: 243.2 (107.6-337.0) versus 136.8 (83.6-212.8) ng/L, P = 0.048; women: 292.4 (174.2-419.9) versus 160.4 (115.3-258.5) ng/L, P = 0.001]. Moreover, serum FGF21 levels showed a significantly positive correlation with carotid IMT in women (r = 0.23, P = 0.018) and with iliac IMT in both genders (women: r = 0.27, P = 0.005; men: r = 0.22, P = 0.024). Multiple logistic regression analysis further showed that serum FGF21 was an independent impact factor for subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: Serum FGF21 is elevated in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, and positively correlates with carotid and iliac lesions in patients with subclinical atherosclerosis, especially in women. High levels of FGF21 may be a compensatory reaction to offset atherosclerosis.

Lipid profiling reveals different therapeutic effects of metformin and glipizide in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease.

OBJECTIVE: We recently demonstrated a beneficial effect of metformin compared with glipizide in type 2 diabetic patients regarding cardiovascular outcomes for 3-year treatment in the SPREAD-DIMCAD study. However, the potential mechanism for the clinical effects remains unclear. Here, we performed a comprehensive lipidomics study to evaluate the different lipid metabolites in serum samples obtained from participants in this study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight-mass spectrometry was used to evaluate the different lipid metabolites in serum samples obtained from the participants (21 patients in glipizide group and 23 patients in metformin group) before and after each year of treatment (at 0 [baseline], 1, 2, and 3 years of study drug administration). RESULTS: A total of 118 serum lipid molecular species was identified and quantified. During treatment, metformin induced a substantially greater change in serum lipid species compared with glipizide, especially at the 2- and 3-year time points (with 2, 11, and 12 lipid species being significantly different between the groups after each year of treatment [1, 2, or 3 years], P < 0.05). Among the significantly changed lipid species, three lipid metabolites were linked to long-term composite cardiovascular events (adjusted P < 0.05). After treatment, triacylglycerols (TAGs) of a relatively higher carbon number showed a clearly increased trend in metformin group compared with the glipizide group, whereas the changes in TAGs with different double bonds were minimal. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings revealed the differential therapeutic effects of metformin and glipizide on comprehensive lipidomics, which were comparable with their different long-term effects on cardiovascular outcomes.

Circulating lipocalin-2 and retinol-binding protein 4 are associated with intima-media thickness and subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes.

BACKGROUND: The lipocalin family proteins, including lipocalin-2 and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), are adipokines closely associated with obesity-related metabolic disorders. In this study, we evaluated the association of serum lipocalin-2 and RBP4 with intima-media thickness (IMT) and subclinical atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: Serum levels of lipocalin-2 and RBP4 were measured in 284 type 2 diabetic patients. Subclinical atherosclerosis was assessed by IMT at carotid, femoral and iliac arteries with ultrasound. Patients with subclinical atherosclerosis showed significantly higher circulating concentrations of lipocalin-2 and RBP4 when compared to those without [112.9 (86.4 to 202.1) µg/L versus 77.2(55.0-150.4) µg/L, 37.1(32.3-40.8) mg/L versus 23.2(20.1-29.2) mg/L, respectively; P = 0.002, P<0.001, respectively]. Moreover, positive correlations were observed between carotid IMT and lipocalin-2 (r = 0.170, P = 0.018) or RBP4 (r = 0.132, P = 0.040), femoral IMT and lipocalin-2 (r = 0.160, P = 0.027), as well as between iliac IMT and RBP4 (r = 0.241, P<0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis further demonstrated that these two adipokines were independent risk factors for subclinical atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSION: Circulating levels of lipocalin-2 and RBP4 are positively correlated with carotid IMT and subclinical atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes, which suggests a potential role of these two lipid-binding chaperones in the pathogenesis of vascular complications of diabetes.

Effects of metformin versus glipizide on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease.

OBJECTIVE: The two major classes of antidiabetic drugs, sulfonylureas and metformin, may differentially affect macrovascular complications and mortality in diabetic patients. We compared the long-term effects of glipizide and metformin on the major cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetic patients who had a history of coronary artery disease (CAD). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This study is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. A total of 304 type 2 diabetic patients with CAD, mean age = 63.3 years (range, 36-80 years), were enrolled. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either glipizide (30 mg daily) or metformin (1.5 g daily) for 3 years. The primary end points were times to the composite of recurrent cardiovascular events, including death from a cardiovascular cause, death from any cause, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or arterial revascularization. RESULTS: At the end of study drug administration, both groups achieved a significant decrease in the level of glycated hemoglobin (7.1% in the glipizide group and 7.0% in the metformin group). At a median follow-up of 5.0 years, 91 participants had developed 103 primary end points. Intention-to-treat analysis showed an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 0.54 (95% CI 0.30-0.90; P = 0.026) for the composites of cardiovascular events among the patients that received metformin, compared with glipizide. The secondary end points and adverse events were not significantly different between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with metformin for 3 years substantially reduced major cardiovascular events in a median follow-up of 5.0 years compared with glipizide. Our results indicated a potential benefit of metformin therapy on cardiovascular outcomes in high-risk patients.

Hypoadiponectinemia predicts impaired endothelium-independent vasodilation in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients: an 8-year prospective study.

BACKGROUND: Adiponectin is an adipokine with insulin-sensitising and anti-atherogenic properties. The aim of this study was to investigate whether low adiponectin levels predict the impairment of endothelial function in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients in an 8-year prospective study. METHODS: In the prospective study, we enrolled 133 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients without subclinical atherosclerosis and gave them intensive therapy; the mean treatment period was 8 years. Intensive treatment was a stepwise implementation of behavior modification and pharmacological therapy targeting hyperglycaemia, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and obesity. We measured baseline circulating adiponectin with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation by high-resolution vascular ultrasound. At year 8, 102 patients were reexamined for endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation. RESULTS: Sex-adjusted adiponectin level was positively correlated with endothelium-independent vasodilation both at baseline (r = 0.150, P = 0.043) and at year 8 (r = 0.339, P = 0.001), whereas no association was found between adiponectin and endothelium-dependent vasodilation. In a stepwise multivariate linear regression model, adiponectin was an independent predictor for impaired endothelium-independent vasodilation at year 8 (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Plasma adiponectin concentration was associated with endothelium-independent vasodilation and hypoadiponectinemia predicted the impairment of endothelium-independent vasodilation in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients under multifactorial intervention. These data support the causative link of impairment of endothelium-independent vasodilation with hypoadiponectinemia.

[Change of serum soluble CD14 level in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and its significance].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the correlation of serum soluble CD14 (sCD14) level with the injury of vascular endothelial cells and chronic low grade inflammation in newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHODS: ELISA was used to examine serum sCD14 and serum soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin) level, while immunoturbidimetric assay was used to detect serum high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP). RESULTS: The levels of serum sCD14, sE-selectin, and hsCRP in newly diagnosed T2DM group were higher than those in the euglycemic group [sCD14: (300.7+/-136.6) ng/mL vs. (273.3+/-86.0) ng/mL); sE-selectin: (21.3+/-7.7) ng/mL vs. (32.9+/-11.4) ng/mL; hsCRP: (1.45+/-1.21) mg/L vs. (2.37+/-1.45)mg/L], and there was a significant difference in the latter two parameters between the 2 groups(P<0.01). In the patients with newly diagnosed T2DM, after matching blood pressure, blood sugar, and blood lipid, the levels of serum sCD14, sE-selectin, and hsCRP in the obese group were higher than those in the non-obese group. There was no significant difference in the former 2 parameters between the 2 groups. The serum sE-selectin was correlated with fasting blood sugar (r=0.369, P<0.001), 2-hour postprandial blood sugar (r=0.421, P<0.001), glycosylated hemoglobin (r=0.291, P=0.005), sCD14(r=0.312, P=0.002), and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance(r=0.247, P=0.018) in the newly diagnosed T2DM group. Stepwise regression ana-lysis showed that the serum sCD14 was one of the chief influencing factors on serum sE-selectin. CONCLUSION: Serum sCD14 levels tend to increase in newly diagnosed T2DM patients, especially in the obese diabetic patients, which is one of the chief influencing factors to induce the injury of vascular endothelial cells. The innate immunity mediated by Toll-like receptor 4 may take part in the injury of vascular endothelial cells in newly diagnosed T2DM patients.